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  • General Chemistry  (8)
  • chemical vapour transport  (5)
  • Aluminium(III)-sulfate  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 719-719 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 77 (1965), S. 1082-1083 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 28-41 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Niobpentoxid kristallisiert in zahlreichen Modifikationen. Die Arbeit bringt einen Überblick, insbesondere über die Bildungsweisen, die Strukturen und das thermische Verhalten.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; manganese oxoniobate, MnNb2O6 ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. II. The Chemical Vapour Transport of MnNb2O6 with Cl2 or NH4Cl. Experiments and CalculationsCrystals of MnNb2O6 were obtained by chemical transport reactions in a temperature gradient (1020°C → 960 °C) using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or NH4Cl as transport agent. As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of MnNb2O6 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the endothermic equilibrium (1).The endothermic reaction (2) is responsible for the migration of MnNb2O6 if NH4Cl is used as transport agent.Assuming ΔH°298(MnNb2O6, s) = -567.6 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamic calculations and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Kristalle von MnNb2O6 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder NH4Cl als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C → 960° C) abscheiden. Wie thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, ist für den Transport mit Cl2 das endotherme Gleichgewicht (1) bestimmend.Bei Zugabe von NH4Cl ist die endotherme Reaktion (2) für die Wanderung von MnNb2O6 im Temperaturgradienten verantwortlich.Experimente und Modellrechnungen stimmen gut überein, wenn δBH°298(MnNb2O6, f) zu -567, 6 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 699-710 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chromium oxide chlorides ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Chemical Transport of CrOCl and Cr2O3 - Experiments and Model Calculations for Participation of CrOCl2,g.The migration of CrOCl in a temperature gradient (600°C→500°C) in the presence of chlorine is a result from an endothermic reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2{\rm CrOCl}_{\rm s} \, + \,2{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, = \,{\rm CrO}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, + \,{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 4,g}} $$\end{document}.Above T2 = 900°C several reactions are super imposed and Cr2O3, the product of the decomposition of CrOCl, migrates following the endothermic reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Cr}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 3,s}} \, + \,3{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 4,g}} \, = \,3{\rm CrOCl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, + \,2{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 3,g}} $$\end{document}.By continously monitoring the mass changes during the complete duration of the experiment the consecutive stationary deposition reactions could be registered separately and nonstationary changes in the gasphase could be recognized.The observed decomposition of solid CrOCl into Cr2O3,s as well as CrCl3,g under equilibrium conditions is in accordance with thermochemical calculations assuming the heat of formation of CrOCl to be ΔBH298o = - 135.3 ± 2 [kcal/mol]. Using this value the chemical transport of CrOCl with Cl2, HCl, and HgCl2 can be described.
    Notes: CrOCl wandert bei Zugabe von Chlor im Temperaturgefälle von T2 = 600°C nach T1 = 500°C über das endotherme Gleichgewicht \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2{\rm CrOCl}_{\rm s} \, + \,2{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, = \,{\rm CrO}_{\rm 2} {\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, + \,{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 4,g}} $$\end{document} in die kältere Zone. Oberhalb von T2 = 900°C überlagern sich mehrere Vorgänge, dabei wandert Cr2O3,s, das Zerfallsprodukt von CrOCls, über das endotherme Transportgleichgewicht \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Cr}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 3,s}} \, + \,3{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 4,g}} \, = \,3{\rm CrOCl}_{{\rm 2,g}} \, + \,2{\rm CrCl}_{{\rm 3,g}} $$\end{document}.Durch kontinuierliche Messung der Massenänderungen während der Versuchsdauer konnten die aufeinander folgenden stationären Abscheidungsvorgänge separiert und nichtstationäre übergänge erkannt werden.Anhand von thermodynamischen Modellrechnungen zum Zerfall von CrOCl in Chrom(III)-oxid und gasförmiges Chrom(III)-chlorid wurde die Bildungsenthalpie von CrOCl zu ΔBH298o = - 135,3 ± 2 [kcal/mol] eingegrenzt. Damit lassen sich die Bodenkörperverhältnisse sowie der chemische Transport von CrOCl mit Cl2, HCl und HgCl2 gut beschreiben.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1530-1542 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chromium oxide ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Chemical Transport of Cr2O3 with Cl2 and with HgCl2  -  Experiments and Model CalculationsThe migration of Cr2O3 in a temperature gradient (1 000°C → 900°C) in the presence of low concentrations of chlorine and water (from the wall of silica ampoules) is a result from the endothermic reactions (1) Cr2O3,s + H2Og + 3 Cl2,g = 2 CrO2Cl2,g + 2 HClg (2) Cr2O3,s + 1/2 O2,g + 2 Cl2,g = 2 CrO2Cl2,g With higher concentrations of chlorine, the transport reaction is (3) Cr2O3,s + 5/2 Cl2,g = 3/2 CrO2Cl2,g + 1/2 CrCl4,g The gas phase of the transport system Cr2O3/Cl2 can be reduced step by step by adding small amounts of chromium, so that CrCl3 and finally also CrCl2 become more important. Further, at a lower ratio n°(Cl)/n°(Cr) three transport reactions have to be taken into consideration; with the participation of CrOCl2,g (5).(4) Cr2O3,s + 9/2 CrCl4,g = 3/2 CrO2Cl2,g + 5 CrCl3,g (5) Cr2O3,s + 3 CrCl4,g = 3 CrOCl2,g + 2 CrCl3,g (6) Cr2O3,s + H2,g + 4 HClg = 2 CrCl2,g + 3 H2Og The reactions (1), (2) and (6) become possible through the cooperation of two transport agents at a time. The migration of Cr2O3 with HgCl2 can also be described with reactions (1) - (3). The decomposition of HgCl2 Produces the small chlorine pressure for the transport reaction. The oxidation potential of the transport agent HgCl2 is too low for the oxidation of CrIII to CrVI.
    Notes: Cr2O3 wandert bei Zugabe von Chlor im Temperaturgefälle von T2 = 1 000°C nach T1 = 900°C im Falle niedriger Transportmitteldichten und der Anwesenheit von H2O (aus der Ampullenwand) über die endothermen Transportgleichgewichte (1) Cr2O3,s + H2Og + 3 Cl2,g = 2 CrO2Cl2,g + 2 HClg (2) Cr2O3,s + 1/2 O2,g + 2 Cl2,g = 2 CrO2Cl2,g und bei höheren Transportmitteldichten über: (3) Cr2O3,s + 5/2 Cl2,g = 3/2 CrO2Cl2,g + 1/2 CrCl4,g Durch Zusatz von elementarem Cr zum Transportsystem Cr2O3/Cl2 läßt sich die Gasphase schrittweise reduzieren, sodaß CrCl3 und schließlich auch CrCl2 an Bedeutung gewinnt. Mit abnehmendem Verhältnis n°(Cl)/n°(Cr) sind drei weitere Transportgleichgewichte zu berücksichtigen; dabei tritt auch CrOCl2,g auf: (4) Cr2O3,s + 9/2 CrCl4,g = 3/2 CrO2Cl2,g + 5 CrCl3,g (5) Cr2O3,s + 3 CrCl4,g = 3 CrOCl2,g + 2 CrCl3,g (6) Cr2O3,s + H2,g + 4 HClg = 2 CrCl2,g + 3 H2Og Die Reaktionen Gl. (1), (2) und (6) werden durch das Zusammenwirken von jeweils zwei Transportmitteln („Transportmittelkombination“) ermöglicht. Der Transport von Cr2O3 mit HgCl2 ist ebenfalls auf Gl. (1) - (3) zurückzuführen; die in diesem Fall niedrigeren Cl2-Partialdrücke liefert der thermische Zerfall von HgCl2. Das Oxidationsvermögen des Transportmittels HgCl2 reicht nicht aus, um CrIII zu CrVI zu oxidieren.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Aluminium(III)-sulfate ; Chemical Transport ; Thermodynamical Calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Sulfates. XV. The Chemical Vapour Transport of Al2(SO4)3 with SOCl2. Experiments and CalculationsWell shaped crystals (cubical or rectangular parallelepiped respectively) of rhombohedral Al2(SO4)3 can be grown in the less hot zone of a closed silica ampoule by means of chemical (vapour) transport using SOCl2 as transport agent in endothermal transport reactions. The influence of the mean transport temperature as well as the concentration of the transport agent on the deposition rates was investigated. We also tried to describe this transport system on the basis of thermochemical calculations.
    Notes: Gut ausgebildete Kristalle (würfel- bzw. quaderförmig) von rhomboedrischem Al2(SO4)3 wurden mit SOCl2 als Transportmittel im Temperaturgradienten (z. B. 625→525°C) auf der weniger heißen Seite einer Quarzglasampulle abgeschieden. Der Einfluß der Temperatur sowie der Transportmittelkonzentration auf die Abscheidungsraten wurde untersucht. Eine Interpretation des beobachteten, auf endotherme Reaktionen zurückzuführenden Transportverhaltens wird mit Hilfe thermodynamischer Modellrechnungen gegeben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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