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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transition from calc-alkaline to potassic orogenic magmatism in the Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 50 (1988), S. 386-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Aeolian volcanic arc displays a wide range of magmatic products. Mafic lavas range from hypersthene normative calc-alkaline basalts to silica-undersaturated potassic absarokites, although the former are spatially and temporally dominant, consistent with the subduction-zone tectonic setting. In addition, intermediate and acidic members of the various fractionation series may be recognised. Large variations in trace element and isotope ratios accompany the rapid calc-alkaline to potassic transition, and it is argued that these may be largely explained in terms of subduction-zone mantle enrichment involving components derived from both basaltic ocean crust and subducted sediments. In addition, it seems that the mantle wedge itself was substantially heterogeneous prior to the onset of subduction zone processes. Not only are these subduction components similar to those proposed in a number of island arcs, but they also resemble those recognised in the ultra-potassic lavas of the Roman province, supporting recent subduction-related petrogenetic models of the Roman magmatism. Although subducted sediment plays an important role in the generation of some potassic magmatism, it is not uniquely responsible for K2O-rich lavas, which are also produced without a large sediment contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01050638
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between caldera collapse and eruptive dynamics during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Phlegraean Fields, Italy (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1996), S. 541-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Campanian Ignimbrite ; Phlegraean Fields ; Caldera collapse ; Ignimbrite ; Co-ignimbrite breccia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Campanian Ignimbrite (36000 years B.P.) was produced by the explosive eruption of at least 80 km3 DRE of trachytic ash and pumice which covered most of the southern Italian peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean region. The eruption has been related to the 12-x15-km-diameter caldera located in the Phlegraean Fields, west of Naples. Proximal deposits on the periphery of the Phlegraean Fields comprise the following pyroclastic sequence from base to top: densely welded ignimbrite and lithic-rich breccias (unit A); sintered ignimbrite, low-grade ignimbrite and lithic-rich breccia (unit B); lithic-rich breccia and spatter agglutinate (unit C); and low-grade ignimbrite (unit D). Stratigraphic and componentry data, as well as distribution of accidental lithic types and the composition of pumice clasts of different units, indicate that coarse, lithic-rich breccias were emplaced at different stages during the eruption. Lower breccias are associated with fines-rich ignimbrites and are interpreted as co-ignimbrite lag breccia deposits. The main breccia unit (C) does not grade into a fines-rich ignimbrite, and therefore is interpreted as formed from a distinct lithic-rich flow. Units A and B exhibit a similar pattern of accidental lithic types, indicating that they were erupted from the same area, probably in the E of the caldera. Units C and D display a distinct pattern of lithics indicating expulsion from vent(s) that cut different areas. We suggest that unit C was ejected from several vents during the main stage of caldera collapse. Field relationships between spatter agglutinate and the breccia support the possibility that these deposits were erupted contemporaneously from vents with different eruptive style. The breccia may have resulted from a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal explosive activity that accompanied extensive fracturing and subsidence of the magma-chamber roof. The spatter rags probably derived from sustained and vigorous pyroclastic fountains. We propose that the association lithic-rich breccia and spatter agglutinate records the occurrence of catastrophic piecemeal collapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304438
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of fluoromethane photoionization cross sections and angular distributions (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of structural chemistry 30 (1989), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8779
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions The valence-orbital photoionization cross sections show a nonmonotone behavior near threshold, which indicates that there are quasistationary states in the continuum. The features in the sections are more pronounced when there are more fluorine atoms [9]. Xα systematically underestimates the cross sections. MSAA gives better agreement with experiment, since the method is parameterized by means of atomic cross sections. The overestimated cross sections near threshold in MSAA are due to the use of phases calculated for the ground-state potential. It is better to calculate the phases for the ionized state, which should shift the virtual level responsible for the overestimation in the continuum. The Xα asymmetry parameters for the upper valency orbitals agree well with measurements. Relaxation and correlation make it problematic to use Xα (essentially a one-electron method) for the inner valency orbitals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748184
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xα SW studies on C ls level photoionization cross sections and angular distributions for fluoromethanes (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of structural chemistry 30 (1989), S. 147-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8779
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748199
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical zoning and crystallization mechanisms in the magma chamber of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) (1999)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 135 (1999), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Products of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius consist of pumice and scoria fall deposits overlain by lithic-rich phreatomagmatic deposits. The plinian fall, which represents most of the magma volume involved in the eruption, ranges in composition from trachyte (SiO2 = 62.5 wt%) to latite (SiO2 ≈ 58 wt%) in the lower one-third of the deposit, whereas the upper two-thirds of the total thickness consists of latitic scoriae with fairly uniform composition (SiO2 ≈ 55–56 wt%). All the products have very low content of phenocrysts (from 4 wt% in trachyte pumice to 1 wt% in the latite scoriae), most of which are not in equilibrium with the host rock. Minerals not in equilibrium, both in trachytic and latitic rocks, consist of discrete crystals of sanidine and plagioclase wetted by trachytic glass and felsic aggregates with interstital trachytic glass. Trends of major and trace elements are consistent with crystal-liquid fractionation processes and rule out syn-eruptive mixing processes between latitic and trachytic magmas. We suggest that discrete crystals and crystal aggregates not in equilibrium with the host rock represent fragments of the crystallising boundary layer at the upper walls of the magma chamber, which were wrenched and admixed into the magma during the ascent. This process diversifies the mineral assemblage and increases the crystal content of the rocks. We propose that diffusive crystallization processes operating at the wall of the chamber allowed the formation of a two-fold layered reservoir with a more mafic, homogeneous lower body and a more evolved, compositionally graded upper body. Around one-quarter of crystals adhering to the upper part of the magma chamber were admixed into the magma during the eruption. The absence of significant syn-eruptive mixing processes and the major role played by diffusive crystallization are consistent with a low aspect ratio magma chamber (width/height 〈1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volcanic hazard assessment in the Phlegraean Fields: a contribution based on stratigraphic and historical data (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Phenomena occurring since 1982 in the Phlegraean Fields, interpreted as precursors of a potential renewal of volcanic activity, have forced us to anticipate some conclusions of a volcanic-hazard study based on the reconstruction of past eruptions in the area, to serve as basis for civil defense preparedness plans. The eruptive history of the Phlegraean Fields suggests a progressive decrease with time in the strength of eruptive phenomena paralleling a migration of vents towards the center of the Phlegraean caldera. Studies concerning the volcanic risk zonation were therefore concentrated on activities during the last 4,500 years and two eruptions (Monte Nuovo and Agnano Monte Spina), that occurred in 1538 and 4,400 years B.P., respectively were selected as the «reference eruptions» from which possible eruption scenarios were drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01961567
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of the persistent activity at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 62 (2000), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Stromboli Persistent strombolian activity Tephrostratigraphy 14C datings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Stromboli, known worldwide as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean", is commonly believed to have been in a state of persistent activity for the past 2000–2500 years. However, historical sources older than 1000 A.D. are not accurate enough to assess if the activity of the volcano was exactly the same as we see at present. In order to attempt to identify the onset of the present eruptive regime, and assess if it has been maintained with the same characteristics through time, stratigraphic and radiometric studies of the recent tephra deposits were undertaken. Up to 4-m-deep stratigraphic trenches, dug at a height of approximately 500 m on the NE flank of the volcano, exposed a conformable tephra pile containing charcoal fragments. One of the most interesting finds was the discovery of a 7-cm-thick weathered bed rich in organic matter (thin palaeosol) approximately 3 m below the surface. The sequence underneath the palaeosol consists of decimetre-thick lapilli fallout beds alternating with ash deposits bearing small charcoals with calibrated ages of between the fourth century B.C. and the first century A.D. The sequence above the palaeosol is charcoal free and consists of coarse-ash deposits with discrete, centimetre-thick lapilli fallout beds composed of crystal-poor golden pumice and subordinate crystal-rich black scoriae similar to scoria/pumice pairs emitted during the more energetic explosions of the present-day activity. The data collected indicate that between the third and seventh centuries A.D., after a period of quiescence, the activity resumed with an eruptive style identical to the present one. We conclude that the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" actually began its activity in a period much later than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450000098
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on “May 18, 1980, Mt. St. Helens deposits in South Coldwater Creek, Washington” by R. V. Fisher, H. X. Glicken, and R. P. Hoblitt (1987) (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 52 (1989), S. 66-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00641388
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between caldera collapse and eruptive dynamics during the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, Phlegraean Fields, Italy (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1996), S. 541-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Campanian Ignimbrite ; Phlegraean Fields ; Caldera collapse ; Ignimbrite ; Co-ignimbrite breccia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Campanian Ignimbrite (36 000 years B.P.) was produced by the explosive eruption of at least 80 km3 DRE of trachytic ash and pumice which covered most of the southern Italian peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean region. The eruption has been related to the 12-×15-km-diameter caldera located in the Phlegraean Fields, west of Naples. Proximal deposits on the periphery of the Phlegraean Fields comprise the following pyroclastic sequence from base to top: densely welded ignimbrite and lithic-rich breccias (unit A); sintered ignimbrite, low-grade ignimbrite and lithic-rich breccia (unit B); lithic-rich breccia and spatter agglutinate (unit C); and low-grade ignimbrite (unit D). Stratigraphic and componentry data, as well as distribution of accidental lithic types and the composition of pumice clasts of different units, indicate that coarse, lithic-rich breccias were emplaced at different stages during the eruption. Lower breccias are associated with fines-rich ignimbrites and are interpreted as co-ignimbrite lag breccia deposits. The main breccia unit (C) does not grade into a fines-rich ignimbrite, and therefore is interpreted as formed from a distinct lithic-rich flow. Units A and B exhibit a similar pattern of accidental lithic types, indicating that they were erupted from the same area, probably in the E of the caldera. Units C and D display a distinct pattern of lithics indicating expulsion from vent(s) that cut different areas. We suggest that unit C was ejected from several vents during the main stage of caldera collapse. Field relationships between spatter agglutinate and the breccia support the possibility that these deposits were erupted contemporaneously from vents with different eruptive style. The breccia may have resulted from a combination of magmatic and hydrothermal explosive activity that accompanied extensive fracturing and subsidence of the magma-chamber roof. The spatter rags probably derived from sustained and vigorous pyroclastic fountains. We propose that the association lithic-rich breccia and spatter agglutinate records the occurrence of catastrophic piecemeal collapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304438
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral correlates for minor volatile compounds from stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1907-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Parasitoid ; Scelionidae ; Tachinidae ; Nezara ; Euschistus ; Eurydema ; Acrosternum ; Trissolcus ; pheromone ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Many terrestrial Heteroptera have small, but functional, dorsal abdominal glands as adults. The chemistry, and associated intra- and inter-specific behavior, for dorsal abdominal gland secretions from 10 species representing four genera of Pentatomidae was investigated. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified in species-specific blends from the dorsal abdominal gland secretions ofEuschistus, Acrosternum, andEurydema adults, including aliphatic, aromatic, and terpenoid constituents. Evidence from bioassays is presented that parasitic Tachinidae (Diptera) and Scelionidae (Hymenoptera) use these secretions as kairomones. A field experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that minor volatiles increase the specificity of the main pheromone component from NearcticEuschistus species, methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate. However, significantly fewer individuals ofE. tristigmus were captured in traps baited with the complete blend for this species than in traps baited with methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate alone. Thus, at the concentrations tested, these kinds of dorsal abdominal gland secretions may be epideictic, promoting spacing in the natural habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033851
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