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  • 1
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    Population biology of multihost pathogens (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-16
    Description: The majority of pathogens, including many of medical and veterinary importance, can infect more than one species of host. Population biology has yet to explain why perceived evolutionary advantages of pathogen specialization are, in practice, outweighed by those of generalization. Factors that predispose pathogens to generalism include high levels of genetic diversity and abundant opportunities for cross-species transmission, and the taxonomic distributions of generalists and specialists appear to reflect these factors. Generalism also has consequences for the evolution of virulence and for pathogen epidemiology, making both much less predictable. The evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of generalism are so finely balanced that even closely related pathogens can have very different host range sizes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woolhouse, M E -- Taylor, L H -- Haydon, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1109-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. mark.woolhouse@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; Disease Vectors ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Humans ; Infection/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission/*virology ; Mutation/genetics ; Parasites/genetics/physiology ; Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission ; Species Specificity ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dynamics of the 2001 UK foot and mouth epidemic: stochastic dispersal in a heterogeneous landscape (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Foot-and-mouth is one of the world's most economically important livestock diseases. We developed an individual farm-based stochastic model of the current UK epidemic. The fine grain of the epidemiological data reveals the infection dynamics at an unusually high spatiotemporal resolution. We show that the spatial distribution, size, and species composition of farms all influence the observed pattern and regional variability of outbreaks. The other key dynamical component is long-tailed stochastic dispersal of infection, combining frequent local movements with occasional long jumps. We assess the history and possible duration of the epidemic, the performance of control strategies, and general implications for disease dynamics in space and time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keeling, M J -- Woolhouse, M E -- Shaw, D J -- Matthews, L -- Chase-Topping, M -- Haydon, D T -- Cornell, S J -- Kappey, J -- Wilesmith, J -- Grenfell, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):813-7. Epub 2001 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. matt@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Disease Susceptibility/veterinary ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Models, Biological ; *Models, Statistical ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/transmission ; Space-Time Clustering ; Stochastic Processes ; Vaccination/veterinary ; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Distinguishable epidemics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in different hosts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: The global epidemic of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 provides an important example, both in terms of the agent and its resistance, of a widely disseminated zoonotic pathogen. Here, with an unprecedented national collection of isolates collected contemporaneously from humans and animals and including a sample of internationally derived isolates, we have used whole-genome sequencing to dissect the phylogenetic associations of the bacterium and its antimicrobial resistance genes through the course of an epidemic. Contrary to current tenets supporting a single homogeneous epidemic, we demonstrate that the bacterium and its resistance genes were largely maintained within animal and human populations separately and that there was limited transmission, in either direction. We also show considerable variation in the resistance profiles, in contrast to the largely stable bacterial core genome, which emphasizes the critical importance of integrated genotypic data sets in understanding the ecology of bacterial zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012302/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012302/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mather, A E -- Reid, S W J -- Maskell, D J -- Parkhill, J -- Fookes, M C -- Harris, S R -- Brown, D J -- Coia, J E -- Mulvey, M R -- Gilmour, M W -- Petrovska, L -- de Pinna, E -- Kuroda, M -- Akiba, M -- Izumiya, H -- Connor, T R -- Suchard, M A -- Lemey, P -- Mellor, D J -- Haydon, D T -- Thomson, N R -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 260864/European Research Council/International -- AI107034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HG006139/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI107034/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086887/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG006139/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1514-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1240578. Epub 2013 Sep 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24030491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/*genetics ; Epidemics ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*classification/drug effects/genetics ; Zoonoses/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Revived species: where will they live? (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hopcraft, J Grant C -- Borner, Markus -- Haydon, Daniel T -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):608. doi: 10.1038/493608b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology/*methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; Endangered Species/*statistics & numerical data ; *Extinction, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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