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  • 1
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    Enhanced Solid-Phase Photocatalytic Degradation Activity of a Poly(vinyl chloride)-TiO2 Nanocomposite Film with Bismuth Oxyiodide (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-20
    Description: A new type of photodegradable poly(vinyl chloride)-bismuth oxyiodide/TiO 2 (PVC-BiOI/TiO 2 ) nanocomposite film was prepared by embedding a nano-TiO 2 photocatalyst modified by BiOI into the commercial PVC plastic. The solid-phase photocatalytic degradation behavior of the as-prepared film was investigated in ambient air at room temperature under UV light irradiation, with the aid of UV-Vis spectroscopy, weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Compared to the PVC-TiO 2 nanocomposite film, the PVC-BiOI nanocomposite film and the pure PVC film, the PVC-BiOI/TiO 2 nanocomposite film exhibited a higher photocatalytic degradation activity. The optimal mass ratio of BiOI to TiO 2 was found to be 0.75 %. The weight loss rate of the PVC-BiOI/TiO 2 nanocomposite film reached 30.8 % after 336 h of irradiation, which is 1.5 times higher than that of the PVC-TiO 2 nanocomposite film under identical conditions. The solid-phase photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the nanocomposite films was briefly discussed. A new type of photodegradable PVC-BiOI/TiO 2 nanocomposite film was prepared. In comparison with the PVC-TiO 2 nanocomposite film, the PVC-BiOI nanocomposite film and the pure PVC film, the PVC-BiOI/TiO 2 nanocomposite film exhibited a higher solid-phase photocatalytic degradation activity.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Replication protein A prevents promiscuous annealing between short sequence homologies: Implications for genome integrity (2014)
    Wiley
    In: BioEssays
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Replication protein A (RPA) is the main eukaryotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, having essential roles in all DNA metabolic reactions involving ssDNA. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity, thereby preventing the formation of secondary structures and protecting ssDNA from the action of nucleases, and directly interacts with other DNA processing proteins. Here, we discuss recent results supporting the idea that one function of RPA is to prevent annealing between short repeats that can lead to chromosome rearrangements by microhomology-mediated end joining or the formation of hairpin structures that are substrates for structure-selective nucleases. We suggest that replication fork catastrophe caused by depletion of RPA could result from cleavage of secondary structures by nucleases, and that failure to cleave hairpin structures formed at DNA ends could lead to gene amplification. These studies highlight the important role RPA plays in maintaining genome integrity. RPA binding to the ssDNA tailed intermediates that are formed during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks prevents annealing between short sequence homologies internal to the ends. When RPA is depleted from cells, or when its DNA binding activity is compromised, annealing between short repeats can lead to mutagenic microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) or hairpin-capped ends.
    Print ISSN: 0265-9247
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-1878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Remote Magnetometry With Mesospheric Sodium Based on Gated Photon Counting (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Remote detection of geomagnetic fields in the mesosphere would provide a powerful tool for mapping and interpreting Earth's lithospheric magnetic fields, monitoring magnetic disturbances in conjunction with the aurora, and making long‐term measurements of ionospheric currents at polar regions. Based on gated photon counting and direct frequency sweep, a remote magnetometry scheme with precession of mesospheric sodium was demonstrated. The technique of gated photon counting has an advantage in background light suppression and has the potential to achieve altitude‐resolved magnetic field measurements with an optimized laser source. An intensity‐modulated laser beam was utilized to optically pump sodium atoms in the mesopause, and a ground‐based telescope collects fluorescent echoes to infer the magnetic field. The experiment was carried out at Lijiang observatory where we validated this technique and measured the geomagnetic field with a sensitivity of 849 nT/Hz1/2, which can be improved through further optimization.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9380
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9402
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why animals have tumours (1995)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 43 (1995), S. 279-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From the viewpoint of an evolutionary biologist, carcinogenesis should be looked upon as a protective mechanism against destruction of DNA. Because genes expressed in embryonic cells are covered and protected by heterochromatinization, they are the most appropriate ‘alternate genes’ compared to genes that are expressed already in somatic cells. When DNA-damage occurs, the embryonic genes can be activated. Some somatic cells exhibit some features of embryonic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707275
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant Cellular Osmotica (1997)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 45 (1997), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To cope with the water deficit resulting from saline environment, plant cells accumulate three kinds of osmotica: salts, small organic solutes and hydrophillic, glycine-rich proteins. Salts such as NaCl are cheap and available but has ion toxicity in high concentrations. Small organic solutes are assistant osmotica, their main function is to protect cytoplasmic enzymes from ionic toxicity and maintain the integrity of cellular membranes. Hydrophillic, glycine-rich proteins are the most effective osmotica, they have some characteristics to avoid crystallization even in high concentration, but because they are expensive they are not as commonly used as salts or organic solutes. In addition there is the question of whether the genetic information for growth in saline environment is present in all kinds of plants, both halophytes and nonhalophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000342324072
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ideas in Theoretical Biology Origin of Cancerous Cells from Tumours (1998)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 46 (1998), S. 379-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract With a previous paper (Niu & Wang, 1995), a general, hypothetical outline of the mechanism of carcinogenesis was proposed. With reference to the fact of starvation-induced hypermutation in micro-organisms, we propose that the hypoxia commonly seen in the cells at the centre of solid tumours might also result in hypermutation, and then p53-dependent programmed cell death. Like the apparently adaptive mutations in micro-organisms, only those genes (e.g. p53) that enable the cells to escape from apoptosis may be selected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001803420183
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Z substrates for cost effective high-energy, stacked exposures (1997)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1997), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Commercial application of the “direct” LIGA process requires solving two critical issues: throughput and price. Stacking of PMMA sheets bonded to substrates and exposed simultaneously with hard X-ray has been suggested recently. This paper presents a comparison of potential low Z substrates for stacked exposures in deep X-ray lithography based on elements of the second row of the periodic table. The transmission of various substrates considered for such an application have been calculated and experimentally determined. The transmission properties of materias such a beryllium, carbon, boron and compounds are by far better than that of silicon at lower photon energies typically used in LIGA applications, but this gain decreases with increasing photon energy. In stacked exposures, however, even small gains provide significant decrease in exposure time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050084
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of gear pumps fabricated by LIGA (1998)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  This paper presents the characterization of a positive displacement, magnetically-coupled, self-priming gear pump and a direct drive metal gear pump. In the magnetically coupled design (the in-line pump), the gears are indirectly driven by a electric motor coupled to a pair of magnets. The pump provides a flow rate of 350 μl/min at 5000 rpm, over 140 cm-H2O (∼2 psi) of head pressure and 28.8 cm-H2O vacuum on the suction side for a single stage pump. A two stage in-line pump generated 53 cm-H2O vacuum at its inelt (21″H2O). Very recently, we demonstrated a direct driven gear pump using a 3 mm smoovyTM brushless DC motor. The direct driven pump provides a maximum flow rate of 2.5ml/min at 1200 Hz (72 krpm) and 3.6 psi dead head pressure. The direct drive pump provided 18 cm-H2O vacuum at its inlet due to the large clearances in the first generation device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050122
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching for a nonlinear diffusion equation with a singular boundary condition (1999)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 50 (1999), S. 574-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2275
    Keywords: Key words. Nonlinear diffusion equation, singular boundary condition, finite time quenching, quenching set, quenching rate.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We study a nonlinear diffusion equation $(\psi (u))_t =u_{xx},\0 〈 x 〈 1,\t 〉 0$ with a singular boundary condition $u_x(1,t) = -g(u(1,t))$ . We prove finite time quenching for the solution. We also establish results on quenching set and rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000330050167
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  • 10
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    Investigation of experimental issues concerning successful operation of quantum-logic-based $$^{27}hbox {Al}^+$$ ion optical clock (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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