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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of early solvent evaporation on the mechanism of the spin-coating of polymeric solutions (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of solvent evaporation on spun-on polymer thickness is investigated. Film thickness is shown to be proportional to spin speed raised to the negative of a constant, b. This constant is specifically considered. Of particular interest is the short initial period during spin coating signified by a rapid increase in solution viscosity, but where solvent diffusion in solution is not yet significant. Many previous theories have suggested the existence of a single value for b dependent only upon environment and spin coating system. Here, a single polymer dissolved in five pure solvents is examined. The polymer is Thermid IP-600 (National Starch and Chemical Co.), an isoimide precursor. The solvents considered are n-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and 2-methoxyethyl ether. Spin Speed ranges from 0.6 to 7.0 kRPM and spin time is held at 15 s. It is shown that b varies from 0.97 for n-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone to 0.57 for 2-tncthoxycthyl ether. An empirical relation describing the behavior of b for this particular polymer and spin conditions used is b = [(MW)s(Pvap)s]/[(MW)n(Pvap)n]-0.1, where (MW)s and (MW)n are the molecular weights of the solvent and of n-butyl acetate, respectively and where (PVaP)s and (Pvap)n are the vapor pressure of the pure solvent and the vapor pressure of n-butyl acetate, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300309
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch polymerization of styrene-optimal temperature historiesThis paper was presented at the 1980 Annual Meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Chicago, III. (November 1980). (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Optimal temperature histories for the batch thermal polymerization of styrene are determined using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental measurements of conversion and molecular weight distribution. The excellent agreement suggests policy improvements in batch radical chain growth polymerizations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220102
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  • 3
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    G-protein-independent coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 in hypothalamic neurons (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: The regulated release of anorexigenic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Both peptides bind with high affinity to the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R); existing data show that alpha-MSH is an agonist that couples the receptor to the Galphas signalling pathway, while AgRP binds competitively to block alpha-MSH binding and blocks the constitutive activity mediated by the ligand-mimetic amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Here we show that, in mice, regulation of firing activity of neurons from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) by alpha-MSH and AgRP can be mediated independently of Galphas signalling by ligand-induced coupling of MC4R to closure of inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir7.1. Furthermore, AgRP is a biased agonist that hyperpolarizes neurons by binding to MC4R and opening Kir7.1, independently of its inhibition of alpha-MSH binding. Consequently, Kir7.1 signalling appears to be central to melanocortin-mediated regulation of energy homeostasis within the PVN. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383680/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghamari-Langroudi, Masoud -- Digby, Gregory J -- Sebag, Julien A -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Palomino, Rafael -- Matthews, Robert -- Gillyard, Taneisha -- Panaro, Brandon L -- Tough, Iain R -- Cox, Helen M -- Denton, Jerod S -- Cone, Roger D -- 5R01 DK082884-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F31 DK102343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK070332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R25 GM059994/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Apr 2;520(7545):94-8. doi: 10.1038/nature14051. Epub 2015 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Physiology &Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA. ; King's College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Agouti-Related Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Eating/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; *GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs ; HEK293 Cells ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Melanocortins/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*cytology ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Careers in science. More women in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handelsman, Jo -- Cantor, Nancy -- Carnes, Molly -- Denton, Denice -- Fine, Eve -- Grosz, Barbara -- Hinshaw, Virginia -- Marrett, Cora -- Rosser, Sue -- Shalala, Donna -- Sheridan, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1190-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA. joh@ plantpath.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Personnel Selection ; Prejudice ; *Science ; Universities ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Gender differences and performance in science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Carol B -- Ride, Sally M -- Fouke, Janie -- Whitney, Telle -- Denton, Denice D -- Cantor, Nancy -- Nelson, Donna J -- Plummer, Jim -- Busch-Vishniac, Ilene -- Meyers, Carolyn -- Rosser, Sue V -- Schiebinger, Londa -- Roberts, Eric -- Burgess, David -- Beeson, Craig -- Metz, Susan Staffin -- Sanders, Lucinda -- Watford, Bevlee A -- Ivey, Elizabeth S -- Frank Fox, Mary -- Wettack, Sheldon -- Klawe, Maria -- Wulf, William A -- Girgus, Joan -- Leboy, Phoebe S -- Babco, Eleanor L -- Shanahan, Betty -- Didion, Catherine -- Chubin, Daryl E -- Frize, Monique -- Ganter, Susan L -- Nalley, E Ann -- Franz, Judy -- Abruna, Hector D -- Strober, Myra H -- Zimmer Daniels, Jane -- Carter, Emily A -- Rhodes, Jean H -- Schrijver, Iris -- Zakian, Virginia A -- Simons, Barbara -- Martin, Ursula -- Boaler, Jo -- Jolluck, Katherine Rose -- Mankekar, Purnima -- Gray, Robert M -- Conkey, Margaret W -- Stansky, Peter -- Xie, Aihua -- Martin, Pino -- Katehi, Linda P B -- Miller, Jo Anne -- Tess Thornton, Amelia -- Lapaugh, Andrea -- Rhode, Deborah L -- Gelpi, Barbara C -- Harrold, Mary Jean -- Spencer, Cherrill M -- Schlatter Ellis, Carla -- Lord, Susan -- Quinn, Helen -- Murnane, Margaret -- Jones, Patricia P -- Hellman, Frances -- Wight, Gail -- O'hara, Ruth -- Pickering, Mary -- Sheppard, Sheri -- Leith, David -- Paytan, Adina -- Sommer, Matthew H -- Shafer, Audrey -- Grusky, David -- Yennello, Sherry -- Madan, Ashima -- Johnson, Denise L -- Yanagisako, Sylvia -- Chou-Green, Jennifer M -- Robinson, Sandra -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics ; Social Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Mutations in the dystrophin-associated protein gamma-sarcoglycan in chromosome 13 muscular dystrophy (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: Severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy (SCARMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder common in North Africa that segregates with microsatellite markers at chromosome 13q12. Here, it is shown that a mutation in the gene encoding the 35-kilodalton dystrophin-associated glycoprotein, gamma-sarcoglycan, is likely to be the primary genetic defect in this disorder. The human gamma-sarcoglycan gene was mapped to chromosome 13q12, and deletions that alter its reading frame were identified in three families and one of four sporadic cases of SCARMD. These mutations not only affect gamma-sarcoglycan but also disrupt the integrity of the entire sarcoglycan complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noguchi, S -- McNally, E M -- Ben Othmane, K -- Hagiwara, Y -- Mizuno, Y -- Yoshida, M -- Yamamoto, H -- Bonnemann, C G -- Gussoni, E -- Denton, P H -- Kyriakides, T -- Middleton, L -- Hentati, F -- Ben Hamida, M -- Nonaka, I -- Vance, J M -- Kunkel, L M -- Ozawa, E -- NS23740/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-NS26630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):819-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Dystrophin/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Rabbits ; Sarcoglycans ; Sequence Deletion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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