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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conversion of a field-emission scanning electron microscope to a high-resolution, high-performance scanning transmission electron microscope, while maintaining original functions (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: STEM ; On-line computer system ; Digital image processing ; Unstained biological specimen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Recently, the reliability of field-emission electron guns has increased. In addition, the cost of computer systems for on-line processing has dropped. Hence, we should now consider the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for routine work, especially, in the field of biology where one may expect to utilize digital image processing techniques.An STEM has been constructed, without disturbing the original functions, by converting a commercial scanning electron microscope equipped with a fieldemission gun. The STEM is generally operated at accelerating voltage 30 kV, focal length 7.5 mm, and beam current 1-2 × 10-10 A. Several improvements have been incorporated for removing the effects of vibration, contamination, and stray magnetic fields. Also, an adjustable detector aperture was utilized. The modified instrument was connected to an on-line digital image processing system for utilizing the information obtained from STEM images. The advantages of the modified system were studied from various viewpoints.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serial section reconstruction using a computer graphics system: Applications to intracellular structures in yeast cells and to the periodontal structure of dogs' teeth (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 11 (1989), S. 16-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: 3-D reconstruction ; Computer graphics ; Serial sections ; Yeast target cell ; Tooth movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A computer graphics system for reconstruction from serial section micrographs was applied to intracellular details of a yeast target cell (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell) induced by the α factor mating pheromone and was also applied to a periodontal structure of a dog tooth moved orthodontically. In the former, intracellular organelles and a distribution of vesicles could be clearly observed through the cell membrane using the transparent display method in which the smoothing of the reconstructed outer cell membrane surface by computer processing was applied to the transparent display. In the latter case, by cutting through a reconstructed dog tooth and its periodontal tissues, labiolingual and mesiodistal cut surfaces of the tooth and of adjacent alveolar bone could be observed with fine details (232 sections were used).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060110104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High time-resolution analysis of transient bending patterns during ciliary responses following electric stimulation in sea urchin embryos (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 198-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: high-speed microcinematography ; Hemicentrotus ; primitive response ; ciliary reversal ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transient ciliary movement during responses to electric stimulation of embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was analyzed in terms of angular direction with a time resolution of approximately 2 ms with high-speed microcinematography. In the primitive response, which can be induced only in the early stages of development of the embryo, bending transients always started with a short pause in the middle of the effective stroke, irrespective of beat position on stimulation. In the reversal response, induced only in the late stages of development, bending transients occurred with a delay as short as some 10 ms from stimulation, and with a transient sharp deviation from the normal beat before the cilium took the position of the beginning of the recovery stroke of the reversed beat. The delay was significantly shorter at the base than at the tip, suggesting that some form of signal travels along the cilium; the speed was ten times higher than that of propagating bends in the normal beat. These facts indicate that the sensitivity to internal changes resulting from stimulation of the axoneme may vary with development, ciliary beat positions, and regions along the cilium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970070303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flagellar quiescence and transience of inactivation induced by rapid pH drop (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 10 (1988), S. 374-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagellar movement ; reactivation ; sea urchin sperm ; pH jump ; sliding-bending conversion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of rapid pH drop on the flagellar movement of reactivated sea urchin sperm were studied by video microscopy and by a newly developed pH jump method. Triton-demembranated sperm were reactivated in a thin layer of the reactivation medium containing ATP and potassium acetate and supported by a ring-shaped Millipore filter stuck to the lower surface of a supported coverslip. The pH of the medium was lowered rapidly by dissolving acetic acid vapor abruptly introduced into a gap between the cover and slide. Flagellar beating ceased immediately when the pH of the reactivation medium was lowered. At least two types of cessation were distinguished: (1) “instantaneous” cessation in a bent form closely resembling those characteristic of steady-state beating before pH drop (waveform freeze), and (2) flagellar quiescence in a cane-shaped form resembling those characteristic of Ca-induced quiescence (cane-shaped quiescence). The flagellum again began beating if the pH was raised to normal but eventually was disintegrated by tubule sliding if the pH was left lowered. Field-by-field analysis of the transient movement of flagella becoming quiescent upon pH drop demonstrated that the proximal bend of the cane-shaped form corresponded to the principal bend of the steady-state beating in some flagella, but in others, to the reverse bend. These observations indicate that low pHs affect flagellar beating by interfering with sliding-bending conversion by a mechanism different from that previously reported.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970100304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approach to digital image analysis of bending shapes of eukaryotic flagella and cilia (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 475-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: digital image processing ; flagella ; cilia ; bends ; Hemicentrotus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A novel method of digital image analysis of the bends of eukaryotic flagella and cilia was devised. In the analysis system, all image pixels were systematically extracted and processed to measure angular direction and curvature. Simulation experiments on theoretical model pictures of flagella with sine-generated or arcstraight line bending waves demonstrated that the method can be used with considerable high accuracy. This method then revealed abrupt changes in slope of the curvature in sperm flagella and embryo cilia of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. This indicates that the digital image processing used may be helpful in the study of flagellar and ciliary movements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron impact ionization of fullerenes: Appearance energies of C70n+, n = 1, 2 and 3 (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 1141-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ionization efficiency curves for the production of singly, doubly and triply charged ions from C70 by electron impact are reported, for the first time, up to an electron energy of 80 eV. Appearance energies were derived by linear extrapolation of ionization efficiency curves as 7.8±0.5 eV, 16.0±0.5 eV and 33.0±1.0 eV respectively for C70+, C702+ and C703+. The shape of the ionizaiion efficiency curves suggests that there are several energies at which resonant absorption to excited states takes place. Relative abundances of the three ions at various electron energies are also presented. An estimate for the appearance energy of C704+ is given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290071217
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrals Irs and Jrs used in the computation of magnetic quantities by means of the McWeeny coupled perturbation method (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 23 (1983), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have shown that integrals Irs and Jrs which occur in coupled Hartree-Fock perturbation, on a basis of gauge invariant atomic orbitals with the London approximation and neglect differential overlap, can be reduced, by appropriate transformations, to the overlap integral type. The computational program of Srs, Irs, and Jrs integrals is elaborated for Slater-type atomic orbitals. The process proposed presents a double advantage: it is extended over the entire Periodical Table and does not use the analytical formulas of Mulliken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560230108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Ring currents” static hypersusceptibilities (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hückel-London theory has been applied to the calculation of the “ring currents” octopole hypersusceptibilities of a series of conjugated compounds. Our calculations have been performed using fourth-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation technique. This is believed to be the first calculation of this kind. It is found that the values of “ring currents” hypersusceptibilities of fulvene and azulene are larger, in absolute magnitude, than the values corresponding, respectively, to benzene and naphthalene. It is found that, in most cases, the “ring currents” hypersusceptibilities are diamagnetic (negative values) for aromatic molecules and paramagnetic (positive values) for pseudoaromatic or antiaromatic compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560180118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of X-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy to state analyses of hydrogen implanted in Y, Zr and Nb metals (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 6 (1984), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) was used to examine the surface chemical states of hydrogen implanted metals. The chemical shifts of the M4,5N2,3V Auger peaks from their metallic states were 1.0 eV, 3.3 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively, for ion-implanted Y, Zr and Nb. The separation energies were found to be much larger than those of the corresponding 3d5/2 lines in the XPS spectra.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740060405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid typing of variable number of tandem repeat locus in the human apolipoprotein B gene for DNA diagnosis of heart disease by polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1437-1440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein B ; Variable number of tandem repeats ; Heart disease ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The apolipoprotein B (apoB) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) alleles containing larger repeat units is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) in entangled polymer solution was applied to the analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified apoB VNTR locus for DNA diagnosis of heart disease. The CE separation gives an excellent resolution of two alleles differing by one or two 16 bp repeat units in the DNA size range up to 600 bp with high speed. The apoB alleles differing in length by 2 or 4 repeat units are readily distinguishable by CE in the DNA size range from 600 to 1000 bp. The plate number achieved was 1 million plates per meter. CE combining with PCR provides an excellent technique for accurate determination of the number of repeat units of apoB VNTR alleles and differentiation of heterozygous from homozygous individuals. Using the CE technique, the apoB VNTR loci from some individuals in genotyping were examined towards precise DNA diagnosis for coronary heart disease.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601237
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