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  • 1
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    Nonrandom extinction and the loss of evolutionary history (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: The hierarchical nature of phylogenies means that random extinction of species affects a smaller fraction of higher taxa, and so the total amount of evolutionary history lost may be comparatively slight. However, current extinction risk is not phylogenetically random. We show the potentially severe implications of the clumped nature of threat for the loss of biodiversity. An additional 120 avian and mammalian genera are at risk compared with the number predicted under random extinction. We estimate that the prospective extra loss of mammalian evolutionary history alone would be equivalent to losing a monotypic phylum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purvis, A -- Agapow, P M -- Gittleman, J L -- Mace, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. a.purvis@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds ; Carnivora ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Mammals ; Phylogeny ; Primates ; Risk
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Databases tailored for biodiversity conservation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A T -- Boitani, L -- Bibby, C -- Brackett, D -- Corsi, F -- da Fonseca, G A -- Gascon, C -- Dixon, M G -- Hilton-Taylor, C -- Mace, G -- Mittermeier, R A -- Rabinovich, J -- Richardson, B J -- Rylands, A -- Stein, B -- Stuart, S -- Thomsen, J -- Wilson, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2073-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11187830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Computational Biology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Rebuilding global fisheries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Hilborn, Ray -- Baum, Julia K -- Branch, Trevor A -- Collie, Jeremy S -- Costello, Christopher -- Fogarty, Michael J -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Hutchings, Jeffrey A -- Jennings, Simon -- Jensen, Olaf P -- Lotze, Heike K -- Mace, Pamela M -- McClanahan, Tim R -- Minto, Coilin -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Parma, Ana M -- Ricard, Daniel -- Rosenberg, Andrew A -- Watson, Reg -- Zeller, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):578-85. doi: 10.1126/science.1173146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology ; Internationality ; Marine Biology ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Beyond predictions: biodiversity conservation in a changing climate (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-02
    Description: Climate change is predicted to become a major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century, but accurate predictions and effective solutions have proved difficult to formulate. Alarming predictions have come from a rather narrow methodological base, but a new, integrated science of climate-change biodiversity assessment is emerging, based on multiple sources and approaches. Drawing on evidence from paleoecological observations, recent phenological and microevolutionary responses, experiments, and computational models, we review the insights that different approaches bring to anticipating and managing the biodiversity consequences of climate change, including the extent of species' natural resilience. We introduce a framework that uses information from different sources to identify vulnerability and to support the design of conservation responses. Although much of the information reviewed is on species, our framework and conclusions are also applicable to ecosystems, habitats, ecological communities, and genetic diversity, whether terrestrial, marine, or fresh water.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Terence P -- Jackson, Stephen T -- House, Joanna I -- Prentice, Iain Colin -- Mace, Georgina M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 1;332(6025):53-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1200303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of the Environment, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21454781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Preserving the tree of life (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: Phylogenies provide new ways to measure biodiversity, to assess conservation priorities, and to quantify the evolutionary history in any set of species. Methodological problems and a lack of knowledge about most species have so far hampered their use. In the future, as techniques improve and more data become accessible, we will have an expanded set of conservation options, including ways to prioritize outcomes from evolutionary and ecological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mace, Georgina M -- Gittleman, John L -- Purvis, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Classification/methods ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Geography ; *Phylogeny ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ecology: The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 target (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bennun, Leon -- Brink, Ben Ten -- Cooper, David -- Cote, Isabelle M -- Crane, Peter -- Dobson, Andrew -- Dudley, Nigel -- Dutton, Ian -- Green, Rhys E -- Gregory, Richard D -- Harrison, Jeremy -- Kennedy, Elizabeth T -- Kremen, Claire -- Leader-Williams, Nigel -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- Mace, Georgina -- May, Robert -- Mayaux, Phillipe -- Morling, Paul -- Phillips, Joanna -- Redford, Kent -- Ricketts, Taylor H -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Sanjayan, M -- Schei, Peter J -- van Jaarsveld, Albert S -- Walther, Bruno A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):212-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge University and University of Cape Town.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; International Cooperation ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: The role of African savannahs in the evolution of early hominins has been debated for nearly a century. Resolution of this issue has been hindered by difficulty in quantifying the fraction of woody cover in the fossil record. Here we show that the fraction of woody cover in tropical ecosystems can be quantified using stable carbon isotopes in soils. Furthermore, we use fossil soils from hominin sites in the Awash and Omo-Turkana basins in eastern Africa to reconstruct the fraction of woody cover since the Late Miocene epoch (about 7 million years ago). (13)C/(12)C ratio data from 1,300 palaeosols at or adjacent to hominin sites dating to at least 6 million years ago show that woody cover was predominantly less than approximately 40% at most sites. These data point to the prevalence of open environments at the majority of hominin fossil sites in eastern Africa over the past 6 million years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerling, Thure E -- Wynn, Jonathan G -- Andanje, Samuel A -- Bird, Michael I -- Korir, David Kimutai -- Levin, Naomi E -- Mace, William -- Macharia, Anthony N -- Quade, Jay -- Remien, Christopher H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):51-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10306.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA. thure.cerling@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Calibration ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Gait/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Paleontology ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Soil/chemistry ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Wilderness ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Biodiversity policy challenges (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mooney, Harold -- Mace, Georgina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1474. doi: 10.1126/science.1180935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. hmooney@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *International Cooperation ; *Public Policy ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Ecology. Biodiversity conservation and the Millennium Development Goals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs, Jeffrey D -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Sutherland, William J -- Armsworth, Paul R -- Ash, Neville -- Beddington, John -- Blackburn, Tim M -- Collen, Ben -- Gardiner, Barry -- Gaston, Kevin J -- Godfray, H Charles J -- Green, Rhys E -- Harvey, Paul H -- House, Brett -- Knapp, Sandra -- Kumpel, Noelle F -- Macdonald, David W -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mallet, James -- Matthews, Adam -- May, Robert M -- Petchey, Owen -- Purvis, Andy -- Roe, Dilys -- Safi, Kamran -- Turner, Kerry -- Walpole, Matt -- Watson, Robert -- Jones, Kate E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1502-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Poverty/*prevention & control ; Public Policy ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Anthropology. On becoming modern (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mace, Ruth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1175383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University College London, Taviton Street, London WC1H 0BW, UK. r.mace@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Cultural Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; *Population Density ; *Social Behavior ; Time ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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