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  • 1
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    Cross-language analysis of phonetic units in language addressed to infants (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: In the early months of life, infants acquire information about the phonetic properties of their native language simply by listening to adults speak. The acoustic properties of phonetic units in language input to young infants in the United States, Russia, and Sweden were examined. In all three countries, mothers addressing their infants produced acoustically more extreme vowels than they did when addressing adults, resulting in a "stretching" of vowel space. The findings show that language input to infants provides exceptionally well-specified information about the linguistic units that form the building blocks for words.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhl, P K -- Andruski, J E -- Chistovich, I A -- Chistovich, L A -- Kozhevnikova, E V -- Ryskina, V L -- Stolyarova, E I -- Sundberg, U -- Lacerda, F -- DC 00520/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):684-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Mothers ; *Phonetics ; Russia ; Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception ; Sweden ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Biodemographic trajectories of longevity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: Old-age survival has increased substantially since 1950. Death rates decelerate with age for insects, worms, and yeast, as well as humans. This evidence of extended postreproductive survival is puzzling. Three biodemographic insights--concerning the correlation of death rates across age, individual differences in survival chances, and induced alterations in age patterns of fertility and mortality--offer clues and suggest research on the failure of complicated systems, on new demographic equations for evolutionary theory, and on fertility-longevity interactions. Nongenetic changes account for increases in human life-spans to date. Explication of these causes and the genetic license for extended survival, as well as discovery of genes and other survival attributes affecting longevity, will lead to even longer lives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaupel, J W -- Carey, J R -- Christensen, K -- Johnson, T E -- Yashin, A I -- Holm, N V -- Iachine, I A -- Kannisto, V -- Khazaeli, A A -- Liedo, P -- Longo, V D -- Zeng, Y -- Manton, K G -- Curtsinger, J W -- AG08761/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 8;280(5365):855-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. jwv@demogr.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Fertility ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; *Mortality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Genetic evaluation of suspected cases of transient HIV-1 infection of infants (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) on only one or a few occasions in infants born to infected mothers has been interpreted to indicate that infection may be transient rather than persistent. Forty-two cases of suspected transient HIV-1 viremia among 1562 perinatally exposed seroreverting infants and one mother were reanalyzed. HIV-1 env sequences were not found in specimens from 20; in specimens from 6, somatic genetic analysis revealed that specimens were mistakenly attributed to an infant; and in specimens from 17, phylogenetic analysis failed to demonstrate the expected linkage between the infant's and the mother's virus. These findings argue that transient HIV-1 infection, if it exists, will only rarely be satisfactorily documented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frenkel, L M -- Mullins, J I -- Learn, G H -- Manns-Arcuino, L -- Herring, B L -- Kalish, M L -- Steketee, R W -- Thea, D M -- Nichols, J E -- Liu, S L -- Harmache, A -- He, X -- Muthui, D -- Madan, A -- Hood, L -- Haase, A T -- Zupancic, M -- Staskus, K -- Wolinsky, S -- Krogstad, P -- Zhao, J -- Chen, I -- Koup, R -- Ho, D -- Korber, B -- Apple, R J -- Coombs, R W -- Pahwa, S -- Roberts, N J Jr -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI32910/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1-27658/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1073-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lfrenkel@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9582120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; Diagnostic Errors ; Equipment Contamination ; Female ; Genes, env ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; HIV-1/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Specimen Handling ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Viremia/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Friedreich's ataxia: autosomal recessive disease caused by an intronic GAA triplet repeat expansion (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-03-08
    Description: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive, degenerative disease that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and the heart. A gene, X25, was identified in the critical region for the FRDA locus on chromosome 9q13. This gene encodes a 210-amino acid protein, frataxin, that has homologs in distant species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast. A few FRDA patients were found to have point mutations in X25, but the majority were homozygous for an unstable GAA trinucleotide expansion in the first X25 intron.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campuzano, V -- Montermini, L -- Molto, M D -- Pianese, L -- Cossee, M -- Cavalcanti, F -- Monros, E -- Rodius, F -- Duclos, F -- Monticelli, A -- Zara, F -- Canizares, J -- Koutnikova, H -- Bidichandani, S I -- Gellera, C -- Brice, A -- Trouillas, P -- De Michele, G -- Filla, A -- De Frutos, R -- Palau, F -- Patel, P I -- Di Donato, S -- Mandel, J L -- Cocozza, S -- Koenig, M -- Pandolfo, M -- 722/Telethon/Italy -- NS34192/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Mar 8;271(5254):1423-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department de Genetica, University of Valencia, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8596916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Friedreich Ataxia/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; *Introns ; *Iron-Binding Proteins ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Polyclonal origin of colonic adenomas in an XO/XY patient with FAP (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-24
    Description: It is widely accepted that tumors are monoclonal in origin, arising from a mutation or series of mutations in a single cell and its descendants. The clonal origin of colonic adenomas and uninvolved intestinal mucosa from an XO/XY mosaic individual with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was examined directly by in situ hybridization with Y chromosome probes. In this patient, the crypts of the small and large intestine were clonal, but at least 76 percent of the microadenomas were polyclonal in origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Novelli, M R -- Williamson, J A -- Tomlinson, I P -- Elia, G -- Hodgson, S V -- Talbot, I C -- Bodmer, W F -- Wright, N A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 24;272(5265):1187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) Laboratories, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8638166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/*genetics/pathology ; Adult ; Clone Cells ; Colon/*pathology ; DNA Probes ; Genotype ; Humans ; Ileum/pathology ; In Situ Hybridization ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology ; Karyotyping ; Male ; *Mosaicism ; Phenotype ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Identification of hSRP1 alpha as a functional receptor for nuclear localization sequences (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: Import of proteins into the nucleus is a two-step process, involving nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-dependent docking of the substrate at the nuclear envelope followed by translocation through the nuclear pore. A recombinant human protein, hSRP1 alpha, bound in vitro specifically and directly to substrates containing either a simple or bipartite NLS motif. hSRP1 alpha promoted docking of import substrates to the nuclear envelope and together with recombinant human Ran reconstituted complete nuclear protein import. Thus, hSRP1 alpha has the properties of a cytosolic receptor for both simple and bipartite NLS motifs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weis, K -- Mattaj, I W -- Lamond, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1049-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Sorting Signals/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Natural protection against HIV-1 infection provided by HIV-2 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: Significant differences have been observed in the rates of transmission and disease development in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2. Because many HIV-2-infected people remain asymptomatic for prolonged periods, the hypothesis that HIV-2 might protect against subsequent infection by HIV-1 was considered. During a 9-year period in Dakar, Senegal, the seroincidence of both HIV types was measured in a cohort of commercial sex workers. Despite a higher incidence of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV-2-infected women had a lower incidence of HIV-1 than did HIV-seronegative women, with a relative risk of 0.32 (P = 0.008). An understanding of the cross-protective mechanisms involved may be directly relevant to HIV-1 vaccine development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travers, K -- Mboup, S -- Marlink, R -- Gueye-Nidaye, A -- Siby, T -- Thior, I -- Traore, I -- Dieng-Sarr, A -- Sankale, J L -- Mullins, C -- CA 39805/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 A1 30795/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1612-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7539936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes/immunology ; Female ; HIV Antigens/immunology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*immunology/prevention & control/virology ; HIV Seropositivity ; HIV-1/*immunology/pathogenicity ; HIV-2/*immunology/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Prostitution ; Regression Analysis ; Senegal ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Skeletal repair by in situ formation of the mineral phase of bone (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: A process has been developed for the in situ formation of the mineral phase of bone. Inorganic calcium and phosphate sources are combined to form a paste that is surgically implanted by injection. Under physiological conditions, the material hardens in minutes concurrent with the formation of dahllite. After 12 hours, dahllite formation was nearly complete, and an ultimate compressive strength of 55 megapascals was achieved. The composition and crystal morphology of the dahllite formed are similar to those of bone. Animal studies provide evidence that the material is remodeled in vivo. A novel approach to skeletal repair is being tested in human trials for various applications; in one of the trials the new biomaterial is being percutaneously placed into acute fractures. After hardening, it serves as internal fixation to maintain proper alignment while healing occurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Constantz, B R -- Ison, I C -- Fulmer, M T -- Poser, R D -- Smith, S T -- VanWagoner, M -- Ross, J -- Goldstein, S A -- Jupiter, J B -- Rosenthal, D I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1796-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Norian Corporation, Cupertino, CA 95014.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apatites/*chemistry ; Bone Substitutes/*chemistry ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dogs ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/therapy ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Models, Chemical ; Osseointegration ; Rabbits ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A strategy for construction of industrial strains of distiller's yeast (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: yeast ; ethanol ; amylases ; strain development ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure was developed for construction of industrial strains of distiller's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It includes several steps: construction of congenic genetically marked haploid strains of opposite mating types starting from an industrial strain of hybrid nature, integrative transformation of the above haploid strains with a DNA fragment containing an expression cassette responsible for new technological facilities, and hybridization of transformants and isolation of final industrial homozygous strains under experimental conditions simulating commercial fermentation processes. This strategy permits the generation of strains that have desirable characteristics of traditional races of distiller's yeast along with new technological facilities determined by the particular expression cassette. Using this procedure, we have constructed an industrial strain with improved amylolytic activity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460312
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteome studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Identification and characterization of abundant proteins (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1347-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Yeast ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Proteome ; Database ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis can now be coupled with protein identification techniques and genome sequence information for direct detection, identification, and characterization of large numbers of proteins from microbial organisms. 2-D electrophoresis, and new protein identification techniques such as amino acid composition, are proteome research techniques in that they allow direct characterization of many proteins at the same time. Another new tool important for yeast proteome research is the Yeast Protein Database (YPD), which provides the sequence-derived protein properties needed for spot identification and tabulations of the currently known properties of the yeast proteins. Studies presented here extend the yeast 2-D protein map to 169 identified spots based upon the recent completion of the yeast genome sequence, and they show that methods of spot identification based on predicted isoelectric point, predicted molecular mass, and determination of partial amino acid composition from radiolabeled gels are powerful enough for the identification of at least 80% of the spots representing abundant proteins. Comparison of proteins predicted by YPD to be detectable on 2-D gels based on calculated molecular mass, isoelectric point and codon bias (a predictor of abundance) with proteins identified in this study suggests that many glycoproteins and integral membrane proteins are missing from the 2-D gel patterns. Using the 2-D gel map and the information available in YDP, 2-D gel experiments were analyzed to characterize the yeast proteins associated with: (i) an environmental change (heat shock), (ii) a temperature-sensitive mutation (the prp2 mRNA splicing mutant), (iii) a mutation affecting post-translational modification (N-terminal acetylation), and (iv) a purified subcellular fraction (the ribosomal proteins). The methods used here should allow future extension of these studies to many more proteins of the yeast proteome.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180810
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