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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional and root development factors affecting growth of tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 61 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tissue culture plantlets of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were compared to seedlings to quantify growth and developmental differences. The two plant types were grown in containers in a greenhouse and sampled periodically for twenty weeks. Dry weights and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of the shoots and roots were determined every two weeks.During the twenty weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings grew to a greater size than the plantlets, but the relative rates of growth were approximately equal. Plantlets had significantly lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus per g of shoot dry weight. Seedlings were much more efficient at nutrient uptake per g of dry weight of root. Plantlets had thick, unbranched roots, which were inefficient at nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. Nutrient uptake based on an index of root surface area was equal in the plantlets and seedlings.The main differences between plantlets and seedlings apparently were related to root system morphology rather than physiological processes. The uptake of nutrients showed the greatest difference between the plant types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb06367.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding the genetic architecture of a quantitative trait in gymnosperms by genotyping haploid megagametophytes (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 1031-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Average effect ; Candidate gene ; Genetic architecture ; Gymnosperm ; Megagametophyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The gymnosperms are a group of plants characterized by a haploid female gametophyte (megagametophyte). With the function of bearing the female gametes and nourishing the developing embryo, the megagametophyte has provided a simple way to understand the genetics of gymnosperm species using biochemical or genetic markers. In this paper, a quantitative genetic approach is proposed to study the genetic architecture of a quantitative trait in gymnosperms by taking advantage of the megagametophyte and the concept of average effect of a gene. Average effect describes the value associated with an allele carried by an individual and transmitted to its offspring. Through the genetic dissection of the average effect and genetic variance associated with a gamete carrying candidate genes, this approach can provide estimates of basic population genetic parameters, such as additive, dominant and epistatic effects, allelic frequencies and linkage disequilibrium. The candidate genes, known through their major mutant phenotype, have been reported in gymnosperms. An example for a candidate gene affecting lignin biosynthesis was applied to demonstrate the statistical procedures of the approach and its advantage. The conditions upon which the approach can be effectively used are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype by environment interaction for index traits that combine growth and wood density in loblolly pine (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 1015-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Gain ; K-statistic ; Pinus taeda L. ; Selection index ; Stability ; Tree improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Genotype×environment interactions of individual traits have been assessed in numerous experiments with forest trees. However, since breeding programs rarely aim at the improvement of a single trait, the impact of G×E on index or composite traits must also be assessed. In a study with 12-year-old loblolly pine families in the southeastern U.S., G×E variance was of relatively little importance compared to genetic variance for wood density but was of greater significance for several growth traits. An index that combined stem volume and wood density to improve dry weight but maintain wood density constant (restricted selection index) resulted in substantially greater G×E variance compared to either of the component traits. The interaction variance of an index trait is shown to be a function of the index coefficients and the G×E variances and covariances for its constituent traits. As a result, for some conditions it surpasses the magnitude of G×E variance for each component trait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Average effect of a mutation in lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Average effect ; CAD ; Lignin biosynthesis ; Loblolly pine ; Mutant ; RAPDs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, E.C. 1.1.1.195) is a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the final step of lignin subunit biosynthesis in higher plants. Recently, a mutant allele of the cad gene, cad-n1, encoding for the CAD enzyme, was discovered in loblolly pine. By reducing the expression of the cad gene, this mutant has a decreased lignin content and major changes in the lignin composition in wood. In this study, we found that the substitution of a wild-type allele by cad-n1 was associated with a significant effect on 2nd-year shoot elongation in a half-sib family of loblolly pine (designated family 7–1037). The average effect of cad-n1 appeared to increase with tree growth and was greater for stem radial growth than height growth. An increase of 14.1% in de-barked volume in year 4 was associated with cad-n1. Co-segregation analysis indicated that the cad locus itself might represent a gene that governs stem growth in pine. The significance of the mutation cad-n1 for tree growth and wood processing is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051287
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rootstock effects in grafted conifers: A review (1991)
    Springer
    New forests 5 (1991), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: grafting ; scions ; vegetative propagation ; compatibility ; graft success ; review paper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The literature on rootstock effects (on scions) in conifers was reviewed, specifically: graft success, compatibility, size, reproduction, phenology, crown and needle characters, mineral contents, organic compounds, water relations, disease resistance and wood properties. Scions usually had higher graft success and less incompatibility on more closely related rootstocks although there were exceptions. Even intergeneric grafts have succeeded on occasion. Although there were marked rootstock effects on growth and reproduction, the effects did not follow a pattern with increasing relationship. It is also likely that some crown characters and the nutrient content of scions can be manipulated by the use of rootstocks. For many characters, a specific rootstock may give a desired result only for a limited number of scion types (species, cultivars or clones). With some exceptions, the review shows that the subject has not been comprehensively studied. Many of the studies were either short-term, inadequately replicated, or poorly designed to allow firm conclusions about rootstock effects. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms, which cause the changes seen in morphology, are not well understood. Further research and more comprehensive study of rootstock effects on scion biology are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029306
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  • 6
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    Date of earlywood-latewood transition in provenances and families of loblolly pine, and its relationship to growth phenology and juvenile wood specific gravity (1997)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Rootstock effects on scion growth and reproduction in 8-year-old grafted loblolly pine (1997)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Whole-tree biomass and carbon allocation of juvenile trees of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda): influence of genetics and fertilization (2001)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-01
    Description: To assess the contribution of belowground biomass allocation towards total carbon (C) allocation of two provenances of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), we examined the total biomass allocation of a fast- and slow-growing family from each provenance. Since planting on a xeric, infertile site in Scotland County, N.C., U.S.A., trees in this study have been subjected to one of two nutrient treatments: optimal nutrition or control (no fertilization). Total biomass of 24 (1 tree/family plot × 2 families × 2 provenances × 2 treatments × 3 blocks) 5-year-old (juvenile) trees was harvested in January 1998. Fertilization increased total root, total shoot, and total tree biomass in all families as compared with harvested trees in control plots. Fertilization also increased biomass of coarse-root, woody-root, taproot, stem, branch, and foliar components of families as compared with trees in control plots. Although there were treatment and family differences in standing-crop biomass of the total root, total shoot, total tree, and various individual root and shoot components, the percent biomass (whole-tree) allocation to these tissues remained similar across treatments. Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) analysis indicated some treatment, family, and provenance differences in TNC concentrations and partitioning to starch and soluble sugars. At the time of harvest, TNC concentrations of belowground tissues were much higher than those of aboveground tissues, and enhanced partitioning towards starch in root tissues indicates an important C storage role for belowground tissues at this time. Indeed, more than 90% of the trees starch content was present in root tissue in January. Although constrained by a sample size of three harvested trees per family, this study suggests that biomass allocation on a whole-tree level was similar between fast- and slow-growing families of different provenances of juvenile loblolly pine and was not affected by fertilizer treatment.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Growth of rooted cuttings and seedlings in a 40-year-old plantation of eastern white pine (1984)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: To compare long-term performance of rooted cuttings with seedlings in white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), two 37-year-old (40 years from propagation) experimental plantations of rooted cuttings and seedlings were measured for height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and wood specific gravity. In general, rooted cutting origin trees performed as well as or better than seedling origin trees for survival, height, and diameter at breast height. The number of roots per cutting at planting was significantly and positively correlated with DBH at years 9 and 40. Seedling origin trees had significantly higher (P = 0.05) wood specific gravity at one of the two test plantations.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Stability of juvenile wood specific gravity of loblolly pine in diverse geographic areas (1991)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-01
    Description: The stability of wood specific gravity for 12-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) was evaluated for 18 open-pollinated families and four bulked seed lots representing provenances from the eastern shore of Maryland; Marion County, Florida; Gulf Hammock, Florida; and Livingston Parish, Louisiana. Wood samples were collected from seven plantings chosen to provide a north–south and east–west sample distribution essentially encompassing an area spanning the natural range of loblolly pine. There was significant genotype × environment interaction, and 4 of the 18 families were classified as unstable for specific gravity. These four families accounted for 49.5% of the genotype × environment interaction sum of squares. However, the loss in potential gain in a breeding program for specific gravity due to the presence of a significant genotype × environment interaction was estimated to be only 1%. Loblolly pine from the Florida provenances and from the widely planted Livingston Parish provenance consistently displayed low specific gravity and ranked at or near the bottom at all test locations, including the southernmost plantings.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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