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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular structure and hydrogen bonding of 4-dimethylaminopyridinioacetate in its crystalline dihydrate and hydrochloride trihydrate, L·2H2O and [L2H]Cl·3H2O (L=p-Me2NC5H4N+CH2CO2 −) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Betaine ; 4-dimethylaminopyridinioacetate ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystalline dihydrate and hydrochloride trihydrate of a new betaine, namely, L·2H2O (1) and [L2H]Cl·3H2O(2) (L=p-Me2NC5H4N+CH2CO2), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Molecule L in compound1 [space groupPbcn, witha=15.732(3),b=7.894(2),c=18.304(4) Å, andZ=8] possesses approximateC s symmetry. The formation of hydrogen bonds by water molecules bridging neighboring carboxy oxygen atoms leads to an infinite two-dimensional network composed of a packing of two different kinds of 12-membered rings. In compound2 [space group PT witha=7.341(2),b=9.543(2),c=17.010(4) Å, α=82.43(2)°, δ=80.34(2)°, λ=74.05(2)°, andZ=2], the carboxylate groups of a pair of betaine molecules are bridged by a proton to form a dimeric cation L2H+ with a very strong asymmetric hydrogen bond of length 2.464(7) Å. The crystal structure features a hydrogen-bonded corrugated ribbon comprising an alternate arrangement of edge-sharing centrosymmetric (H2O)4(Cl−)2 and (H2O)4 rings running parallel to thea axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01669730
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordinal algorithms for packing with target center of gravity (1996)
    Springer
    Order 13 (1996), S. 17-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Keywords: packing algorithms ; heuristic ; optimal permutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of arranging N unit length weights on a line segment of length N, given a target center of gravity on this line segment, is examined under the assumption that the only information we have about the weights is their order, i.e., a 1 ≥ a 2 ≥ ... ≥ a N . Lower bounds on worst case performance of algorithms for this problem are developed, and algorithms (permutations) which come close to achieving these bounds are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383965
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automorphisms and isotone self-maps of ordered sets with top and bottom (1993)
    Springer
    Order 10 (1993), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Keywords: 06A07 ; 06A12 ; 05E25 ; 20B25 ; Automorphism ; isotone self-map ; irreducible element
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract For an ordered setP letP P denote the set of all isotone self-maps on P, that is, all mapsf fromP toP such thatx≥y impliesf(x)≥f(y), and let Aut (P) the set of all automorphisms onP, that is, all bijective isotone self-maps inP P . We establish an inequality relating ¦P P ¦ and ¦Aut(P)¦ in terms of the irreducibles ofP. As a straightforward corollary, we show that Rival and Rutkowski's automorphism conjecture is true for lattices. It is also true for ordered sets with top and bottom whose covering graphs are planar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01111294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platinum sulfated zirconia catalysts. Fate of chlorine during activation (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 50 (1998), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The gases evolved during activation of a sulfated zirconia prepared by impregnation with chloroplatinic acid have been followed using mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. When the sample is heated in either helium or in air, the halogen is lost from the catalyst as HCl and Cl2. Heating the sample in hydrogen results in the loss of the halogen as HCl, and only traces as Cl2. The loss of halogen occurs over a wide temperature range (200-900°C). The data are consistent with the chloroplatinic acid being converted by loss of halide with the formation of Pt0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019099909793
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria (1997)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (1997), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: sulfur bacteria ; sulfur oxidation pathways ; thiobacilli ; thiosulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The history of the elucidation of the microbiology and biochemistry of the oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds in chemolithotrophic bacteria is briefly reviewed, and the contribution of Martinus Beijerinck to the study of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria highlighted. Recent developments in the biochemistry, enzymology and molecular biology of sulfur oxidation in obligately and facultatively lithotrophic bacteria are summarized, and the existence of at least two major pathways of thiosulfate (sulfur and sulfide) oxidation confirmed. These are identified as the ‘Paracoccus sulfur oxidation’ (or PSO) pathway and the ‘S4intermediate’ (or S4I) pathway respectively. The former occurs in organisms such as Paracoccus (Thiobacillus) versutus and P. denitrificans, and possibly in Thiobacillus novellus and Xanthobacter spp. The latter pathway is characteristic of the obligate chemolithotrophs (e.g. Thiobacillus tepidarius, T. neapolitanus, T. ferrooxidans, T. thiooxidans) and facultative species such as T. acidophilus and T. aquaesulis, all of which can produce or oxidize tetrathionate when grown on thiosulfate. The central problem, as yet incompletely resolved in all cases, is the enzymology of the conversion of sulfane-sulfur (as in the outer [S-] atom of thiosulfate [-S-SO3-]), or sulfur itself, to sulfate, and whether sulfite is involved as a free intermediate in this process in all, or only some, cases. The study of inorganic sulfur compound oxidation for energetic purposes in bacteria (i.e. chemolithotrophy and sulfur photolithotrophy) poses challenges for comparative biochemistry. It also provides evidence of convergent evolution among diverse bacterial groups to achieve the end of energy-yielding sulfur compound oxidation (to drive autotrophic growth on carbon dioxide) but using a variety of enzymological systems, which share some common features. Some new data are presented on the oxidation of 35S-thiosulfate, and on the effect of other anions (selenate, molybdate, tu ngstate, chromate, vanadate) on sulfur compound oxidation, including observations which relate to the roles of polythionates and elemental sulfur as intermediates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1000135707181
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of fatigue crack growth under random stresses in the aspect of statistics (1988)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 1 (1988), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A CCT experiment controlled by pseudo random signals generated by a white-noise generator with narrow-band filter has been done in the MTS-880 system to compare the effects of different δK char on dα/dt. A fatigue crack growth life prediction formula which is only dependent on Power Spectrum Density (P. S. D.) of the history under Gaussian narrow-band history is derived. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207434
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large deflections of shallow conical shells under uniform pressures (1989)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 2 (1989), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: large deflection ; buckling of shell ; integral equation ; iteration ; approximation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions 1) No matter the edge of a conical cap is rigidly clamped or simply supported, the critical loads increase monotonically with an increase in λ. 2) The weakening of the edge moment certainly lowers the resistance of conical cap to buckling. 3) The buckled conical cap with its edge rigidly clamped can automatically return to the original state if the load is completely removed. However, some buckled conical caps with their edge simply supported cannot return to the unbuckled initial state but maintain a certain prestressed state even if the load is completely removed. 4) The boundary layer in a conical cap develops not only with an increase in load but also with an increase in geometry parameter λ (i.e.,with an increase in the thickness of the cap). 5) For the conical cap of larger geometry parameter λ, it is possible for asymmetric waves to first occur near the outer edge before the axisymmetric buckling occurs. 6) Fig.2 can serve as design information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208196
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A boundary element method for calculating the SH waves scattering from arbitrarily shaped holes in an anisotropic medium (1990)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica solida Sinica 3 (1990), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-9166
    Keywords: scattering problem of elastic wave ; anisotropic medium ; boundary integral equation ; generalized Green's formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The scattering problem of elastic wave by arbitrarily shaped cavities in an infinite anisotropic medium is investigated by the boundary integral equation (BIE) method. The formulations of BIE are derived with the help of generalized Green's formula. The discretization of BIE is based upon constant elements. After confirmation of the accuracy of the present method, some numerical examples are given for various cavities in a full space, in which an isotropic body with a circular cylinder hole is used for comparison and good agreement is observed. It has been proved that the method developed in this paper is effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207572
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of immunogold and lectin-gold labeling in tumor research and diagnosis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 131-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunohistochemistry and carbohydrate histochemistry have had an enormous impact on both tumor research and diagnosis. In particular, immunogold labeling has provided significant advantages over classical fluorescence and enzyme-based techniques. In light microscopy, the silver-intensified gold labeling has proven highly sensitive and precise in localization. In electron microscopy, the gold particle marker was a prerequisite for successful and unequivocal antigen detection in electron-dense cellular structures such as secretory granules. In this review we demonstrate the usefulness of light and electron microscopical gold labeling techniques as applied in tumor research and diagnosis. The examples include expression of β-1,6 branches and specific sialoglycoconjugates in colon carcinoma, b-12 carbohydrate epitope in breast carcinoma, polysialic acid in neuroendocrine tumors of lung, adrenal and thyroid, as well as studies on proinsulin to insulin conversion in insulinomas. In addition, practical hints for prevention of background staining, tissue fixation, and silver intensification of gold labeling are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050028
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin in histochemical and blotting techniques: a comparison of digoxigenin- and biotin-labelled lectins (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An increase in the number of β 1,6 branches of the trimannosyl core of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides has been shown to be directly correlated with the metastatic potential of cultured tumour cells. The Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin (PHA-L) binds to β 1,6 branches of tri- and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides. We have applied digoxigenin- and biotin-conjugated PHA-L to establish a non-radioactive detection system for β 1,6 branches, which can be used in lectin blotting as well as light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. For this purpose the HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell line and colon carcinoma tissue were investigated. Digoxigenin-conjugated PHA-L in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibodies was superior to biotin-conjugated PHA-L in lectin blotting with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, the digoxigenin conjugated PHA-L in conjunction with gold-labelled anti-digoxigenin antibodies resulted in more intense specific staining and lower background compared to biotin-conjugated PHA-L visualized with a streptavidin immunogold complex. The specificity of lectin binding in blotting and cytochemical studies was demonstrated by the absence of staining when the lectin was omitted or preabsorbed with glycoprotein, and following pretreatment of the cellular homogenates or tissue sections by N-glycosidase F. Our results demonstrate that digoxigenin-conjugated PHA-L provides high sensitivity and specificity for histochemical and blotting techniques and is amenable for quantification. The technique should have applications in tumour research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268933
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