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  • 1
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    Liquefaction susceptibility assessment in fluvial plains using airborne lidar: the case of the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence area (Italy) (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-05
    Description: We report a case study from the Po River plain region (northern Italy), where significant liquefaction-related land and property damage occurred during the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence.We took advantage of a 1m pixel lidar digital terrain model (DTM) and of the 2012 Emilia coseismic liquefaction data set to (a) perform a detailed geomorphological study of the Po River plain area and (b) quantitatively define the liquefaction susceptibility of the geomorphologic features that experienced different abundance of liquefaction. One main finding is that linear topographic highs of fluvial origin – together with crevasse splays, abandoned riverbeds and very young land reclamation areas – acted as a preferential location for the occurrence of liquefaction phenomena. Moreover, we quantitatively defined a hierarchy in terms of liquefaction susceptibility for an ideal fluvial environment. We observed that a very high liquefaction susceptibility is found in coincidence with fluvial landforms, a high-tomoderate liquefaction susceptibility within a buffer distance of 100 and 200m from mapped fluvial landforms and a low liquefaction susceptibility outside fluvial landforms and relative buffer areas. Lidar data allowed a significant improvement in mapping with respect to conventionally available topographic data and/or aerial imagery. These results have significant implications for accurate hazard and risk assessment as well as for land-use planning. We propose a simple geomorphological approach for liquefaction susceptibility estimation. Our findings can be applied to areas beyond Emilia that are characterized by similar fluvial-dominated environments and prone to significant seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2473–2483
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Liquefaction ; Emilia earthquake ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Coseismic ruptures of the 24 August 2016, Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake (central Italy) (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-22
    Description: On 24 August 2016, a Mw 6.0 normal-faulting earthquake struck central Italy, causing about 300 fatalities and heavy damage. A geological survey collected the coseismic effects observed at the surface in order to evaluate two competing hypotheses about their nature: surface faulting versus gravitational deformation. We find that the most significant geological effect is a 5.2 km long alignment of ground ruptures along the Mount Vettore Fault System. These ruptures are independent from lithology, topography, morphology, and change in slope and exhibit an average dip-slip displacement of ~13 cm. Geometry, kinematics, and dimensional properties of this zone of deformation strongly lead us to favor the primary surface faulting hypothesis that fits well the predicted estimates from experimental scaling law relationships. Our study provides relevant hints for surface faulting in extensional domains, contributing to implement the worldwide database of the moderate earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2138–2147
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 2T. Sorgente Sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: coseismic effects ; surface faulting ; Amatrice ; Active tectonics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    22‐kyr‐Long Record of Surface Faulting Along the Source of the 30 October 2016 Earthquake (Central Apennines, Italy), From Integrated Paleoseismic Data Sets (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-05
    Description: We integrate paleoseismic data sets along the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault system rupturing at the surface in the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake. Through the analysis of new trenches from this work and a review of the preexisting data, we correlate events among trench sites along antithetic and synthetic fault splays. We recognize seven M 6.5, 2016 Norcia‐type (or larger) surface‐faulting events in the last ~22 kyr, including 2016. Before 2016, one event occurred in the past two millennia (260–575 CE) and possibly corresponds to the event damaging Rome in 443 or 484/508 CE. Three previous events occurred between 10590 and 415 BCE, whereas the two oldest ones date between 19820 and 16540 BCE. The average recurrence time is 3,360–3,640 years for the last ~22 kyr and 1,220–1,970 years for the last ~4 kyr. We infer a minimum dip‐slip rate of 0.26–0.38 mm/year on the master fault in the central portion of the Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove normal fault system and a dip‐slip rate of at least 0.10 mm/year on the southernmost portion. We infer a Middle–Late Pleistocene inception of the long‐term scarp of the investigated splays. The along‐strike variation of slip rates well reproduces the trend of the 2016 surface slip; thus, the time window exposed in the trenches is representative for the present fault activity. Based on trenching data, different earthquake rupture scenarios should be also considered for local hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9021-9048
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: We integrate paleoseismic datasets along the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault system rupturing on 30 October 2016, M6.5, Norcia Earthquake ; Seven surface faulting events ruptured the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove fault system in the past ~22 kyr ; Paleoseismologic slip rates, recurrence intervals, and rupture scenarios contribute to the understanding of seismogenic processes in central Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Modeling of earthquake chronology from paleoseismic data: Insights for regional earthquake recurrence and earthquake storms in the Central Apennines (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-13
    Description: Among the geologic data, trenching records of paleoearthquakes represent an important input for the development of seismic hazard evaluations and, specifically, for the characterization of fault rupture behavior in time. Based on the available paleoseismological trenching data in the Central Apennines we have compiled a new database of surface faulting earthquakes for 10 faults. The compilation contains 109 surface faulting events, occurred in the past ~28 kyr. Events younger than 7 kyr (59 dated events) are much better constrained and, therefore, are the basis for most of the analyses. Through a quantitative multistep method, we integrate paleoseismic trench data and treat them statistically, providing relevant improvement needed for trenching-based seismic hazard evaluation. Indeed, the combined analysis of trenching data from multiple sites on the same fault led to a reduction of the approximations and uncertainties in the rupture history of individual faults. The procedure was also applied on specific fault systems and indicated that the single faults may have occasionally ruptured simultaneously, or close in time, in the past. The whole set of age ranges was also statistically analyzed to produce regional earthquake scenarios for a period much longer than the millennial historical record. The built scenarios for the last 7 kyr define a regional mean inter event time (IET) of 230-240 yr, comparable with the average recurrence time of about 200 yr, considering the number of events in time. We also identify the possible occurrence of earthquake storms, i.e., concentration of surface faulting earthquakes in the region within time periods of 200 yr, suggesting a variability in time of the seismic behavior of the faults, with alternation of peaks of activity with more “quiet” periods. Even though the paleoseismic data from the Apennines contains uncertainties, the results appear quite stable and promising for future applications in earthquake-hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229016
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Paleoseismology ; Statistical modeling ; Surface rupture scenarios ; Regional earthquake recurrence ; Earthquake storms ; Central Apennines ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Coseismic effects of the 2016 Amatrice seismic sequence: first geological results (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Since the beginning of the ongoing Amatrice seismic sequence on August 24, 2016, initiated by a Mw 6.0 normal faulting earthquake, the EMERGEO Working Group (an INGV team devoted to earthquake aftermath geological survey) investigated coseismic effects on the natural environment. Up to now, we surveyed about 750 km2 and collected more than 3200 geological observations including differently oriented tectonic fractures together with intermediate- to small- sized landslides. The most impressive coseismic evidence was found along the known active Mt. Vettore fault system, where surface ruptures with clear vertical/horizontal offset were observed for more than 5 km, while unclear and discontinuous coseismic features were recorded along the Laga Mts. Fault systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 4T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: coseismic effects ; surface ruptures ; fractures and faults ; amatrice earthquake ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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