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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small angle X-ray and dielectric data of soybean-phosphatidylcholine Phospholipon® 100 (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 686-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Soybean-phosphatidylcholine ; X-ray ; dielectric constant ; phase-transition ; chain-melting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Soybean-Phosphatidylcholine Phospholipon® 100 has a stable gel conformation in the as-prepared state. We observed a main phase transition (chain melting) above 30 °C in the first heating run. This transition is marked 1. by a change of the lamellar repeat distance recorded by small angle X-ray diffraction, and 2. by an increase of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant. After the first heating up to + 90 °C the chains “melt” in a broad temperature range between −60 °C and +90 °C. The high stability of chain conformation in the temperature range −60 °C to +30 °C of the as-prepared state is due to the low water content of the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01419894
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic studies of the leptin receptor gene in morbidly obese French Caucasian families (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 100 (1997), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Family studies have shown that in some populations up to 75% of the variation of body mass index can be explained by genetic factors. However, in humans, no major obesity gene has been identified to date. In contrast, there are a number of genetically well defined animal models for obesity. In two of those models (ob/ob and db/db), defects in the same pathway are responsible for obesity. Recently, some evidence has been found for the OB gene also being involved in human obesity. In this study we investigated the potential role of the OB receptor (OBR) in the etiology of massive obesity in humans using familial linkage analyses and case-control association studies. The typing of two microsatellite markers (D1S198 and D1S209), flanking the OBR gene, in 256 sib pairs showed no evidence for linkage with obesity. In order to be able to detect small gene effects, association studies with a 3′-UTR insertion/deletion polymorphism were carried out. The results of these analyses remained non-significant (χ2 = 3.442, P = 0.18). However, subjects heterozygous for the insertion/deletion polymorphism showed a slight trend towards lower insulin values 30 min after an oral glucose load compared to homozygous individuals (P = 0.02). In summary, our results do not support a major role of the human OBR gene in the development of morbid obesity in our population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050540
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorptionsverhalten und Hydrieraktivität pulverförmiger Palladium-Rhodium-Legierungen (1977)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 96-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01449694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser chemical physics I: State selective excitation (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 112-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697836
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent transient phenomena (1982)
    Springer
    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 274-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 33 ; 36 ; 36.10 ; 14 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entwicklung der Jagdpachtpreise in Bund und Ländern (1963)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 9 (1963), S. 138-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After the compilation of detail results out of 5800 shooting districts very reliable dates concerning the development of rents paids for shooting rights within the Federal Republic can be now stated for the first time. In the mayor part of common shooting districts the first period of lease began-after having regained shooting rights-in April 1952 and expired in March 1961. For the period of the minimum lease of 9 years as prescribed by the German legislation (for the relatively few shooting districts with prevailing deer population it amounts to 12 years) usually a constant yearly rent is agreed to between leaseholder and lessor. Comparing the average prices agreed to during the period expired and the present one there resulted an increase of the rent level within the Federal Republic of a 125%: The rent for 1 ha shooting territory increased from originally DM 1,55 to DM 3,48. It is true, however, that the increase within the different Federal countries differs widely because of reasons of different incomes and different density of population. Extremes are to be found in the poor agricultural country of Schleswig-Holstein with a shooting rent of DM 1,60 compared to a five times higher average value of DM 7,96 within the rich industrial country of Nordrhein-Westfalen.
    Abstract: Résumé Après avoir exploité les résultats individuels émanant de 5800 terrains de chasse il est pour la première fois possible à donner des indications exactes sur le développement des baux de location pour terrains de chasse dans la République Fédérale. Pour le parti prépondérant des terrains de chasse collectifs la première période de location commenca-après avor repris la souveraineté de chasse-en avril 1952 pour finir au mois de mars 1961. On négocie en général un prix annuel constant entre le propiétaire et le locataire pour la durée minimum du bail de location de neuf ans, durée prescrite par le législateur allemand (pour les relativement rares terrains de chasse en gros gibier cette durée comporte 12 ans). Une confrontation des prix moyens de la période écoulée avec ceux de la période courante accusait pour le territoire de la République Fédérale une hausse du niveau des baux de location de 125 pourcent: le bail de location pour un hectar de chasse lucrative montait de 1,55 DM au début à 3,48 DM. Il faut cependant ajoutér, que dû aux renenus différents et la densité de la population cette hausse variait dans les diverses pays fédéraux. Les extrèmes se trouvent dans le pauvre pays agricole de Schleswig-Holstein avec un bail de location pour terrain de chasse de 1,60 DM, à qui est opposé une valeur moyenne de 5 fois plus élevé soit de 7,96 DM pour le riche pays industriel de Nordrhein-Westfalen.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Auswertung der Einzelergebnisse aus 5800 Jagdrevieren können nunmehr erstmalig in der Bundesrepublik recht verläßliche Angaben über die Pachtpreisentwicklung für Jagdnutzung gemacht werden. Im überwiegenden Teil der gemeinschaftlichen Jagdbezirke begann die erste Pachtperiode-nach Wiedererlangung der Jagdhoheit-im April 1952 und lief im März 1961 aus. Für die Dauer der vom deutschen Gesetzgeber vorgeschriebenen neunjährigen Mindestpachtzeit (für die relativ wenigen Hochwildreviere beträgt sie 12 Jahre) wird in der Regel ein konstanter jährlicher Preis zwischen Verpächter und Pächter ausgehandelt. Bei einer Gegenüberstellung der durchschnittlichen Preise der abgelaufenen mit der gegenwärtigen Periode ergab sich für das Bundesgebiet ein Anstieg des Pachtpreisniveaus um 125 Prozent: Der Preis für das Hektar jagdlicher Nutzfläche kletterte von ursprünglich 1,55 DM auf 3,48 DM. Allerdings ist die Steigerung in den einzelnen Bundesländern aus Gründen unterschiedlicher Einkommen und Siedlungsdichte sehr ungleichmäßig verlaufen. Die Extreme finden sich in dem armen Agrarland Schleswig-Holstein mit einem Jagdpachtpreis von 1,60 DM, dem ein fünfmal höherer Durchschnittswert von 7,96 DM im reichen Industrieland Nordrhein-Westfalen gegenübersteht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airfoil design optimization using the Navier-Stokes equations (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 83 (1994), S. 447-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Airfoil design ; constrained optimization ; Navier-Stokes equations ; transonic aerodynamics ; computational fluid dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A design optimization technique is presented which couples a computationally efficient Navier-Stokes code with a numerical optimization algorithm. The design method improves the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil subject to specified design objectives and constraints. Recent advances in computers and compputational fluid dynamics have permitted the use of the Navier-Stokes equations in the design procedure to include the nonlinear, rotational, viscous physics of transonic flows. Using numerical optimization guarantees that a better design will be produced even with strict design constraints. The method is demonstrated with several examples at transonic flow conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207637
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT PRECONDITIONERS ON SOLUTION ACCELERATION SCHEMES IN CFD (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 1023-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: convergence acceleration ; preconditioning ; multigrid ; GMRES ; ADI ; ILU ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several solution acceleration techniques, used to obtain steady state CFD solutions as quickly as possible, are applied to an implicit, upwind Euler solver to evaluate their effectiveness. The implicit system is solved using either ADI or ILU and the solution acceleration techniques evaluated are quasi-Newton iteration, Jacobian freezing, multigrid and GMRES. ILU is a better preconditioner than ADI because it can use larger time steps. Adding GMRES does not always improve the convergence. However, GMRES preconditioned with ILU and multigrid can take advantage of Jacobian freezing to produce an efficient scheme that is relatively independent of grid size and grid quality.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen an Metallkatalysatoren. IVorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 403, 353 (1974). Strukturelle und katalytische Untersuchungen an pulverförmigen Palladium-Silber-LegierungenProfessor Günther Rienäcker zum 70. Geburtstage am 13. Mai 1974 gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 405 (1974), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Metal Catalysts. I. Structural and Catalytical Investigations on Palladium-Silver PowdersSeveral conditions for preparation of palladium-silver powders are described. By choice of suitable preparation metal crystallites were obtained, in which exists a gradient of concentration with respect to the metals. This gradient determines the behaviour of sorption and catalytical activity, respectively.Characterization of catalysts with regard to their structure takes place by means of X-ray measurements and investigations of sorption (adsorption of N2, chemisorption of CO, sorption of H2), respectively. The catalytical activity of alloys has been measured by means of hydrogenation of benzene.
    Notes: Es werden verschiedene Präparationsbedingungen pulverförmiger Pd-Ag-Katalysatoren beschrieben. Durch Wahl geeigneter Herstellungsverfahren läßt sich in den Metallkristalliten ein Konzentrationsgradient erzeugen, der das Sorptionsverhalten der Legierungen sowie ihre katalytische Aktivität bestimmt.Die Charakterisierung der Proben erfolgte durch Röntgenuntersuchungen sowie Sorptionsmessungen (N2-Adsorption, CO-Chemisorption, Wasserstoffsorption); das katalytische Verhalten der Legierungen wurde mittels der Benzolhydrierung ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744050304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen an Metallkatalysatoren. IIVorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 403, 353 (1974).. Sorptionsverhalten und Hydrieraktivität pulverförmiger Palladium-Rhodium-Legierungen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 406 (1974), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Metal Catalysts. II. Behaviour in Sorption and Activity of Hydrogenation of Powders of Palladium-Rhodium AlloysExperiments for preparing Pd—Rh alloys by reduction in aqueous solutions and characterization of catalysts by X-ray measurements are described. Behaviour in sorption (adsorption of nitrogen, chemisorption of carbon monoxide, sorption of hydrogen) and catalytical activity of the alloys in hydrogenation of benzene are determined by existence of the two phase region and X-ray amorphous rhodium, respectively.
    Notes: Es wird über die Herstellung von Palladium-Rhodium-Legierungen durch Reduktion aus wäßrigen Lösungen sowie ihre röntgenorgraphische Charakterisierung berichtet. Das Sorptionsverhalten (N2-Adsorption, CO-Chemisorption, Wasserstoffsorption) sowie die katalytische Aktivität der Legierungen bei der Benzolhydrierung werden durch das Auftreten eines Zweiphasengebietes sowie das Vorliegen röntgenamorphen Rhodiums bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744060107
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