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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1279-1292 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus taeda ; Linkage map ; AFLP ; Locus ordering ; Genome length estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   De novo construction of complete genetic linkage maps requires large mapping populations, large numbers of genetic markers, and efficient algorithms for ordering markers and evaluating order confidence. We constructed a complete genetic map of an individual loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers segregating in haploid megagametophytes and PGRI mapping software. We generated 521 polymorphic fragments from 21 AFLP primer pairs. A total of 508 fragments mapped to 12 linkage groups, which is equal to the Pinus haploid chromosome number. Bootstrap locus order matrices and recombination matrices generated by PGRI were used to select 184 framework markers that could be ordered confidently. Order support was also evaluated using log likelihood criteria in MAPMAKER. Optimal marker orders from PGRI and MAPMAKER were identical, but the implied reliability of orders differed greatly. The framework map provides nearly complete coverage of the genome, estimated at approximately 1700 cM in length using a modified estimator. This map should provide a useful framework for merging existing loblolly pine maps and adding multiallelic markers as they become available. Map coverage with dominant markers in both linkage phases will make the map useful for subsequent quantitative trait locus mapping in families derived by self-pollination.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 705-710 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Average effect ; CAD ; Lignin biosynthesis ; Loblolly pine ; Mutant ; RAPDs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) is a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the final step of lignin subunit biosynthesis in higher plants. Recently, a mutant allele of the cad gene, cad-n1, encoding for the CAD enzyme, was discovered in loblolly pine. By reducing the expression of the cad gene, this mutant has a decreased lignin content and major changes in the lignin composition in wood. In this study, we found that the substitution of a wild-type allele by cad-n1 was associated with a significant effect on 2nd-year shoot elongation in a half-sib family of loblolly pine (designated family 7–1037). The average effect of cad-n1 appeared to increase with tree growth and was greater for stem radial growth than height growth. An increase of 14.1% in de-barked volume in year 4 was associated with cad-n1. Co-segregation analysis indicated that the cad locus itself might represent a gene that governs stem growth in pine. The significance of the mutation cad-n1 for tree growth and wood processing is discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus pinaster ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Protein ; Linkage map ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  TheAFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique was adapted to carry out genetic analysis in maritime pine, a species characterized by a large genome size (24 pg/C). A genetic linkage map was constructed for one F1 individual based on 239 AFLP and 127 RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Markers were scored on megagametophytes (1n) from 200 germinated F2 seedlings. Polymorphism rate, labour time and cost of both AFLP and RAPD techniques were compared. The AFLP technique was found to be twice as fast and three-times less costly per marker than the RAPD technique. Thirteen linkage groups were identified with a LOD score ≥6 covering 1873 cM, which provided 93.4% of genome coverage. Proteins were extracted from needles (2n) of the F2 progeny and revealed by 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis). Thirty one segregating proteins were mapped using a QTL detection strategy based on the quantification of protein accumulation. Two framework maps of the same F1 individual are now available. The first map (Plomion et al. 1996) uses RAPD markers and the second map, presented in this study, uses mostly AFLP markers. Although the total genetic length of both maps was almost identical, differences among homologous groups were observed.
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