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  • 1
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    Rate of de novo mutations and the importance of father's age to disease risk (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-24
    Description: Mutations generate sequence diversity and provide a substrate for selection. The rate of de novo mutations is therefore of major importance to evolution. Here we conduct a study of genome-wide mutation rates by sequencing the entire genomes of 78 Icelandic parent-offspring trios at high coverage. We show that in our samples, with an average father's age of 29.7, the average de novo mutation rate is 1.20 x 10(-8) per nucleotide per generation. Most notably, the diversity in mutation rate of single nucleotide polymorphisms is dominated by the age of the father at conception of the child. The effect is an increase of about two mutations per year. An exponential model estimates paternal mutations doubling every 16.5 years. After accounting for random Poisson variation, father's age is estimated to explain nearly all of the remaining variation in the de novo mutation counts. These observations shed light on the importance of the father's age on the risk of diseases such as schizophrenia and autism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kong, Augustine -- Frigge, Michael L -- Masson, Gisli -- Besenbacher, Soren -- Sulem, Patrick -- Magnusson, Gisli -- Gudjonsson, Sigurjon A -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Wong, Wendy S W -- Sigurdsson, Gunnar -- Walters, G Bragi -- Steinberg, Stacy -- Helgason, Hannes -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Helgason, Agnar -- Magnusson, Olafur Th -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Stefansson, Kari -- MH071425/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH071425/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):471-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. kong@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autistic Disorder/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mothers ; *Mutation Rate ; Ovum/metabolism ; *Paternal Age ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Nonsense mutation in the LGR4 gene is associated with several human diseases and other traits (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-07
    Description: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is used as a parameter of osteoporosis. Genome-wide association studies of BMD have hitherto focused on BMD as a quantitative trait, yielding common variants of small effects that contribute to the population diversity in BMD. Here we use BMD as a dichotomous trait, searching for variants that may have a direct effect on the risk of pathologically low BMD rather than on the regulation of BMD in the healthy population. Through whole-genome sequencing of Icelandic individuals, we found a rare nonsense mutation within the leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) gene (c.376C〉T) that is strongly associated with low BMD, and with osteoporotic fractures. This mutation leads to termination of LGR4 at position 126 and fully disrupts its function. The c.376C〉T mutation is also associated with electrolyte imbalance, late onset of menarche and reduced testosterone levels, as well as an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and biliary tract cancer. Interestingly, the phenotype of carriers of the c.376C〉T mutation overlaps that of Lgr4 mutant mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Styrkarsdottir, Unnur -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Sulem, Patrick -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Sigurdsson, Asgeir -- Jonasdottir, Aslaug -- Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg -- Oddsson, Asmundur -- Helgason, Agnar -- Magnusson, Olafur T -- Walters, G Bragi -- Frigge, Michael L -- Helgadottir, Hafdis T -- Johannsdottir, Hrefna -- Bergsteinsdottir, Kristin -- Ogmundsdottir, Margret H -- Center, Jacqueline R -- Nguyen, Tuan V -- Eisman, John A -- Christiansen, Claus -- Steingrimsson, Erikur -- Jonasson, Jon G -- Tryggvadottir, Laufey -- Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur I -- Theodors, Asgeir -- Jonsson, Thorvaldur -- Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur -- Olafsson, Isleifur -- Rafnar, Thorunn -- Kong, Augustine -- Sigurdsson, Gunnar -- Masson, Gisli -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Stefansson, Kari -- HL-102923/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102924/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102925/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-102926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-103010/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):517-20. doi: 10.1038/nature12124. Epub 2013 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. unnurth@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23644456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/*genetics ; Bone Density/*genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; Codon, Nonsense/*genetics ; Denmark ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Menarche/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Osteoporotic Fractures/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; Testosterone/analysis ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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