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  • Astrophysics  (56)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (40)
  • Instrumentation and Photography  (30)
  • Geophysics  (13)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An inexpensive, laboratory-based, strain gauge valve gape monitor (SGM) was developed to monitor the valve gape behavior of bivalve molluscs in response to diel-cycling hypoxia. A Wheatstone bridge was connected to strain gauges that were attached to the shells of oysters (Crassostrea virginica). The recorded signals allowed for the opening and closing of the bivalves to be recorded continuously over two-day periods of experimentally-induced diel-cycling hypoxia and diel-cycling changes in pH. Here, we describe a protocol for developing an inexpensive strain gauge monitor and describe, in an example laboratory experiment, how we used it to measure the valve gape behavior of Eastern oysters (C. virginica), in response to diel-cycling hypoxia and cyclical changes in pH. Valve gape was measured on oysters subjected to cyclical severe hypoxic (0.6 mg/L) dissolved oxygen conditions with and without cyclical changes in pH, cyclical mild hypoxic (1.7 mg/L) conditions and normoxic (7.3 mg/L) conditions. We demonstrate that when oysters encounter repeated diel cycles, they rapidly close their shells in response to severe hypoxia and close with a time lag to mild hypoxia. When normoxia is restored, they rapidly open again. Oysters did not respond to cyclical pH conditions superimposed on diel cycling severe hypoxia. At reduced oxygen conditions, more than one third of the oysters closed simultaneously. We demonstrate that oysters respond to diel-cycling hypoxia, which must be considered when assessing the behavior of bivalves to dissolved oxygen. The valve SGM can be used to assess responses of bivalve molluscs to changes in dissolved oxygen or contaminants. Sealing techniques to better seal the valve gape strain gauges from sea water need further improvement to increase the longevity of the sensors.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN54019 , Journal of Visualized Experiments (e-ISSN 1940-087X); 138
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural investigation of the products arising from 28 days incubation of albumin with high glucose concentration and further enzymatic hydrolysis has been carried out by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) under plasmaspray conditions. By this approach many different compounds have been detected, and for most of them, possible structures have been proposed on the basis of literature data and molecular weight assignments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 1 (1987), S. 57-59 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 142-145 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 717-718 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical weapons use, although prohibited by the 1925 Geneva Protocol, has been reported in several armed conflicts including the Iran/Iraq war. The use of these weapons during this conflict and the concern over possible use of chemical warfare (CW) agents during the Persian Gulf war has heightened international awareness and prompted many nations to pursue with incresed vigour the signature of a new Chemical Weapons Convention. The most recent draft of the Chemical Weapons Convention contains a number of provisions aimed at developing a treaty that will enable nations to ensure compliance by all signatory nations. Compliance monitoring will be required in a number of scenarios, including the verification of alleged use, the storage and destruction of chemical weapons stocks and ensuring that industrial sites are not illegally producing CW agents. It follows from this draft treaty that compliance monitoring will require a high level of sophisticated analytical support to ensure the establishment of an enforceable treaty. The United Nations Conference on Disarmament therefore formed a multi-national Technical Group on Instrumentation to address the analytical challenges confronting signatory nations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 14 (1980), S. 534-535 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR of fourteen spiro cyclic glycidic esters and two amides have been investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 735-738 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The apperrance of peaks at non-integral masses in linked scans, where the ratio B/E is kept constant, is shown to be caused by fragmentations of metastable ions occuring in the region between the magnetic and electric sectors. A formula is given for calculating the mass of the parent metastable ion and that of its daughter ion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 15 (1980), S. 564-567 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization and assignment of the products of metastable decompositions which are transmitted by a double focusing mass spectrometer, is often complicated by the inability to measure precisely the parent/daughter ion mass values directly from the spectra which appear on chart paper. This is often because there are considerably fewer peaks in these types of spectra compared with a normal mass spectrum obtained from high energy reactions in the ion source. Electronic circuits are described which permit accurate parent/daughter ion mass values to be obtained when the products of metastable decompositions are transmitted through the ZAB-2F double focusing mass spectrometer. Digital logic circuitry is also described which is used to mark mass values during a scan by driving either a solenoid pen drive unit for a chart recorder or a galvanometer on a multi-range ultraviolet oscillograph recorder.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 62-67 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Method is presented whereby product organic ions formed as the result of fragmentation of metastable ions can be selected on the basis of their internal energies. The method requires requires angular collimation of the beam of reactant ions issuing from the ion source and that the fragmentation of the metastable ions is studied in the first field free region of a reversed geometry double focusing mass spectrometer. The product ions that make up the metastable peak are allowed to fall on the intermediate resolving slit and, by adjusting the magnet current over a small range, ions contained in different regions of the peak can be allowed into the second field free region. It is shown that the position of an ion within the metastable peak correlates with its internal energy, ions near the edges of the peak being the least excited. The ions entering the second field free region can be investigated by collisional activation. This has been done for molecular ions of p-chlorophenol, methylbenzoate, benzaldehyde, m-chlorotoluene and n-butane. The in which the collision induced fragmentation pattern varies with internal energy of the ions is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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