Publication Date:
2015-08-14
Description:
Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are active, resourceful predators with a rich behavioural repertoire. They have the largest nervous systems among the invertebrates and present other striking morphological innovations including camera-like eyes, prehensile arms, a highly derived early embryogenesis and a remarkably sophisticated adaptive colouration system. To investigate the molecular bases of cephalopod brain and body innovations, we sequenced the genome and multiple transcriptomes of the California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides. We found no evidence for hypothesized whole-genome duplications in the octopus lineage. The core developmental and neuronal gene repertoire of the octopus is broadly similar to that found across invertebrate bilaterians, except for massive expansions in two gene families previously thought to be uniquely enlarged in vertebrates: the protocadherins, which regulate neuronal development, and the C2H2 superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors. Extensive messenger RNA editing generates transcript and protein diversity in genes involved in neural excitability, as previously described, as well as in genes participating in a broad range of other cellular functions. We identified hundreds of cephalopod-specific genes, many of which showed elevated expression levels in such specialized structures as the skin, the suckers and the nervous system. Finally, we found evidence for large-scale genomic rearrangements that are closely associated with transposable element expansions. Our analysis suggests that substantial expansion of a handful of gene families, along with extensive remodelling of genome linkage and repetitive content, played a critical role in the evolution of cephalopod morphological innovations, including their large and complex nervous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albertin, Caroline B -- Simakov, Oleg -- Mitros, Therese -- Wang, Z Yan -- Pungor, Judit R -- Edsinger-Gonzales, Eric -- Brenner, Sydney -- Ragsdale, Clifton W -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- R03 HD056094/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R03HD064887/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- S10RR027303/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- S10RR029668/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD055164/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000430/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 13;524(7564):220-4. doi: 10.1038/nature14668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; 1] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 9040495, Japan [2] Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; 1] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 9040495, Japan [2] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 9040495, Japan. ; 1] Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA [2] Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. ; 1] Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 9040495, Japan [2] Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [3] Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animal Structures/*anatomy & histology/*metabolism
;
Animals
;
Cadherins/genetics
;
DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics
;
DNA Transposable Elements/genetics
;
Decapodiformes/genetics
;
*Evolution, Molecular
;
Genome/*genetics
;
Genomics
;
Ion Channels/genetics/metabolism
;
Nervous System/*anatomy & histology/metabolism
;
Octopodiformes/*anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics
;
Organ Specificity
;
Phylogeny
;
RNA Editing/genetics
;
RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
;
Species Specificity
;
Transcription Factors/genetics
;
Zinc Fingers
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
Permalink
