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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainties in qualitative testing and analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 346-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1  Members of the working group at the time of publication are as follows: A Williams (Chairman), S Ellison (Secretary), M Berglund, W Haesselbarth, K Hedegaard, R Kaarls, M Mansson, M Rosslein, R Stephany, A van der Veen, W Wegscheider, H van de Wiel, R Wood. The group includes representatives from other bodies as follows: CITAC: Pan Xiu Rong, M Salit, A Squirrell, K Yasuda., AOAC International: R Johnson, Jung-Keun Lee, D Mowrey. IAEA: P De Regge, A Fajgelj. EA: D Galsworthy. It is presented with a view to developing policy and promoting work on the topic. Comments on the content and the issues raised are invited, and should be addressed to the working group secretary (above).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690000212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement uncertainty and its implications for collaborative study method validation and method performance parameters (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 6-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  ISO principles of measurement uncertainty estimation are compared with protocols for method development and validation by collaborative trial and concomitant "top-down" estimation of uncertainty. It is shown that there is substantial commonality between the two procedures. In particular, both require a careful consideration and study of the main effects on the result. Most of the information required to evaluate measurement uncertainty is therefore gathered during the method development and validation process. However, the information is not generally published in sufficient detail at present; recommendations are accordingly made for future reporting of the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050174
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISO uncertainty and collaborative trial data (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement uncertainty ; Collaborative study ; Bias ; Trueness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The possibility of using interlaboratory study repeatability and reproducibility estimates as the basis for measurement uncertainty estimates is discussed. It is argued that collaborative trial reproducibility is an appropriate basis for estimating uncertainty in routine testing provided certain conditions are met by the laboratory. The primary shortcomings relate to establishment of traceability and consequent estimation of bias associated with the method, and quantitatively establishing the relevance to the single laboratory. Approaches to resolving both difficulties are proposed, the former via full implementation of trueness determination suggested in ISO 5725 : 1994 or by independent checks on individual accuracy and precision, the latter via a reconciliation procedure. The paper also discusses other factors including sampling and sample pre-treatment, change in sample matrix, and the influence of level of analyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating measurement uncertainty: reconciliation using a cause and effect approach (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement uncertainty ; Validation ; Reconciliation ; Cause and effect analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A strategy is presented for applying existing data and planning necessary additional experiments for uncertainty estimation. The strategy has two stages: identifying and structuring the input effects, followed by an explicit reconciliation stage to assess the degree to which information available meets the requirement and thus identify factors requiring further study. A graphical approach to identifying and structuring the input effects on a measurement result is presented. The methodology promotes consistent identification of important effects, and permits effective application of prior data with minimal risk of duplication or omission. The results of applying the methodology are discussed, with particular reference to the use of planned recovery and precision studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050198
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaluation of measurement uncertainty from method validation studies (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 104-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement uncertainty ; Method validation ; Precision ; Trueness ; Ruggedness ; High performance liquid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A protocol has been developed illustrating the link between validation experiments and measurement uncertainty evaluation. The application of the protocol is illustrated with reference to a method for the determination of three markers (CI solvent red 24, quinizarin and CI solvent yellow 124) in fuel oil samples. The method requires the extraction of the markers from the sample matrix by solid phase extraction followed by quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. The uncertainties for the determination of the markers were evaluated using data from precision and trueness studies using representative sample matrices spiked at a range of concentrations, and from ruggedness studies of the extraction and HPLC stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050022
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Legislative limits below detection capability1 (2000)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Detection limit ; Compliance ; Regulation ; Paper and pulp mills
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  A study of contaminant emission data collected for paper and pulp mills in the United Kingdom over a 1-year period is presented. For most sites and analytes, the data could not demonstrate positive compliance with absolute emission limits to water in the 1 g range in large (million tonne) effluent streams, even though some sites were apparently removing contaminants from their water supply. The implications are discussed, with particular reference to the implications of results quoted at 'detection limits' or 'reporting limits'.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690000183
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  • 7
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    Comparison of Representative and Custom Methods of Generating Core Subsets of a Carrot Germplasm Collection (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0011-183X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0653
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    The chemistry of the most metal-rich damped Lyman {alpha} systems at z ~ 2 - II. Context with the Local Group (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-14
    Description: Using our sample of the most metal-rich damped Lyman α systems (DLAs) at z abs  ~ 2, and two literature compilations of chemical abundances in 341 DLAs and 2818 stars, we present an analysis of the chemical composition of DLAs in the context of the Local Group. The metal-rich sample of DLAs at z abs  ~ 2 probes metallicities as high as the Galactic disc and the most metal-rich dwarf spheroidals (dSphs), permitting an analysis of many elements typically observed in DLAs (Fe, Zn, Cr, Mn, Si, and S) in comparison to stellar abundances observed in the Galaxy and its satellites (in particular dSphs). Our main conclusions are: (1) non-solar [Zn/Fe] abundances in metal-poor Galactic stars and in dSphs over the full metallicity range probed by DLAs, suggest that Zn is not a simple proxy for Fe in DLAs and therefore not a suitable indicator of dust depletion. After correcting for dust depletion, the majority of DLAs have subsolar [Zn/Fe] similar to dSphs; (2) at [Fe/H] ~ –0.5, a constant [Mn/Fe]~–0.5 and near-solar [α/Fe] (requiring an assumption about dust depletion) are in better agreement with dwarf galaxies than Galactic disc stars; (3) [α/Zn] is usually solar or subsolar in DLAs. However, although low ratios of [α/Fe] are usually considered more ‘dwarf-like’ than ‘Milky Way-like’, subsolar [Zn/Fe] in Local Group dwarfs leads to supersolar [α/Zn] in the dSphs, in contrast with the DLAs. Therefore, whilst DLAs exhibit some similarities with the Local Group dwarf population, there are also notable differences.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - XI. A new method for measuring the influence of the closest companion out to wide separations (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: We describe a statistical approach for measuring the influence that a galaxy's closest companion has on the galaxy's properties out to arbitrarily wide separations. We begin by identifying the closest companion for every galaxy in a large spectroscopic sample of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. We then characterize the local environment of each galaxy by using the number of galaxies within 2 Mpc and by determining the isolation of the galaxy pair from other neighbouring galaxies. We introduce a sophisticated algorithm for creating a statistical control sample for each galaxy, matching on stellar mass, redshift, local density and isolation. Unlike traditional studies of close galaxy pairs, this approach is effective in a wide range of environments, regardless of how faraway the closest companion is (although a very distant closest companion is unlikely to have a measurable influence on the galaxy in question). We apply this methodology to measurements of galaxy asymmetry, and find that the presence of nearby companions drives a clear enhancement in galaxy asymmetries. The asymmetry excess peaks at the smallest projected separations (〈10 kpc), where the mean asymmetry is enhanced by a factor of 2.0 ± 0.2. Enhancements in mean asymmetry decline as pair separation increases, but remain statistically significant (1–2) out to projected separations of at least 50 kpc.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - X. Does gas content alter star formation rate enhancement in galaxy interactions? (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-12
    Description: New spectral line observations, obtained with the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), of a sample of 34 galaxies in 17 close pairs are presented in this paper. The sample of galaxy pairs is selected to contain galaxies in close, major interactions (i.e. projected separations 〈30 $h_{70}^{-1}$ kpc, and mass ratios less extreme than 4:1), while still having a sufficiently large angular separation that the VLA can spatially resolve both galaxies in the pair. Of the 34 galaxies, 17 are detected at 〉3. We compare the H i gas fraction of the galaxies with the triggered star formation present in that galaxy. When compared to the star formation rates (SFRs) of non-pair galaxies matched in mass, redshift, and local environment, we find that the star formation enhancement is weakly positively correlated (~2.5) with H i gas fraction. In order to help understand the physical mechanisms driving this weak correlation, we also present results from a small suite of binary galaxy merger simulations with varying gas fractions. The simulated galaxies indicate that larger initial gas fractions are associated with lower levels of interaction-triggered star formation (relative to an identical galaxy in isolation), but also show that high gas fraction galaxies have higher absolute SFRs prior to an interaction. We show that when interaction-driven SFR enhancements are calculated relative to a galaxy with an average gas fraction for its stellar mass, the relationship between SFR and initial gas fraction dominates over the SFR enhancements driven by the interaction. Simulated galaxy interactions that are matched in stellar mass but not in gas fraction, like our VLA sample, yield the same general positive correlation between SFR enhancement and gas fraction that we observe.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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