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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemolithotrophic ATP synthesis and NAD(P) reduction in Thiobacillus tepidarius and T. versutus (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus tepidarius ; Thiobacillus versutus ; ATP synthesis ; NAD(P) reduction ; Thiosulphate oxidation ; Proton potential (Δp)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiosulphate-dependent reduction of NAD and NADP in intact cells of Thiobacillus tepidarius and T. versutus was severely inhibited or abolished by FCCP at concentrations that did not affect ATP synthesis over the same time scale. Thiosulphate-dependent ATP synthesis in T. tepidarius was abolished by the ATPase inhibitor DCCD, which did not affect NAD or NADP reduction at the concentrations tested. These results indicate that energy-dependent NAD(P) reduction using reversal of electron transfer from cytochrome b or c in thiobacilli is directly driven by the Δp generated by thiosulphate oxidation, and does not require the participation of ATP. While NAD(P) reduction and ATP synthesis are thus both effected by sulphur compound oxidation, there is no obligatory link between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411646
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiration-driven proton translocation in Thiobacillus versutus and the role of the periplasmic thiosulphate-oxidizing enzyme system (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1988), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiobacillus versutus ; Proton translocation ; Thiosulphate oxidation ; Sulphite oxidation ; Periplasmic proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The periplasmic location of enzymes A and B of the thiosulphate-oxidizing multienzyme system of Thiobacillus versutus has been further confirmed by differential radiolabelling of periplasmic and cytoplasmic proteins. The stoichiometries of respiration-driven proton translocation in T. versutus were determined using the oxygen pulse and the initial rate methods. A value for the →H+/O quotient (number of protons translocated per oxygen atom reduced) of about 2.8 was found for the oxidation of thiosulphate, and of about 2.5 for sulphite. The →H+/O quotient for endogenous respiration was about 5.7. The data are shown to be in good agreement with the scheme proposed previously for thiosulphate oxidation by this organism. Proton generation during the oxidation of thiosulphate or sulphite is indicated to occur in the periplasm rather than by pumping across the cytoplasmic membrane. The results also suggest that a →H+/O quotient of six occurs during NADH oxidation (from endogenous metabolism measurements) and that the terminal cytochrome oxidase, aa3, does not function as a proton pump.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411645
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochromes in Thiobacillus tepidarius and the respiratory chain involved in the oxidation of thiosulphate and tetrathionate (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cytochrome b ; Cytochrome c ; CO-binding cytochromes ; Thiosulphate and tetrathionate oxidation ; Thiobacillus tepidarius
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thiobacillus tepidarius was shown to contain cytochrome(s) c with absorption maxima at 421, 522 and 552 nm in room temperature reduced minus oxidized difference spectra, present at 1.1–1.2 nmol per mg dry wt and present in both membrane and soluble fractions of the cell. The membrane-bound cytochrome c (1.75 nmol per mg membrane protein) had a midpoint potential (Em, pH 7.0) of 337 mV, while the soluble fractions appeared to contain cytochrome(s) c with Em (pH 7.0) values of about 270 and 360 mV. The organism also contained three distinct membrane-bound b-type cytochromes (totalling 0.33 nmol per mg membrane protein), each with absorption maxima in reduced minus oxidized difference spectra at about 428, 532 and 561 nm. The Em (pH 7.0) values for the three cytochromes b were 8 mV (47.8% of total), 182 mV (13.7%) and 322 mV (38.5%). No a- or d-type cytochromes were detectable spectrophotometrically in the intact organism or its membrane and soluble fractions. Evidence is presented for both CO-binding and CO-unreactive cytochromes b or o, and CO-binding cytochrome(s) c. From redox effects observed with CO it is proposed that a cytochrome c donates electrons to a cytochrome b, and that a high potential cytochrome b or o may be acting as the terminal oxidase in substrate oxidation. This may be the ‘445 nm pigment’, a photodissociable CO-binding membrane haemoprotein. Substrate oxidation was relatively insensitive to CO-inhibition, but strongly inhibited by cyanide and azide. Thiosulphate oxidation couples directly to cytochrome c reduction, but tetrathionate oxidation is linked (probably via ubiquinone Q-8) to reduction of a cytochrome b of lower potential than the cytochrome c. The nature of possible electron transport pathways in Thiobacillus tepidarius is discussed. One speculative sequence is: c− → b8 → b182 → c270 → c337 → b322/c360 → O2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288708
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large deflections of shallow conical shells under uniform pressures (1989)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 2 (1989), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: large deflection ; buckling of shell ; integral equation ; iteration ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions 1) No matter the edge of a conical cap is rigidly clamped or simply supported, the critical loads increase monotonically with an increase in λ. 2) The weakening of the edge moment certainly lowers the resistance of conical cap to buckling. 3) The buckled conical cap with its edge rigidly clamped can automatically return to the original state if the load is completely removed. However, some buckled conical caps with their edge simply supported cannot return to the unbuckled initial state but maintain a certain prestressed state even if the load is completely removed. 4) The boundary layer in a conical cap develops not only with an increase in load but also with an increase in geometry parameter λ (i.e.,with an increase in the thickness of the cap). 5) For the conical cap of larger geometry parameter λ, it is possible for asymmetric waves to first occur near the outer edge before the axisymmetric buckling occurs. 6) Fig.2 can serve as design information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208196
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A boundary element method for calculating the SH waves scattering from arbitrarily shaped holes in an anisotropic medium (1990)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 3 (1990), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: scattering problem of elastic wave ; anisotropic medium ; boundary integral equation ; generalized Green's formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The scattering problem of elastic wave by arbitrarily shaped cavities in an infinite anisotropic medium is investigated by the boundary integral equation (BIE) method. The formulations of BIE are derived with the help of generalized Green's formula. The discretization of BIE is based upon constant elements. After confirmation of the accuracy of the present method, some numerical examples are given for various cavities in a full space, in which an isotropic body with a circular cylinder hole is used for comparison and good agreement is observed. It has been proved that the method developed in this paper is effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207572
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of fatigue crack growth under random stresses in the aspect of statistics (1988)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 1 (1988), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A CCT experiment controlled by pseudo random signals generated by a white-noise generator with narrow-band filter has been done in the MTS-880 system to compare the effects of different δK char on dα/dt. A fatigue crack growth life prediction formula which is only dependent on Power Spectrum Density (P. S. D.) of the history under Gaussian narrow-band history is derived. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207434
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On blowup formulae for the S-duality conjecture of Vafa and Witten (1999)
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 136 (1999), S. 451-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002220050316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of immunogold and lectin-gold labeling in tumor research and diagnosis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 131-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunohistochemistry and carbohydrate histochemistry have had an enormous impact on both tumor research and diagnosis. In particular, immunogold labeling has provided significant advantages over classical fluorescence and enzyme-based techniques. In light microscopy, the silver-intensified gold labeling has proven highly sensitive and precise in localization. In electron microscopy, the gold particle marker was a prerequisite for successful and unequivocal antigen detection in electron-dense cellular structures such as secretory granules. In this review we demonstrate the usefulness of light and electron microscopical gold labeling techniques as applied in tumor research and diagnosis. The examples include expression of β-1,6 branches and specific sialoglycoconjugates in colon carcinoma, b-12 carbohydrate epitope in breast carcinoma, polysialic acid in neuroendocrine tumors of lung, adrenal and thyroid, as well as studies on proinsulin to insulin conversion in insulinomas. In addition, practical hints for prevention of background staining, tissue fixation, and silver intensification of gold labeling are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050028
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin in histochemical and blotting techniques: a comparison of digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled lectins (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An increase in the number of β 1,6 branches of the trimannosyl core of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides has been shown to be directly correlated with the metastatic potential of cultured tumour cells. The Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin (PHA-L) binds to β 1,6 branches of tri- and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides. We have applied digoxigenin- and biotin-conjugated PHA-L to establish a non-radioactive detection system for β 1,6 branches, which can be used in lectin blotting as well as light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. For this purpose the HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell line and colon carcinoma tissue were investigated. Digoxigenin-conjugated PHA-L in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibodies was superior to biotin-conjugated PHA-L in lectin blotting with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, the digoxigenin conjugated PHA-L in conjunction with gold-labelled anti-digoxigenin antibodies resulted in more intense specific staining and lower background compared to biotin-conjugated PHA-L visualized with a streptavidin immunogold complex. The specificity of lectin binding in blotting and cytochemical studies was demonstrated by the absence of staining when the lectin was omitted or preabsorbed with glycoprotein, and following pretreatment of the cellular homogenates or tissue sections by N-glycosidase F. Our results demonstrate that digoxigenin-conjugated PHA-L provides high sensitivity and specificity for histochemical and blotting techniques and is amenable for quantification. The technique should have applications in tumour research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268933
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum sulfated zirconia catalysts. Fate of chlorine during activation (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 50 (1998), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The gases evolved during activation of a sulfated zirconia prepared by impregnation with chloroplatinic acid have been followed using mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. When the sample is heated in either helium or in air, the halogen is lost from the catalyst as HCl and Cl2. Heating the sample in hydrogen results in the loss of the halogen as HCl, and only traces as Cl2. The loss of halogen occurs over a wide temperature range (200-900°C). The data are consistent with the chloroplatinic acid being converted by loss of halide with the formation of Pt0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019099909793
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