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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Place cells in hippocampal area CA1 may receive positional information from the intrahippocampal associative network in area CA3 or directly from the entorhinal cortex. To determine whether direct entorhinal connections support spatial firing and spatial memory, we removed all input from areas CA3 to CA1, thus isolating the CA1 area. Pyramidal cells in the isolated CA1 area developed sharp and stable place fields. Rats with an isolated CA1 area showed normal acquisition of an associative hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition task. Spatial recall was impaired. These results suggest that the hippocampus contains two functionally separable memory circuits: The direct entorhinal-CA1 system is sufficient for recollection-based recognition memory, but recall depends on intact CA3-CA1 connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brun, Vegard H -- Otnass, Mona K -- Molden, Sturla -- Steffenach, Hill-Aina -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Unit, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Denervation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-07-24
    Description: The hippocampus has differentiated into an extensively connected recurrent stage (CA3) followed by a feed-forward stage (CA1). We examined the function of this structural differentiation by determining how cell ensembles in rat CA3 and CA1 generate representations of rooms with common spatial elements. In CA3, distinct subsets of pyramidal cells were activated in each room, regardless of the similarity of the testing enclosure. In CA1, the activated populations overlapped, and the overlap increased in similar enclosures. After exposure to a novel room, ensemble activity developed slower in CA3 than CA1, suggesting that the representations emerged independently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leutgeb, Stefan -- Leutgeb, Jill K -- Treves, Alessandro -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1295-8. Epub 2004 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15272123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; *Memory ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: Hippocampal neurons were recorded under conditions in which the recording chamber was varied but its location remained unchanged versus conditions in which an identical chamber was encountered in different places. Two forms of neuronal pattern separation occurred. In the variable cue-constant place condition, the firing rates of active cells varied, often over more than an order of magnitude, whereas the location of firing remained constant. In the variable place-constant cue condition, both location and rates changed, so that population vectors for a given location in the chamber were statistically independent. These independent encoding schemes may enable simultaneous representation of spatial and episodic memory information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leutgeb, Stefan -- Leutgeb, Jill K -- Barnes, Carol A -- Moser, Edvard I -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):619-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Perception/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: As the interface between hippocampus and neocortex, the entorhinal cortex is likely to play a pivotal role in memory. To determine how information is represented in this area, we measured spatial modulation of neural activity in layers of medial entorhinal cortex projecting to the hippocampus. Close to the postrhinal-entorhinal border, entorhinal neurons had stable and discrete multipeaked place fields, predicting the rat's location as accurately as place cells in the hippocampus. Precise positional modulation was not observed more ventromedially in the entorhinal cortex or upstream in the postrhinal cortex, suggesting that sensory input is transformed into durable allocentric spatial representations internally in the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fyhn, Marianne -- Molden, Sturla -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, Edvard I -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1258-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Male ; *Memory ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: Grid cells are neurons with periodic spatial receptive fields (grids) that tile two-dimensional space in a hexagonal pattern. To provide useful information about location, grids must be stably anchored to an external reference frame. The mechanisms underlying this anchoring process have remained elusive. Here we show in differently sized familiar square enclosures that the axes of the grids are offset from the walls by an angle that minimizes symmetry with the borders of the environment. This rotational offset is invariably accompanied by an elliptic distortion of the grid pattern. Reversing the ellipticity analytically by a shearing transformation removes the angular offset. This, together with the near-absence of rotation in novel environments, suggests that the rotation emerges through non-coaxial strain as a function of experience. The systematic relationship between rotation and distortion of the grid pattern points to shear forces arising from anchoring to specific geometric reference points as key elements of the mechanism for alignment of grid patterns to the external world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stensola, Tor -- Stensola, Hanne -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2015 Feb 12;518(7538):207-12. doi: 10.1038/nature14151.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; *Environment ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Rotation ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: To determine how spatial scale is represented in the pyramidal cell population of the hippocampus, we recorded neural activity at multiple longitudinal levels of this brain area while rats ran back and forth on an 18-meter-long linear track. CA3 cells had well-defined place fields at all levels. The scale of representation increased almost linearly from 〈1 meter at the dorsal pole to approximately 10 meters at the ventral pole. The results suggest that the place-cell map includes the entire hippocampus and that environments are represented in the hippocampus at a topographically graded but finite continuum of scales.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kjelstrup, Kirsten Brun -- Solstad, Trygve -- Brun, Vegard Heimly -- Hafting, Torkel -- Leutgeb, Stefan -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, Edvard I -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):140-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1157086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Learning ; Linear Models ; Male ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception ; Spatial Behavior ; Theta Rhythm
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: We report the existence of an entorhinal cell type that fires when an animal is close to the borders of the proximal environment. The orientation-specific edge-apposing activity of these "border cells" is maintained when the environment is stretched and during testing in enclosures of different size and shape in different rooms. Border cells are relatively sparse, making up less than 10% of the local cell population, but can be found in all layers of the medial entorhinal cortex as well as the adjacent parasubiculum, often intermingled with head-direction cells and grid cells. Border cells may be instrumental in planning trajectories and anchoring grid fields and place fields to a geometric reference frame.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solstad, Trygve -- Boccara, Charlotte N -- Kropff, Emilio -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1865-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1166466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-06-19
    Description: In the adult brain, space and orientation are represented by an elaborate hippocampal-parahippocampal circuit consisting of head-direction cells, place cells, and grid cells. We report that a rudimentary map of space is already present when 2 1/2-week-old rat pups explore an open environment outside the nest for the first time. Head-direction cells in the pre- and parasubiculum have adultlike properties from the beginning. Place and grid cells are also present but evolve more gradually. Grid cells show the slowest development. The gradual refinement of the spatial representation is accompanied by an increase in network synchrony among entorhinal stellate cells. The presence of adultlike directional signals at the onset of navigation raises the possibility that such signals are instrumental in setting up networks for place and grid representation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langston, Rosamund F -- Ainge, James A -- Couey, Jonathan J -- Canto, Cathrin B -- Bjerknes, Tale L -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, Edvard I -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1576-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1188210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical Technical Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Aging ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*physiology ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Exploratory Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation ; Parahippocampal Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception ; *Spatial Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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