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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (47)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (52)
  • 1961  (52)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (52)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Viscoelastic factors in the strength of elastomers under complex stress by a puncture methodPresented at the Tenth Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ste. Marguerite, Quebec, September 7-9, 1960.Contribution No. 262 from the research laboratory of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 442-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Investigations of the viscoelastic aspects of the mechanical behavior of polymers have been limited almost exclusively to relatively simple conditions of homogeneous stress, that is, to tension or shear loadings. In the present work a study has been made from the viscoelastic standpoint of the response of several elastomers to a much more complex type of stress distribution arising from penetration up to failure by a cylindrical indentor for a range of temperatures and rates of penetration. The failure or “puncture point” was determined by a dip in the recorded curve of load versus depth of penetration. The puncture strength values were reduced to 25°C. by applying the ratio of absolute temperatures and plotted against the logarithm of the reciprocal of the rate of penetration. These curves were then shifted on the time scale to give a master curve after the manner of Tobolsky and of Ferry. The logarithms of the shift factors thus obtained were related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature over the range studied. The results indicate a broader generality for the viscoelastic principle of time-temperature equivalence than has usually been supposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051610
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Digital recording and automatic computation of film tensile stress-strain dataPresented at ASTM Committee D-20 Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, October 3, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A system is described for automatic collection of stress-strain data for polymeric films on magnetic tape for subsequent automatic data reduction and computation of a variety of stress-strain parameters. Two shaft analog-to-digital encoders attached to a conventional tensile tester feed digital information to an incremental pulse recorder which stores all stress and strain data in two channels on 0.625-in. magnetic tape. Specimen information and test constants are inserted by the operator through a keyboard located at the tensile tester. The tape is subsequently fed into a standard digital computer through a special incremental pulse magnetic tape reader. The data pulses are internally stored and converted by means of a special program into eight significant stress-strain parameters for polymeric film samples, plus averages and standard deviations for groups of replicate determinations. These parameters include: corrected length of specimen, initial maximum tensile modulus, offset yield stress, strain at break, strain at maximum stress, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, and work to break. While the program described applies to polymer film testing, both it and the digital recording equipment accessories are applicable with suitable modification, to any analog experimental data. Significant savings in man-hours and increased information output result from use of this system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051705
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isomorphism phenomena in macromolecules (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 51 (1961), S. 527-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Through x-ray and infrared examinations of stereoregular polymers and copolymers of vinylaromatic monomers, the occurrence of chain isomorphism phenomena, together with many cases of a new type of isomorphism between monomeric units, have been proved. Isomorphism of macromolecules, allowing true solid solutions, has been observed when melting and crystallizing mixtures of homopolymers (i.e., isotactic polystyrene) and of crystalline copolymers (i.e., styrene-p-methylstyrene) having the same identity period and differing very little in lattice constants. Isomorphism among monomeric units occurs in copolymerizing monomers that have a chemical nature and shape slightly different one from the other, e.g., styrene and o-fluorostyrene. This allows the formation of crystallizable copolymers in the entire composition range. They show physical properties (lattice constants, melting temperatures, etc.) continuously varying between those of the pure homopolymers. The occurrence of isodimorphism phenomena has been observed in crystalline copolymers obtained from monomers the homopolymers of which have different crystalline structures (e.g., styrene-p-fluorostyrene), and also in copolymerizing styrene with monomers (e.g., p-methyl, p-chlorostyrene) giving only amorphous homopolymers. In the latter case, of course, the copolymers show crystallinity only in a limited composition range.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205115610
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Graft copolymers of p-isopropylstyrene and methyl methacrylate (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 49 (1961), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The preparation of a completely isopropylated polystyrene by polymerization of p-isopropylstyrene monomer is described. This polymer was autoxidized in cyclohexane with lauroyl peroxide to give a material of good reproducibility and high purity. Methyl methacrylate was successfully grafted to the polymeric hydroperoxide by using a sugar-containing recipe. Homopolymer was separated from the graft copolymer by extraction. Evidence for grafting was obtained from solubility and fractionation behavior, as well as from light-scattering and viscosity measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1204915232
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Der Einfluß von Wasserstoffsuperoxyd auf die Korrosion von Messing (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 422-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the corrosion of brassThe corrosion behaviour of brass 80/20 and 59/41 in acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and tartaric acid as well as in buffered hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride in the presence of small additions of hydrogen peroxide is investigated. In general, the intensity of corrosion was found to be considerably increased thereby. In the case of α-brass, the de-zincking process in suppressed to such an extent that decopperization is already encountered. With α/β-Brass, the zinc-rich β-phase is attacked first, followed by an attack on the α-Phase so that the overall result is an intensified corrosion attack. In the case of tartaric acid, passivation phenomena were encountered which were, however, not investigated in detail.
    Notizen: Das Korrosionsverhalten von Messing 80/20 und 59/41 in Essigsäure, Phosphorsäure, Citronensäure, Äpfelsäure, Milchsäure und Weinsäure sowie gepufferter Salzsäure und Ammoniumchlorid wird in Gegenwart geringer Wasserstoffsuperoxydzusätze untersucht. Dabei wird im allgemeinen der Angriff wesentlich verstärkt. Bei α-Messing wird die Entzinkung gleichzeitig soweit zurückgedrängt, daß schon Entkupferung vorliegt, während bei α/β-Messing zunächst die zinkreiche β-Phase und erst nachher auch die α-Phase angegriffen wird, so daß sich im Endeffekt verstärkter Gesamtangriff ergibt. Im Falle der Weinsäure treten nicht näher untersuchte Passivierungserscheinungen auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120704
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Der Einfluß einiger Kolloide auf die Korrosion von Messing in Äpfelsäure und Ammoniumchlorid (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 277-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The influence of some colloids on the corrosion of brassThe influence of gelatin, pulvis acacia, dextrin, agar, egg albumen and potato starch on the corrosion of α and α/β brass in malic acid and ammonium chloride is investigated. The effects of the additives differ greatly as they are liable either to promote or inhibit the overall attack as well as the dezincking. This behaviour is governed by whether the added substance is cathodically or anodically adsorbed, i.e., forms a film, or whether it forms soluble complexes with the metal. As the type of brass also plays a part, and the de-zincking process may be governed by different mechanisms, it is difficult to find inhibitors which inhibit the overall corrosion attack as well as the de-zincking process. One possible solution might lie in the use of inhibitor blends.
    Notizen: Der Einfluß von Gelatine, pulvis acacia, Dextrin, Agar, Ei-Albumin und Kartoffelstärke auf die Korrosion von α- und α/β-Messing in Äpfelsäure und Ammoniumchlorid wird untersucht. Die Wirkung der Zusätze ist sehr unterschiedlich, denn sie können sowohl den Gesamtangriff als auch die Entzinkung verstärken oder auch hemmen. Entscheidend hierfür ist, ob die zugesetzte Substanz kathodisch oder anodisch adsorbiert wird, also filmbildend ist, oder ob sie mit dem Metall lösliche Komplexe bildet. Da auch der Messingtyp eine Rolle spielt und die Entzinkung nach verschiedenen Mechanismen ablaufen kann, ergibt sich im Endeffekt die Schwierigkeit, Inhibitoren zue finden, welche gleichzeitig den Allgemeinangriff und die Entzinkung hemmen. Eine Möglichkeit könnte in der Verwendung von Inhibitorgemischen liegen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120503
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Testicular histology and seasonal changes in the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 95-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080105
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric dataThe work described in this paper was done under United States Air Force Contract AF 33(616)-5576. The work was monitored under the direction of the Nonmetallic Materials Laboratory, Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division, Air Research and Development Command, with Dr. G. F. L. Ehlers as Project Engineer. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Thermogravimetric data are generally more extensive than are comparable isothermal aging data, and therefore afford preliminary kinetic information in greater abundance. The kinetic analysis of the thermogram, by use of either its exact equation or a more convenient approximation formula, is straightforward in cases of volatilization via simple kinetics. Application of the analytical procedure to the thermogram for the zero-order volatilization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane yielded an estimate of 11.65 kcal./mole as the average heat of vaporization in the temperature range of 80 to 145°C. The apparent activation energy for the first-order pyrolytic volatilization of 200-mg. samples of pulverized polytetrafluoroethylene was estimated to be 66 to 68 kcal./mole in the temperature range of 520 to 610°C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051506
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of the thermal gradient and elution methods of polymer fractionation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 354-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The elution method is essentially a single-stage process, whereas the thermal gradient method is a multistage process which depends upon a thermal gradient to bring about reprecipitation of polymer in the fractions. As a test of the effectiveness of the thermal gradient, comparisons have been made of fractionation by these two column methods on high molecular weight polystyrene samples. It was found that the thermal gradient method definitely provides superior resolution and reproducibility, as expected. However, the degree of fractionation obtained by the elution method was surprising, accounting for at least 80% of the sample under the usual conditions and giving complete fractionation with certain modifications of conditions. These results indicate the difference in performance of the two methods is less than expected from an elementary consideration of the operation of the columns, and fractionation by the elution method, as conducted here, exceeds that expected for a single-stage extraction process. Although the reasons for the observed behavior are not clear, the following conclusions have been reached about certain factors which influence fractionation. Alternative methods of controlling the concentration of polymer in the fractions give almost equivalent results but enhanced resolution of the high molecular weight portion of the sample is obtained with extended solvent gradients. The inhibitor, tert-butyl catechol, which it was necessary to add to the solvents to limit degradation of the very high molecular weight sample, plays a specific role in the fractionation due to a reaction with the polystyrene which alters the fractionation behavior without affecting the molecular weight. Also, trace amounts of chemical heterogeneity in the polymers, presumably hydroxyl groups, have a marked adverse effect on fractionation by the elution method and probably account for molecular weight reversals observed in some fractionations by the thermal gradient method. It is suggested that adsorption on the surface of the beads is responsiblp for the adverse effect of chemical heterogeneity on the fractionation and that possibly an adsorption which increases with molecular weight contributes to fractionation by the elution and thermal gradient methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051516
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The retardation of drop breakup in high-velocity airstreams by polymeric modifiers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Investigations are being conducted on the factors involved in the breakup of Newtonian and non-Newtonian (viscoelastic) liquids in high velocity airstreams. Viscoelastic solutions are formed by the addition of small amounts of polymeric modifiers to the test liquid. The mechanism of breakup is shown to be significantly different between the thickened and unthickened solutions. It was found that Newtonian liquid drops are broken into very fine particles by a breakup mechanism which begins with a stripping of the liquid from the surface of the drop. On the other hand, drops of non-Newtonian liquids break up by formation of ligaments rather than by surface stripping and are broken into much larger particles. An increase in viscosity by a factor of 25 in the Newtonian liquids showed no significant change in the breakup mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051301
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