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  • Abutilon  (3)
  • Pot size  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth consequences of plasticity of plant traits in response to light conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 508-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plasticity ; Growth rate ; Photosynthesis ; Abutilon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We present a method for quantifying the growth advantage, if any, that results from the plasticity of plant traits in response to growth in high vs. low resource levels. The method, which uses two phenotypes and two resource levels, quantifies the average advantage that a phenotype has, in its own set of conditions, over the other phenotype. The method is applied to the growth of two phenotypes of Abutilon theophrasti, induced by high and low light intensity, in response to two levels of incident light intensity. We calculated the growth advantage first using relative growth rate, and second using whole-plant photosynthetic assimilation rate, as the response variable. Then we used the photosynthetic responses to changes in light intensity to calculate changes in growth rates of each phenotype when exposed to a change in light conditions. These three quantifications of growth advantage broadly agree with one another. Despite the great plasticity of its traits induced by growth in high vs. low light intensity, whole-plant plasticity did not allow Abutilon theophrasti to exhibit a significant growth advantage under these conditions. Indeed, the relative growth rate of the low light phenotype greatly exceeded that of the high light phenotype in high incident light conditions. This may have resulted from the higher leaf area ratio of the low light phenotype. Furthermore, the high light phenotype had significantly greater transpiration rate in both light conditions. For these reasons we suggest that light-induced plasticity of traits in Abutilon theophrasti may confer advantage in response to the variation in vapor pressure deficit that is associated with variation in light intensity. Light-induced plasticity may also be advantageous because under high incident light conditions the high-light phenotype has greater reproductive allocation than the low-light phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population niche structure (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Abutilon ; Biomass ; Reproduction ; Light Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The response of twenty maternal families of the annual Abutilon theophrasti to two resource gradients, nutrient and light, was investigated. The structure of the population niche for both biomass and reproductive output was found to be quite different on the two gradients. On the light gradient there was a great diversity of responses among the families while on the nutrient gradient the families responded in a similar manner. On both gradients the plants showed a significant genotype/environment interaction. Three strategies for the production of seed variation have been proposed-all offspring are adapted to the same restricted environment, each offspring of an individual is adapted to a particular environment somewhat different thant that of its siblings, and all the offspring are able to grow in a wide range of environments. We found evidence for all three of these strategies amongst the families. The range of responses seen amongst families (of the same species) in this study was as broad as that found in previous studies among species of the old field annual community to which Abutilon theophrasti belongs. This has significant implications to the nature of competitive interactions and to the evolution of differential resource use in plant populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379281
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated CO2 alters deployment of roots in “small” growth containers (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 94 (1993), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: CO2 ; Nutrients ; Pot size ; Root deployment ; Root restriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previously we examined how limited rooting space and nutrient supply influenced plant growth under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (McConnaughay et al. 1993). We demonstrated that plant growth enhancement under elevated CO2 was influenced more by the concentration of nutrients added to growth containers than to either the total nutrient content per pot or amount or the dimensions of available rooting space. To gain insight into how elevated CO2 atmospheres affect how plants utilize available belowground space when rooting space and nutrient supply are limited we measured the deployment of roots within pots through time. Contrary to aboveground responses, patterns of belowground deployment were most strongly influenced by elevated CO2 in pots of different volume and shape. Further, elevated CO2 conditions interacted differently with limited belowground space for the two species we studied,Abutilon theophrasti, a C3 dicot with a deep taproot, andSetaria faberii, a C4 monocot with a shallow fibrous root system. ForSetaria, elevated CO2 increased the size of the largest region of low root density at the pot surface in larger rooting volumes independent of nutrient content, thereby decreasing their efficiency of deployment. ForAbutilon, plants responded to elevated CO2 concentrations by equalizing the pattern of deployment in all the pots. Nutrient concentration, and not pot size or shape, greatly influenced the density of root growth. Root densities forAbutilon andSetaria were similar to those observed in field conditions, for annual dicots and monocots respectively, suggesting that studies using pots may successfully mimic natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations to CO2-induced growth enhancement in pot studies (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 94 (1993), S. 550-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Elevated CO2 ; Growth enhancement ; Nutrients ; Pot size ; Root restriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently, it has been suggested that small pots may reduce or eliminate plant responses to enriched CO2 atmospheres due to root restriction. While smaller pot volumes provide less physical space available for root growth, they also provide less nutrients. Reduced nutrient availability alone may reduce growth enhancement under elevated CO2. To investigate the relative importance of limited physical rooting space separate from and in conjunction with soil nutrients, we grew plants at ambient and double-ambient CO2 levels in growth containers of varied volume, shape, nutrient concentration, and total nutrient content. Two species (Abutilon theophrasti, a C3 dicot with a deep tap root andSetaria faberii, a C4 monocot with a shallow diffuse root system) were selected for their contrasting physiology and root architecture. Shoot demography was determined weekly and biomass was determined after eight and ten weeks of growth. Increasing total nutrients, either by increasing nutrient concentration or by increasing pot size, increased plant growth. Further, increasing pot size while maintaining equal total nutrients per pot resulted in increased total biomass for both species. CO2-induced growth and reproductive yield enhancements were greatest in pots with high nutrient concentrations, regardless of total nutrient content or pot size, and were also mediated by the shape of the pot. CO2-induced growth and reproductive yield enhancements were unaffected by pot size (growth) or were greater in small pots (reproductive yield), regardless of total nutrient content, contrary to predictions based on earlier studies. These results suggest that several aspects of growth conditions within pots may influence the CO2 responses of plants; pot size, pot shape, the concentration and total amount of nutrient additions to pots may lead to over-or underestimates of the CO2 responses of real-world plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566971
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of plasticity of plant traits in response to light intensity: comparing phenotypes at a common weight (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 502-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plasticity ; Light intensity ; Allocation ; Abutilon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plasticity of plant traits is commonly quantified by comparing different phenotypes at the same age. In this paper, we present a method in which the effect of resource conditions on plant weight is used as a basis for quantifying the plasticity of individual plant traits. Abutilon theophrasti individuals were grown in, and some transferred between, high and low intensity light conditions, resulting in four phenotypes. Plant traits were found to exhibit different degrees of plasticity, decreasing in this order: height; specific leaf area; allocation to branch roots; allocation to leaf area; number of nodes; allocation to tap roots; allocation to stem; allocation to leaf weight. Under these conditions, individuals of the four phenotypes had very similar heights when compared at the same age, but very different heights when compared at the same plant weight. The latter comparison indicates that light intensity influences height independently of its influence on plant weight. Individuals that were transferred from high to low light had greater allocation that had not been transferred, but individuals of all phenotypes had nearly the same leaf weight allocation when compared at the same plant weight. The latter comparison indicates that light intensity influeces leaf weight allocation mostly by influencing plant weight. In the phenotype resulting from the transfer of plants from low to high light, reproduction was stimulated much less than plant weight and axillary leaf growth, and reproductive allocation was delayed relative to the other three phenotypes. We conclude that when plasticity is measured by comparing phenotypes at the same plant weight, the effects of resources on plant size can be excluded from the quantification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378741
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