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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We present a new spectrum of 5145 Pholus between 1.15 and 2.4 microns. We model this, and the previously published (0.4-1.0 microns) spectrum, using Hapke scattering theory. The 2.04 micron band of H2O ice is seen in absorption, as well as a strong band at 2.27 Am, interpreted as frozen methanol and/or the methanol photo product hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). The presence of small molecules is indicative of a chemically primitive surface, since heating removes the light hydrocarbons in favor of macromolecular carbon typically found in carbonaceous meteorites. The unusually red slope of Pholus' spectrum is matched by fine grains of Titan tholin, as found previously. Object 1993 HA2, which has an orbit similar to that of 5145 Pholus, is similarly red, but there are as yet no observations of absorption bands in its spectrum. We present a model for the composite spectrum of all spectroscopic and photometric data available for 5145 Pholus and conclude that this is a primitive object which has yet to be substantially processed by solar heat.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: NASA-TM-112311 , NAS 1.15:112311
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We present spectroscopic observations of 16 asteroids from 1.9-3.6 microns, collected from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) from 1996-2000. Of these 16 asteroids, 11 show some evidence of a 3-micron hydrated mineral absorption feature greater than 2 sigma at 2.9 microns. Using relations first recognized for carbonaceous chondrite powders by Miyamoto and Zolensky (1994) and Sato et al. (1997), we have determined the hydrogen/silicon ratio for these asteroids and calculated their equivalent water contents, assuming all the hydrogen was in water. The asteroids split into two groups, roughly defined as equivalent water contents of greater than approx. 7% (eight asteroids) and less than approx. 3 % (the remaining eight asteroids). This latter group includes some asteroids for which there is a small but statistically significant 3-micron band of non-zero depth. The G-class asteroids in the survey have higher water contents, consistent with CM chondrites. This strengthens the connection between CM chondrites and G asteroids that was proposed by Burbine (1998). We find that the 0.7-micron and 3-micron band depths are correlated for the population of target objects.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We have observed the leading and trailing hemispheres of Phobos from 1.65 to 3.5 microns and Deimos from 1.65 to 3.12 microns near opposition. We find the trailing hemisphere of Phobos to be brighter than its leading hemisphere by 0.24 +/- 0.06 magnitude at 1.65 microns and brighter than Deimos by 0.98 +/- 0.07 magnitude at 1.65 microns. We see no difference larger than observational uncertainties in spectral slope between the leading and trailing hemispheres when the spectra are normalized to 1.65 microns. We find no 3-micron absorption feature due to hydrated minerals on either hemisphere to a level of approx. 5-10% on Phobos and approx. 20% on Deimos. When the infrared data are joined to visible and near-IR data obtained by previous workers, our data suggest the leading (Stickney-dominated) side of Phobos is best matched by T-class asteroids. The spectral slope of the trailing side of Phobos and leading side of Deimos are bracketed by the D-class asteroids. The best laboratory spectral matches to these parts of Phobos are mature lunar soils and heated carbonaceous chondrites. The lack of 3-micron absorption features on either side of Phobos argues against the presence of a large interior reservoir of water ice according to current models of Phobos' interior.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 156; 64-75
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: MASTER (Mainbelt Asteroid Exploration/Rendezvous), a Discovery-class orbiter, will carry out a global geological and geochemical survey of Vesta. Primary goals include determining Vesta's mean density and interior structure through detailed mapping of the gravity field, imaging surface morphology at 3-m resolution, mapping mineralogy between 0.4 and 2.5 microns, and determining abundances of key elements through X-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy. Spectroscopic evidence indicates the presence of basaltic lava flows on Vesta and suggests that impact basins may have exposed mantle materials. These possibilities, combined with the likelihood that Vesta is the ultimate source of HED meteorites, makes this asteroid an important target for a comprehensive orbiter mission. MASTER's global survey, combined with ongoing studies of HED meteorites, will be a major step in understanding the chemical, thermal, and geological evolution of Vesta. A particularly attractive opportunity involves a launch in June 2003 with arrival at Vesta in November 2009. The orbital phase of the mission is scheduled to last one year. A flyby of another mainbelt asteroid enroute to Vesta may be possible.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Workshop on Evolution of Igneous Asteroids: Focus on Vesta and the HED Meterorites; Pt. 1; 34; LPI-TR-96-02-Pt-1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: In December 2010, NASA created a Science Definition Team (SDT) for WFIRST, the Wide Field Infra-Red Survey Telescope, recommended by the Astro 2010 Decadal Survey as the highest priority for a large space mission. The SDT was chartered to work with the WFIRST Project Office at GSFC and the Program Office at JPL to produce a Design Reference Mission (DRM) for WFIRST. Part of the original charge was to produce an interim design reference mission by mid-2011. That document was delivered to NASA and widely circulated within the astronomical community. In late 2011 the Astrophysics Division augmented its original charge, asking for two design reference missions. The first of these, DRM1, was to be a finalized version of the interim DRM, reducing overall mission costs where possible. The second of these, DRM2, was to identify and eliminate capabilities that overlapped with those of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (henceforth JWST), ESA's Euclid mission, and the NSF's ground-based Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (henceforth LSST), and again to reduce overall mission cost, while staying faithful to NWNH. This report presents both DRM1 and DRM2.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN8710
    Format: application/pdf
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