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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of terfenadine and ranitidine on histamine and suxamethonium wheals (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 591-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: terfenadine ; ranitidine ; antihistamines ; histamine-/suxamethonium wheal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the H-1 receptor blocker terfenadine and the H-2 receptor blocker ranitidine have been experimentally tested in wheals induced with histamine and suxamethonium chloride. Ranitidine alone in the standard and a four-fold higher dose did not notably reduce the size of the wheal and flare as compared to placebo. As expected, both parameters were markedly reduced by the H-1 antihistamine terfenadine in full and half-dosage. A combination of the two drugs both in “standard” and modified dosage resulted in the greatest reduction in the wheal and flare. Histamine and suxamethonium-induced wheals reacted in a similar manner to the antihistamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615222
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition kinetics of buspirone in patients with renal or hepatic impairment after administration of single and multiple doses (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Buspirone ; pharmacokinetics ; renal impairment ; hepatic impairment ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of buspirone and its metabolite 1-pyrimidinyl piperazine (1-PP) have been evaluated in normal volunteers and patients with renal or hepatic impairment, using a parallel group design, with assignment of patients to study group on the basis of the degree of renal (mild, moderate, severe) or hepatic (compensated or decompensated) impairment. Each healthy volunteer or patient received a single dose of 10 mg buspirone on Day 1 of the study, and starting 36 h after the first dose, healthy volunteers and patients received 10 mg doses of buspirone every 12 hours for 9 days. On the morning of Day 10 they received the last dose. Serial blood samples were collected on Days 1, 5 and 10 and plasma was analysed for buspirone and 1-PP. The plasma concentrations of buspirone and 1-PP were highly variable regardless of the renal or hepatic function. The peak concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curves (AUC) of buspirone and 1-PP on Days D 5 and 10 were higher than on Day D 1. The trough levels (Cmin) and AUCs (D 5 and 10) of buspirone and 1-PP indicated, that, regardless of renal or hepatic function, steady state was reached after 3 to 5 days of dosing. At steady-state, patients with renal or hepatic impairment had significantly higher Cmax and AUC values of buspirone than in normal volunteers. However, the intensity and frequency of adverse experiences in patients with renal or hepatic impairment were not significantly different from those observed in normal volunteers. There was no correlation between the average plasma concentrations of buspirone ( $$\bar C$$ ) and the degree of renal impairment judged by creatinine clearance. An excellent correlation was observed between $$\bar C$$ of buspirone and serum albumin (r=0.862, and P〈0.0001) as well as between $$\bar C$$ and bromsulphalein clearance (r=0.678, P〈0.0003). In view of high intra-and inter-subject variability in buspirone concentrations, definitive dosing recommendations for patients with compromised renal or hepatic function could not be made, but such patients should initially be dosed cautiously with buspirone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195914
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Speciation of arsenic of liquid and gaseous emissions from soil in a microcosmos experiment by liquid and gas chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) detection (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364 (1999), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a double focusing sectorfield ICP-MS as sensitive element specific detector are used for the speciation of arsenic of liquid and gaseous emissions from soil samples, which were equilibrated in a microcosmos experiment. Speciation of liquid samples was performed by HPLC and hydride generation was used as introduction system to ICP-MS. An online prereduction step was introduced to enhance the sensitivity for As(V). A home-built and laboratory-ready transfer line from GC to ICP-MS is presented and quantification of As in gaseous emissions was performed by external calibration via hydride generation. The microcosmos experiment revealed only low production rates of organoarsenic compounds and reflected a limited capability of the biovolatilization experiment for the simulation of natural systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051369
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kernspintomographie einer Amarylliszwiebel (1990)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 495-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligase chain reaction for the differentiation of cowpox virus from other orthopoxvirus species based on the deletion of two adjacent nucleotides (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 795-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01956448
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acesulfame K, cyclamate and saccharin inhibit the anaerobic fermentation of glucose by intestinal bacteria (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 24 (1985), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Acesulfame K ; Cyclamate ; Saccharin ; caecal bacteria ; glucose fermentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mikroflora des Zäkums von Cara-Ratten wurde, unter anaeroben Bedingungen, in einem pH-Stat mit Glucose inkubiert, um die Säurebildung zu messen. In Gegenwart der Süßstoffe Acesulfam K, Cyclamat und Saccharin wurde eine Hemmung der Glucosevergärung mit den ED50-Werten von 260, 251 bzw. 140 mM gefunden. Die ernährungsphysiologische Bedeutung dieser Beobachtung ist wahrscheinlich gering; die Interpretation der Versuche führt im Rahmen der Bakterienphysiologie zu dem Vorschlag, daß die Süßstoffe auf Glucose-Transportsysteme in der bakteriellen Zytomembran wirken.
    Notes: Summary The caecal microflora of Cara rats was incubated in the pH stat with glucose under anaerobic conditions, and the acid production was measured. In the presence of the sweeteners Acesulfame K, Cyclamate and Saccharin, inhibition of the fermentation of glucose was observed with ED50 values of 260, 251, and 140 mM, respectively. The nutritional relevance of these observations is probably slight; an interpretation in terms of bacterial physiology leads to the proposal that the sweeteners may act on glucose transport systems at the bacterial cytomembrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023668
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prefeeding-dependent anaerobic metabolization of xenobiotics by intestinal bacteria —methods for Acarbose metabolites in an artificial colon (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 25 (1986), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: intestinal bacteria ; colonic microflora ; Acarbose ; anaerobic metabolization ; microorganisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Acarbose wurde mit einem künstlichen In-vitro-System auf Biotransformation durch lebensfähige intestinale Mikroflora geprüft, die aus den unteren Darmabschnitten von Probanden und Ratten stammte. Dazu wurde14C-Acarbose mit Darmkeimen, Nährstoffen und Spurenelementen inkubiert. Das Metabolitmuster von Acarbose setzt sich sowohl bei Menschen als auch bei der Ratte im wesentlichen aus Komponente 2, einem um Ring D ärmeren Homologen aus der Acarbose-Reihe, aus einem basischen Disaccharid, das aus den Ringen B und C des Ausgangsmoleküles besteht, und Komponente 1 zusammen. Letztere Verbindung entsteht durch spontane Umlagerung des nicht faßbaren Acarviosins (Ring A und B) in die trizyklische Verbindung mit Oxazolidin-Struktur. Acarviosin wird bei der Abspaltung von Ring C aus Komponente 2 gebildet. Das Metabolitmuster von Acarbose verändert sich durch eine mehrwöchige Einnahme dieser Substanz im Vergleich zum nicht adaptierten Menschen oder zur nicht adaptierten Ratte gravierend. Adaptierte intestinale Mikroflora liefert sowohl aus Acarbose als auch aus der trizyklischen Komponente 1 reichhaltigere Metabolitmuster. Neben den oben beschriebenen Produkten konnten methylierte, hexosylierte und n-butyrylierte Derivate von Acarbose und/oder Komponente 2 nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary The biotransformation of Acarbose (Bay g 5421) by an artificial in vitro system with viable intestinal microorganisms was investigated. The bacteria were obtained from the colon of man or from the caecum and colon of rats and were incubated anaerobically with14C-Acarbose in a nutrient solution. The metabolites were separated and purified by Chromatographic methods and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H;13C) spectrometry and by mass spectrometry. Metabolites in man and rat are component 2 (minus the terminal glucose of Acarbose), a basic disaccharide consisting of rings B and C, and component 1. This latter substance is formed, after hydrolytic cleavage of the internal glucose of Acarbose, by spontaneous rearrangement of rings A and B (Acarviosine) into a tricyclic oxazolidine. The metabolite pattern of Acarbose is changed profoundly after several weeks of pretreatment of man or rat with this compound. The microflora adapted in such a manner yields in addition methylated, hexosylated, and n-butyroylated derivatives of Acarbose and/or component 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02021251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive fluorescence labelling for analysis of organotin compounds with morin (1992)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 342 (1992), S. 839-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Analytical procedures based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with post-column derivatization with morin for the determination of organotin compounds in peanut oil, water samples or diet mixtures are described. A mixture of the isooctylesters of monooctyl tin and dioctyl tin thioglycolic acid (ZK 30 434), a mixture of the isooctylesters of monododecyl tin and didodecyl tin thioglycolic acid (ZK 32 283) or dibutyl tin difluoride (ZK 38 068) had to be analysed. The data obtained from validation and during routine analysis show that the post-column derivatization with morin is a powerful tool for the selective and sensitive detection of organotin compounds in complicated matrices. Interferences of peaks related to the organotins and the matrix constituents were not found. The values of the limit of detection were 10 μg ZK 30 434 or ZK 32 283/ml peanut oil, 60 ng ZK 38 068/ml water and 2.5 mg ZK 30 434/kg rodent diet mixture. Regarding to the repeatability, the methods described are characterized by values of the relative standard deviation of mostly less than 5%. In case of the determination of ZK 30 434 dissolved in peanut oil atomic absorption spectrometry was used to investigate the accuracy of the HPLC method. A good correlation between the HPLC and AAS data was found. The limits of quantitation were 0.25 mg ZK 30 434/ml peanut oil, 0.22 mg ZK 32 283/ml peanut oil and 1.0 μg ZK 38 068/ml water. The analytical procedures were applied within the framework of the analytical service for validation of toxicological studies according to the guidelines of good laboratory practices (G.L.P.). Both the correct preparation of the formulations and the homogeneity or stability could be checked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322145
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR spectra of57Fe in hexagonal ferrites with magnetoplumbite structure (1989)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 50 (1989), S. 639-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The NMR spectra of57Fe in domains of MFe12O19 (M=Ba, Sr, Pb) were measured by spin echo technique at 4.2 K. The change of the heavy ion causes frequency shifts of lines corresponding to Fe3+ ions in 2b and 4f2 sites while leaving other lines essentially unchanged; the significant role of different Fe3+−M2+ bonding was found. The dipolar broadening of lines in BaFe12O19 caused by random and static displacement of bipyramidal Fe3+ ions from the mirror plane is calculated and the results are compared with the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407702
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Moricandia syndrome in species of the Brassicaceae - evolutionary aspects (1997)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 33 (1997), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Keywords: bundle-sheath ; CO2 compensation concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The CO2 compensation concentration (Γ) and leaf anatomy were determined in 107 species of six tribes of Brassicaceae. There was an abundant bundle-sheath in all investigated species. The Moricandia syndrome, characterized by a high concentration of chloroplasts in the bundle-sheath cells and Γ values 〈 30 cm3(CO2) m-3, was found within species of the genera Moricandia, Diplotaxis and Brassica. Available results from molecular systematics indicate a common phylogenetic ancestor, suggesting monophyletic evolution of the syndrome within the tribe Brassiceae. Nevertheless, Γ values of about 30 cm3 m-3 in some other genera of the tribes Brassiceae and Sisymbrieae indicate an evolutionarily sliding, gradual transition from C3 ancestors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022108229082
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