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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 14 (1978), S. R319 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 12 (1976), S. 47-57 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une solution numérique à équations tridimensionnelles d'élasticité est présentée pour le problème de la fissure de surface semi-elliptique située en surface ou en solide d'épaisseurs finies. La méthode proposée est utilisée pour développer des résultats numériques qui incorporent les effets des facteurs d'intensité des contraintes associée à la fois des surfaces “recto et verso” du solide. Le facteur d'intensité des contraintes est décrit pour diverses positions de la fissure et ce dans divers cas de formes et de profondeurs de fissuration. Une comparaison est faite entre les résultats de cette étude et des travaux théoriques et expérimentaux antérieurs.
    Notes: Abstract A numerical solution to the three-dimensional equations of elasticity is presented for the problem of a semi-elliptical surface crack in the surface of a finite thickness solid. The alternating method is used to develop the numerical results which incorporate the effects on the stress intensity factor due to the presence of both the front and the back surfaces. The stress intensity factor is presented as a function of position along the crack border for a variety of crack shapes and crack depths. A comparison of the results of this study is made with previous theoretical and experimental work.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 864-868 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Stylosanthes ; DNA marker ; Sequence-tagged-sites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genome-specific DNA markers are of great value in many applications. Recent work on different plants and animal species indicated that PCR- (polymerase chain reaction) based genetic marker systems using specific primers are highly genome-specific. To test the genome specificity of sequence-tagged-sites (STSs) as genetic markers in Stylosanthes, 20 pairs of primers were generated. Fifteen were from randomly selected single-copy Pstl genomic clones, and the other five were from two known gene sequences. These primer pairs were analysed against a set of 24 genotypes representing 12 different Stylosanthes species. Thirteen of these primer pairs amplified successfully. Overall, there was a low level of genome specificity, suggesting a low degree of genomic divergence within this group of Stylosanthes species. Of the 312 entries (24 genotypes by 13 primer pairs), PCR amplifications were unsuccessful (little or no products) in only 16 cases. The number of banding patterns detected by each of these primer pairs varied from 2 to 12 with an average pair-wise polymorphism of 44.3%. The level of intraspecific variation detected on normal agarose gels was only 3.8%. Further evidence that diploid S. hamata and diploid S. humilis are progenitors of tetraploid S. hamata and that S. viscosa is a progenitor of S. scabra, was obtained.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 5 (1971), S. 683-699 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The superconducting critical fields of pure Zn and of a series ofZnMn alloys have been measured as a function of temperatureT down to 0.06 K. The critical fields have been used to calculate the entropy difference between the normal and superconducting states. For all the alloys studied, the entropy in the superconducting state is proportional toT asT → 0, indicating a finite density of states at the Fermi energy. We interpret this result as evidence for the existence of localized bound states within the energy gap centered at the Mn impurities. Results obtained for the depression ofT c , for the critical field atT=0, for the jump in specific heat atT c , and for the law of corresponding states are also presented and compared with the predictions of the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory. A simple expression relating the critical fields of these alloys to the Mn concentration has been found to be in very good agreement with experiment.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 251-254 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cerium ; computer simulation ; lanthanum ; nutrient solutions ; phosphate precipitation ; REE species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The interpretation of results of some experiments examining effects of rare earth elements (REE) on plant growth may have been complicated by rare earth phosphate precipitation. Simulations were undertaken using the computer model GEOCHEM-PC to define REE solubility limits and predict REE species in low and high ionic strength nutrient solutions. In low ionic strength solutions containing 5 μM P, lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4) precipitation is predicted to occur at solution pH〉4.0, reaching a maximum (〉95% of total) at pH 5.5. In high ionic strength solutions (1000 μM P) over 95% of the La is predicted to precipitate as phosphate at pH〉4.0. The predicted behaviour of cerium (Ce) was closely similar to that for La. At pH 5.5, the concentration of REE species in solution can be increased only after virtually all the P has been precipitated. Consequently, it is important to consider REE-P interactions in nutrient solutions when investigating REE effects on plant growth.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 155-156 (1993), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: nutrient transport ; ion transport ; permeases ; ion channels ; heterologous expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A number of strategies for identifying and cloning genes involved in nutrient transport and assimilation processes are discussed. Particular attention is paid to phenotypic screening by heterologous complementation of mutations which affect transport processes in other organisms and use of insertion elements in plant genomes. A program in which complementation of yeast mutants is being used to clone genes involved in the uptake and assimilation of sulphate by plants is outlined. Information is provided on the isolation of yeast mutants and their characterization, choice of appropriate shuttle vectors, the construction of cDNA and genomic libraries, and screening of libraries for complementation.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir haben die differentielle Suszeptibilität im niederen Frequenzbereich als Funktion des angelegten Magnetfeldes für mehrere reine Supraleiter vom Typ I, z.B. für Sn, In, Tl, Pb und Hg, gemessen. Besonderer Wert wurde auf die Beobachtung von metastabilen (überhitzten oder unterkühlten) Zuständen gelegt. Wir erhielten experimentelle Werte für den Ginzburg-Landau-Parameterℵ bei der kritischen TemperaturT c und für geeignet definierte, von der Temperatur abhängige Parameter, mit denen wir den Grad des Überhitzens,ℵ sh(t), oder des Unterkühlens,ℵ sc(t), beschreiben. Der plötzliche Abfall vonℵ sh in der Nähe vonT c, den wir in Halbleitern mit einemℵ≪1, wie z.B. in Sn, In und Tl, beobachten, wird als Effekt der nichtlokalen Elektrodynamik erklärt. Cu-überzogene Proben von Sn und In konnten wir bei Temperaturen in der Nähe vonT c bis zum FeldH c2, aber nicht bis zum FeldH c3 unterkühlen. Wir haben auch die Parameterℵ undℵ(t) vom Typ I bis zum Typ II für eine Reihe von SnIn-Legierungen gemessen. Weiterhin haben wir für diese Legierungen sowie für reines Pb das Unterkühlen einer supraleitenden Oberflächenschicht unter das thermodynamisch kritische FeldH c beobachtet. Die gemessenenℵ-Werte werden mit theoretischen Voraussagen, die aus den Parametern des normalen Zustandes hergeleitet wurden, verglichen. Korrektionsterme für die Anisotropie der Energielücke und für Elektron-Phonon Retardierung liegen meistens unter 10%. Die starke Temperaturabhängigkeit vonℵ sh(t), die in allen untersuchten Proben beobachtet wurde, kann man nicht mit den gegenwärtigen Theorien erklären, sogar bei konzentrierten Legierungen, in denen Anisotropieeffekte eigentlich nicht auftreten dürften.
    Abstract: Résumé Nous avons mesuré la susceptibilité différentielle à basse fréquence de quelques supraconducteurs purs de type I (Sn, In, Tl, Pb, et Hg), en champ magnétique croissant ou décroissant, l'observation d'états métastables (superheating et supercooling) étant l'objet d'une attention particulière. Les valeurs expérimentales du paramètreℵ (de Ginzburg-Landau) à la temperature de transitionT c, ainsi que la variation en température des paramètres effectifs associés au superheating,ℵ sh(t), et au supercooling,ℵ sc(t), ont été obtenues et comparées à des estimations théoriques. La rapide décroissance deℵ sh au voisinage deT c, observée dans des matériaux ayantℵ≪1, tels que Sn, In et Tl, est interpretée comme étant une manifestation de l'électrodynamique non-locale. Un supercooling de l'état normal jusqu'au champ de nucléation en volumeH c2, et nonH c3, a été obtenu près deT c dans des échantillons de Sn et In recouverts d'une couche de cuivre. Nous avons aussi déterminé les paramètresℵ etℵ(t) pour une série d'alliages SnIn allant du type I au type II. Dans ces alliages et dans le plomb pur, on a observé et etudié le supercooling de l'état supraconducteur de surface au-dessous du champ critique thermodynamiqueH c. Les valeurs expérimentales deℵ sont comparées à des estimations déduites de certains paramètres de l'état normal obtenus à partir d'autres études à basse température. Les corrections liées à l'anisotropie du gap et à l'effet de retardement dans l'interaction electron-phonon sont généralement inférieures a 10% deℵ. La variation rapide deℵ sc(t) observée dans tous les materiaux étudiés en fonction de la température n'est pas expliquée par les théories actuelles, même dans les alliages concentrés où les effets d'anisotropie devraient disparaître.
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the low-frequency differential susceptibility of several pure type 1 superconductors, viz. Sn, In, Tl, Pb and Hg, as a function of increasing or decreasing applied magnetic fields. Special emphasis was placed on the observation of metastable (superheated and supercooled) states. Experimental values of the Ginzburg-Landau parameterℵ at the transition temperatureT c and of suitably defined temperature dependent parameters for superheating,ℵ sh(t), and for supercooling,ℵ sc(t), have been obtained and compared with theoretical estimates. The rapid drop inℵ sh close toT c observed in materials withℵ≪1 such as Sn, In, and Tl is interpreted as a manifestation of nonlocal electrodynamics. Supercooling of the normal state down to the bulk nucleation fieldH c2, rather thanH c3, has been achieved close toT c in Cu-plated samples of Sn and In. The parametersℵ andℵ(t) have also been determined for a series of SnIn alloys spanning the range between type I and type II behavior. Supercooling of the superconducting surface sheath below the thermodynamic critical fieldH c has been observed in these alloys as well as in pure Pb. The measured values ofℵ are compared with estimates based on normal state parameters extracted from independent low temperature experiments. Corrections for energy gap anisotropy and electron-phonon retardation are typically below 10%. The strong temperature dependence ofℵ sc(t), observed in all the materials studied, is not explained by present theories, even in the concentrated alloys where anisotropy effects should be washed out.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Critical external phosphorus concentration ; Flowing-solution culture ; Tropical grain legumes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five tropical grain legume species were grown for periods from 4 to 20 days in flowing-solution culture at 7 maintained phosphorus (P) concentrations, ranging from 0.25 μM to 16 μM. Critical external P requirements were 0.8 μM for cowpea cv. Vita 4 and soybean cv. Fitzroy, 1.0 μM for pigeon pea cv. Royes, 2.0 μM for mungbean cv. Regur and 3.0 μM for guar cv. Brooks. Plant responses to P deficiency included reduced growth rate, increased root percentage, and increased P uptake potential. The long-term P uptake rates of guar plants were lower than those of the other species at each external P concentration. Guar plants had a low P uptake potential as indicated by short-term32CP-labelled uptake rate studies from 15 μM P solutions. Cowpea by contrast had high short-term uptake rates indicating a high P uptake potential.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 49 (1978), S. 367-379 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In studies on the effect of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on ionic relations inPanicum maximum var.trichoglume cv. Petrie (green panic) most of the non-volatile organic acids that accumulate in this species have been identified and the effect that variations in inorganic nutrition have on the relative amounts of these acids accumulated ascertained. Increasing levels of nitrogen lowered the ratio of monovalent to divalent cations in the plants and increased their total cation concentrations. A deficit of inorganic anions (C-A) that ranged from 747 to 1010 meq/kg dry weight was found in the plant tops. Much of this deficit was balanced by accumulation of oxalate, aconitate, citrate, malate, quinate and an unknown organic anion. The relative contributions that these six organic anions made towards maintenance of ionic balance was altered by changing the levels of potassium and nitrogen supplied to the plants.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 20 (1980), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Results of static fracture tests on PMMA plates with part-elliptical cracks at fastener holes are presented. Experimental configurations include three crack locations with respect to both open and loaded holes. During static testing, slow growth prior to specimen separation allows for calculation of the maximum stress-intensity factor and identification of the location on the crack border at which it occurs. The testing techniques developed produce a simple, economical means of experimentally validating theoretical analyses of crack problems.
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