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  • 1
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    Conservation conflicts across Africa (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-03
    Description: There is increasing evidence that areas of outstanding conservation importance may coincide with dense human settlement or impact. We tested the generality of these findings using 1 degree-resolution data for sub-Saharan Africa. We find that human population density is positively correlated with species richness of birds, mammals, snakes, and amphibians. This association holds for widespread, narrowly endemic, and threatened species and looks set to persist in the face of foreseeable population growth. Our results contradict earlier expectations of low conflict based on the idea that species richness decreases and human impact increases with primary productivity. We find that across Africa, both variables instead exhibit unimodal relationships with productivity. Modifying priority-setting to take account of human density shows that, at this scale, conflicts between conservation and development are not easily avoided, because many densely inhabited grid cells contain species found nowhere else.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, A -- Moore, J L -- Brooks, T -- Burgess, N -- Hansen, L A -- Williams, P -- Rahbek, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2616-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; Mammals ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Snakes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Environment. Can we defy nature's end? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, S L -- Ayres, M -- Balmford, A -- Branch, G -- Brandon, K -- Brooks, T -- Bustamante, R -- Costanza, R -- Cowling, R -- Curran, L M -- Dobson, A -- Farber, S -- da Fonseca, G A -- Gascon, C -- Kitching, R -- McNeely, J -- Lovejoy, T -- Mittermeier, R A -- Myers, N -- Patz, J A -- Raffle, B -- Rapport, D -- Raven, P -- Roberts, C -- Rodriguez, J P -- Rylands, A B -- Tucker, C -- Safina, C -- Samper, C -- Stiassny, M L -- Supriatna, J -- Wall, D H -- Wilcove, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, MC 5556, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. StuartPimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Farming and the fate of wild nature (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: World food demand is expected to more than double by 2050. Decisions about how to meet this challenge will have profound effects on wild species and habitats. We show that farming is already the greatest extinction threat to birds (the best known taxon), and its adverse impacts look set to increase, especially in developing countries. Two competing solutions have been proposed: wildlife-friendly farming (which boosts densities of wild populations on farmland but may decrease agricultural yields) and land sparing (which minimizes demand for farmland by increasing yield). We present a model that identifies how to resolve the trade-off between these approaches. This shows that the best type of farming for species persistence depends on the demand for agricultural products and on how the population densities of different species on farmland change with agricultural yield. Empirical data on such density-yield functions are sparse, but evidence from a range of taxa in developing countries suggests that high-yield farming may allow more species to persist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Rhys E -- Cornell, Stephen J -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):550-5. Epub 2004 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. reg29@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Economic reasons for conserving wild nature (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the 10 years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit:cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100:1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bruner, Aaron -- Cooper, Philip -- Costanza, Robert -- Farber, Stephen -- Green, Rhys E -- Jenkins, Martin -- Jefferiss, Paul -- Jessamy, Valma -- Madden, Joah -- Munro, Kat -- Myers, Norman -- Naeem, Shahid -- Paavola, Jouni -- Rayment, Matthew -- Rosendo, Sergio -- Roughgarden, Joan -- Trumper, Kate -- Turner, R Kerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):950-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forestry ; Humans ; Private Sector ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Why conservationists should heed Pokemon (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Clegg, Lizzie -- Coulson, Tim -- Taylor, Jennie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11924673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: The question of how to meet rising food demand at the least cost to biodiversity requires the evaluation of two contrasting alternatives: land sharing, which integrates both objectives on the same land; and land sparing, in which high-yield farming is combined with protecting natural habitats from conversion to agriculture. To test these alternatives, we compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India. More species were negatively affected by agriculture than benefited from it, particularly among species with small global ranges. For both taxa in both countries, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phalan, Ben -- Onial, Malvika -- Balmford, Andrew -- Green, Rhys E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1289-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1208742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Ghana ; India ; Population Density ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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