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  • 1
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    TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Some Toll and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide immunity to experimental infections in animal models, but their contribution to host defense in natural ecosystems is unknown. We report a dominant-negative TLR3 allele in otherwise healthy children with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. TLR3 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is required to control HSV-1, which spreads from the epithelium to the CNS via cranial nerves. TLR3 is also expressed in epithelial and dendritic cells, which apparently use TLR3-independent pathways to prevent further dissemination of HSV-1 and to provide resistance to other pathogens in TLR3-deficient patients. Human TLR3 appears to be redundant in host defense to most microbes but is vital for natural immunity to HSV-1 in the CNS, which suggests that neurotropic viruses have contributed to the evolutionary maintenance of TLR3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Shen-Ying -- Jouanguy, Emmanuelle -- Ugolini, Sophie -- Smahi, Asma -- Elain, Gaelle -- Romero, Pedro -- Segal, David -- Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa -- Lorenzo, Lazaro -- Puel, Anne -- Picard, Capucine -- Chapgier, Ariane -- Plancoulaine, Sabine -- Titeux, Matthias -- Cognet, Celine -- von Bernuth, Horst -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Casrouge, Armanda -- Zhang, Xin-Xin -- Barreiro, Luis -- Leonard, Joshua -- Hamilton, Claire -- Lebon, Pierre -- Heron, Benedicte -- Vallee, Louis -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Hovnanian, Alain -- Rozenberg, Flore -- Vivier, Eric -- Geissmann, Frederic -- Tardieu, Marc -- Abel, Laurent -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- G0900867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1522-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U550, Faculty Necker, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/*genetics/*immunology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Genes, Dominant ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infant ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Keratinocytes/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Mutation ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/chemistry/*deficiency/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ethics. The ISSCR guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daley, George Q -- Ahrlund Richter, Lars -- Auerbach, Jonathan M -- Benvenisty, Nissim -- Charo, R Alta -- Chen, Grace -- Deng, Hong-Kui -- Goldstein, Lawrence S -- Hudson, Kathy L -- Hyun, Insoo -- Junn, Sung Chull -- Love, Jane -- Lee, Eng Hin -- McLaren, Anne -- Mummery, Christine L -- Nakatsuji, Norio -- Racowsky, Catherine -- Rooke, Heather -- Rossant, Janet -- Scholer, Hans R -- Solbakk, Jan Helge -- Taylor, Patrick -- Trounson, Alan O -- Weissman, Irving L -- Wilmut, Ian -- Yu, John -- Zoloth, Laurie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):603-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. george.daley@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; *Embryo Research/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; International Cooperation ; Oocyte Donation/economics/ethics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Societies, Scientific ; Tissue Donors/ethics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    DNA double-strand breaks activate a multi-functional genetic program in developing lymphocytes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-14
    Description: DNA double-strand breaks are generated by genotoxic agents and by cellular endonucleases as intermediates of several important physiological processes. The cellular response to genotoxic DNA breaks includes the activation of transcriptional programs known primarily to regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival. DNA double-strand breaks are generated in all developing lymphocytes during the assembly of antigen receptor genes, a process that is essential for normal lymphocyte development. Here we show that in murine lymphocytes these physiological DNA breaks activate a broad transcriptional program. This program transcends the canonical DNA double-strand break response and includes many genes that regulate diverse cellular processes important for lymphocyte development. Moreover, the expression of several of these genes is regulated similarly in response to genotoxic DNA damage. Thus, physiological DNA double-strand breaks provide cues that can regulate cell-type-specific processes not directly involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, and genotoxic DNA breaks could disrupt normal cellular functions by corrupting these processes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bredemeyer, Andrea L -- Helmink, Beth A -- Innes, Cynthia L -- Calderon, Boris -- McGinnis, Lisa M -- Mahowald, Grace K -- Gapud, Eric J -- Walker, Laura M -- Collins, Jennifer B -- Weaver, Brian K -- Mandik-Nayak, Laura -- Schreiber, Robert D -- Allen, Paul M -- May, Michael J -- Paules, Richard S -- Bassing, Craig H -- Sleckman, Barry P -- R01 AI047829/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047829-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):819-23. doi: 10.1038/nature07392. Epub 2008 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    SLC38A9 is a component of the lysosomal amino acid sensing machinery that controls mTORC1 (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: Cell growth and proliferation are tightly linked to nutrient availability. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates the presence of growth factors, energy levels, glucose and amino acids to modulate metabolic status and cellular responses. mTORC1 is activated at the surface of lysosomes by the RAG GTPases and the Ragulator complex through a not fully understood mechanism monitoring amino acid availability in the lysosomal lumen and involving the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Here we describe the uncharacterized human member 9 of the solute carrier family 38 (SLC38A9) as a lysosomal membrane-resident protein competent in amino acid transport. Extensive functional proteomic analysis established SLC38A9 as an integral part of the Ragulator-RAG GTPases machinery. Gain of SLC38A9 function rendered cells resistant to amino acid withdrawal, whereas loss of SLC38A9 expression impaired amino-acid-induced mTORC1 activation. Thus SLC38A9 is a physical and functional component of the amino acid sensing machinery that controls the activation of mTOR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376665/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376665/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rebsamen, Manuele -- Pochini, Lorena -- Stasyk, Taras -- de Araujo, Mariana E G -- Galluccio, Michele -- Kandasamy, Richard K -- Snijder, Berend -- Fauster, Astrid -- Rudashevskaya, Elena L -- Bruckner, Manuela -- Scorzoni, Stefania -- Filipek, Przemyslaw A -- Huber, Kilian V M -- Bigenzahn, Johannes W -- Heinz, Leonhard X -- Kraft, Claudine -- Bennett, Keiryn L -- Indiveri, Cesare -- Huber, Lukas A -- Superti-Furga, Giulio -- P 26682/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- England -- Nature. 2015 Mar 26;519(7544):477-81. doi: 10.1038/nature14107. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Department DiBEST (Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy. ; Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. ; Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Transport Systems/*metabolism ; Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Mice ; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    A paracrine requirement for hedgehog signalling in cancer (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: Ligand-dependent activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been associated with tumorigenesis in a number of human tissues. Here we show that, although previous reports have described a cell-autonomous role for Hh signalling in these tumours, Hh ligands fail to activate signalling in tumour epithelial cells. In contrast, our data support ligand-dependent activation of the Hh pathway in the stromal microenvironment. Specific inhibition of Hh signalling using small molecule inhibitors, a neutralizing anti-Hh antibody or genetic deletion of smoothened (Smo) in the mouse stroma results in growth inhibition in xenograft tumour models. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a paracrine requirement for Hh ligand signalling in the tumorigenesis of Hh-expressing cancers and have important implications for the development of Hh pathway antagonists in cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yauch, Robert L -- Gould, Stephen E -- Scales, Suzie J -- Tang, Tracy -- Tian, Hua -- Ahn, Christina P -- Marshall, Derek -- Fu, Ling -- Januario, Thomas -- Kallop, Dara -- Nannini-Pepe, Michelle -- Kotkow, Karen -- Marsters, James C -- Rubin, Lee L -- de Sauvage, Frederic J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):406-10. doi: 10.1038/nature07275. Epub 2008 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Paracrine Communication/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Dengue fever is the most frequent arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, with almost half of the world's population at risk of infection. The high prevalence, lack of an effective vaccine, and absence of specific treatment conspire to make dengue fever a global public health threat. Given their compact genomes, dengue viruses (DENV-1-4) and other flaviviruses probably require an extensive number of host factors; however, only a limited number of human, and an even smaller number of insect host factors, have been identified. Here we identify insect host factors required for DENV-2 propagation, by carrying out a genome-wide RNA interference screen in Drosophila melanogaster cells using a well-established 22,632 double-stranded RNA library. This screen identified 116 candidate dengue virus host factors (DVHFs). Although some were previously associated with flaviviruses (for example, V-ATPases and alpha-glucosidases), most of the DVHFs were newly implicated in dengue virus propagation. The dipteran DVHFs had 82 readily recognizable human homologues and, using a targeted short-interfering-RNA screen, we showed that 42 of these are human DVHFs. This indicates notable conservation of required factors between dipteran and human hosts. This work suggests new approaches to control infection in the insect vector and the mammalian host.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3462662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sessions, October M -- Barrows, Nicholas J -- Souza-Neto, Jayme A -- Robinson, Timothy J -- Hershey, Christine L -- Rodgers, Mary A -- Ramirez, Jose L -- Dimopoulos, George -- Yang, Priscilla L -- Pearson, James L -- Garcia-Blanco, Mariano A -- 1R01AI061576-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1R01AI076442/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 1SA0RR024572-1/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5P30-CA14236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5U54-AI057157-05S/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076442/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078997-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067761/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI090188/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI090188-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS063845/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21-AI64925/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057157/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1047-50. doi: 10.1038/nature07967.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/virology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics/physiology ; Dengue Virus/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology/*virology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genome, Insect/genetics ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/*physiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Wnt3a-mediated formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates LRP6 phosphorylation (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: The canonical Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway is initiated by inducing phosphorylation of one of the Wnt receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), at threonine residue 1479 (Thr1479) and serine residue 1490 (Ser1490). By screening a human kinase small interfering RNA library, we identified phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II alpha and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I (PIP5KI) as required for Wnt3a-induced LRP6 phosphorylation at Ser1490 in mammalian cells and confirmed that these kinases are important for Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos. Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [PtdIns (4,5)P2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated PIP5KI. In turn, PtdIns (4,5)P2 regulated phosphorylation of LRP6 at Thr1479 and Ser1490. Therefore, our study reveals a signaling mechanism for Wnt to regulate LRP6 phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532521/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532521/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Weijun -- Choi, Sun-Cheol -- Wang, He -- Qin, Yuanbo -- Volpicelli-Daley, Laura -- Swan, Laura -- Lucast, Louise -- Khoo, Cynthia -- Zhang, Xiaowu -- Li, Lin -- Abrams, Charles S -- Sokol, Sergei Y -- Wu, Dianqing -- AR051476/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA132317/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DA018343/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HL080706/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS36251/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DA018343/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA132317/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA132317-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA139395/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1350-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1160741.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Axin Protein ; Cell Line ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; Wnt3A Protein ; Xenopus/embryology ; Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    HIN-200 proteins regulate caspase activation in response to foreign cytoplasmic DNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: The mammalian innate immune system is activated by foreign nucleic acids. Detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm triggers characteristic antiviral responses and macrophage cell death. Cytoplasmic dsDNA rapidly activated caspase 3 and caspase 1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. We identified the HIN-200 family member and candidate lupus susceptibility factor, p202, as a dsDNA binding protein that bound stably and rapidly to transfected DNA. Knockdown studies showed p202 to be an inhibitor of DNA-induced caspase activation. Conversely, the related pyrin domain-containing HIN-200 factor, AIM2 (p210), was required for caspase activation by cytoplasmic dsDNA. This work indicates that HIN-200 proteins can act as pattern recognition receptors mediating responses to cytoplasmic dsDNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Tara L -- Idris, Adi -- Dunn, Jasmyn A -- Kelly, Greg M -- Burnton, Carol M -- Hodgson, Samantha -- Hardy, Lani L -- Garceau, Valerie -- Sweet, Matthew J -- Ross, Ian L -- Hume, David A -- Stacey, Katryn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1057-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1169841. Epub 2009 Jan 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, QLD 4072, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caspase 1/*metabolism ; Caspase 3/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA/immunology/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Immunity, Innate ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/*metabolism ; Symporters ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Daily magnesium fluxes regulate cellular timekeeping and energy balance (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: Circadian clocks are fundamental to the biology of most eukaryotes, coordinating behaviour and physiology to resonate with the environmental cycle of day and night through complex networks of clock-controlled genes. A fundamental knowledge gap exists, however, between circadian gene expression cycles and the biochemical mechanisms that ultimately facilitate circadian regulation of cell biology. Here we report circadian rhythms in the intracellular concentration of magnesium ions, [Mg(2+)]i, which act as a cell-autonomous timekeeping component to determine key clock properties both in a human cell line and in a unicellular alga that diverged from each other more than 1 billion years ago. Given the essential role of Mg(2+) as a cofactor for ATP, a functional consequence of [Mg(2+)]i oscillations is dynamic regulation of cellular energy expenditure over the daily cycle. Mechanistically, we find that these rhythms provide bilateral feedback linking rhythmic metabolism to clock-controlled gene expression. The global regulation of nucleotide triphosphate turnover by intracellular Mg(2+) availability has potential to impact upon many of the cell's more than 600 MgATP-dependent enzymes and every cellular system where MgNTP hydrolysis becomes rate limiting. Indeed, we find that circadian control of translation by mTOR is regulated through [Mg(2+)]i oscillations. It will now be important to identify which additional biological processes are subject to this form of regulation in tissues of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans, in the context of health and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feeney, Kevin A -- Hansen, Louise L -- Putker, Marrit -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Day, Jason -- Eades, Lorna J -- Larrondo, Luis F -- Hoyle, Nathaniel P -- O'Neill, John S -- van Ooijen, Gerben -- 093734/Z/10/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1201/4/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Apr 21;532(7599):375-9. doi: 10.1038/nature17407. Epub 2016 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27074515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chlorophyta/cytology/metabolism ; Circadian Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Domain organization of human chromosomes revealed by mapping of nuclear lamina interactions (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-09
    Description: The architecture of human chromosomes in interphase nuclei is still largely unknown. Microscopy studies have indicated that specific regions of chromosomes are located in close proximity to the nuclear lamina (NL). This has led to the idea that certain genomic elements may be attached to the NL, which may contribute to the spatial organization of chromosomes inside the nucleus. However, sequences in the human genome that interact with the NL in vivo have not been identified. Here we construct a high-resolution map of the interaction sites of the entire genome with NL components in human fibroblasts. This map shows that genome-lamina interactions occur through more than 1,300 sharply defined large domains 0.1-10 megabases in size. These lamina-associated domains (LADs) are typified by low gene-expression levels, indicating that LADs represent a repressive chromatin environment. The borders of LADs are demarcated by the insulator protein CTCF, by promoters that are oriented away from LADs, or by CpG islands, suggesting possible mechanisms of LAD confinement. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the human genome is divided into large, discrete domains that are units of chromosome organization within the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guelen, Lars -- Pagie, Ludo -- Brasset, Emilie -- Meuleman, Wouter -- Faza, Marius B -- Talhout, Wendy -- Eussen, Bert H -- de Klein, Annelies -- Wessels, Lodewyk -- de Laat, Wouter -- van Steensel, Bas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):948-51. doi: 10.1038/nature06947. Epub 2008 May 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; *Chromosome Positioning ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics/*metabolism ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lamin Type B/metabolism ; Nuclear Lamina/chemistry/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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