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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of complement component C5 by human B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 31 (1990), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines were shown to synthesize C5. C5 synthesis was quantitated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that utilized a pool of C5-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some level of C5 synthesis was detected in all eight of the B and T cell lines examined. In three of the cell lines, C5 was detected in both culture supernatants and whole cell detergent lysates, whereas in the other five cell lines, C5 was detected only in the cell lysates. Lymphoblastoid cells with both distributions of C5 were shown to synthesis a messenger RNA that was similar in size to the C5 mRNA expressed by the HepG2 hepatoma cell line. Estimates of the concentration of the C5 transcript in poly(A)+ RNA from lymphoblastoid and HepG2 cells suggested that C5 mRNA levels in the lymphoblastoid cell lines were comparable and about one-tenth of the levels in HepG2 cells. Lymphoblastoid C5, isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from the supernatants of 35S-labeled cultures, had the same subunit composition as plasma-derived C5, but an α subunit of slightly smaller relative mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211549
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundances in the interstellar medium (1992)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 4 (1992), S. 1-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Isotopes-Galaxy ; Evolution of-Interstellar Medium ; abundances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Recent developments in the theory of element production and the chemical evolution of the galaxy are presented. Following this, observational data and their interpretation are given. A case by case analysis of results for D, He, Li and CNO isotope data in the disk and center of our galaxy is presented; previous results for element gradients are also summarized. The primordial abundances of D and He cannot be directly obtained from observations; corrections for stellar processing are discussed. From these data and the Li abundances, it appears that the abundance of the light elements is consistent with the standard big bang. In agreement with previous results, the range ofη, the baryon to photon ratio, is 5–8 10−10. If the amount of non-baryonic matter is small, these results indicate an open universe, in the standard big bang model. New data show a gradient in the (12C/13C) and (16O/18O) ratios with galactocentric distance, DGC. The presence of a gradient in the (14N/15N) ratio is less clear and there is no measurable gradient in the (32S/34S) ratio. In the interstellar medium near the sun, the carbon isotope ratio is −20 percent lower than the solar system ratio. This indicates that there has been only a moderate amount of enrichment of the nearby interstellar medium since the formation of the solar system. These results and previously determined galactic element gradients are interpreted in the framework of chemical evolution models. Delayed recycling of nucleosynthesis products is essential for the correct interpretation of the results. Comparisons of data with galactic evolution models are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873568
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-purposes land mapping and resources inventory (1985)
    Springer
    Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Land classification ; Topography ; Natural resources inventory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A land classification and resources inventory of Falcón State was undertaken with the aim of gathering baseline information to help in development planning. The study area, located in northwestern Venezuela, comprises an ecologically diverse region, due both to its varied geomorphology and to its history of human occupation. A landscape approach was used. On the basis of photointerpretation, examination of existing literature, and field work, uniform land units (physiognomic units) were delineated and described in terms of landform, soil, vegetation, drainage pattern, and climate. These were grouped in homogeneous units (HU) on the basis of their potential natural vegetation through the delimitation of climax complexes. The last hierarchy, the land systems, comprise the geomorphogenetically related HU. The results are presented at different levels of generalization and integration, in verbal and cartographic descriptions, and they are stored in standardized formats to ensure ease of comprehension and handling and to meet different needs. This report describes the methods employed for the survey and data presentation, and discusses its applicability and limitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867079
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural modifications toward improved antisense oligonucleotides (1996)
    Springer
    Perspectives in drug discovery and design 4 (1996), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The medicinal chemistry effort directed toward improving antisense oligonucleotides has resulted in the synthesis of a large number of phosphate, ribose and heterocyclic base analogs. Most of the data published to date has evaluated modifications as to their effect on simple in vitro parameters, such as nuclease stability and melting temperature. From these analyses a number of analogs have emerged as candidates for further study. Currently, there are few well-controlled tissue culture and animal studies with which to evaluate these modifications and this is the challenge for the field of antisense oligonucleotides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of infection of mice with Friend leukemia complex viruses on background antibody-forming cell production in vitro (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 1161-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Friend leukemia complex (FLC) and Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) infections of donor mice depress the production of background antibody-forming cells by splenocytes cultured in the absence of specific antigenic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01922931
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbital forcing in a stochastic resonance model of the Late-Pleistocene climatic variations (1989)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 3 (1989), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Applying a number of simplifying assumptions, we have used a zero-dimensional energy balance climate model (EBM) of the Budyko-Sellers type to investigate the degree to which the climatic variability of the Late Pleistocene can be explained by the mechanism of stochastic resonance. As a logical extension of an earlier version of this model we have included a more complete representation for the orbital forcings to show that a reasonably good agreement with the paleoclimatic record can be obtained. This zerodimensional EBM is appealing because of its simplicity and its ability to reproduce some of the most striking qualitative features of the observed climatic variability with a very limited number of parameters, several of which can be derived from either the observations or general circulation model (GCM) simulations of ice-age conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01058234
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the probability distribution of the late Pleistocene climatic record implications for model validation (1990)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 5 (1990), S. 35-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Some statistical properties of the late Pleistocene climatic changes, as inferred from the analysis of the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the deep-sea δ18O record, are discussed. Estimates of the probability distribution of the SPECMAP record seem to reveal a bimodal character over the last 600 000 years BP, with a transition to a unimodal distribution for a longer time interval. Based on knowledge of the accuracy of the measurements, we try to remove the arbitrariness of such estimates, and by employing a number of different estimators we show that the major features observed are not affected by the particular method used. Possible dynamic interpretations are discussed. The abruptness of many transitions between the two modes and their symmetric occurrence seem to be significant features of the past climatic changes, which should be reproduced by climate models. The distribution of this indicator is then used to compare the performances of two climate models. Various statistical tests are employed and it is shown that, for a proper determination of the physical significance of such tests, information about the accuracy and reliability of the data must be included. For example, the comparison of two generalized isotopic curves, independently developed, shows a correlation coefficient of the order of 70%; therefore any account of the variance of any particular target curve beyond this level cannot be considered significant. These types of analyses suggest how the standard data evaluation and model validation techniques can be improved when discussing the essential features of observed and simulated dynamical systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195852
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the climatic regimes of the Pleistocene using a stochastic resonance model (1991)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 6 (1991), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A global energy balance model employing the stochastic resonance mechanism, previously used to explain the climatic variability of the late Pleistocene, has now been extended to account for the climatic variations over the full Pleistocene. The possibility that extremely long-term changes (of the order of millions of years) in the boundary conditions of the climate system have altered the response of the Pleistocene climate to the external orbital forcing has been investigated. It is shown that, by slowly changing the only free parameter of the model, the system can undergo a pitchfork bifurcation. The bifurcation point separates a linear regime (identified with the early Pleistocene climate) from a strongly nonlinear regime (the late Pleistocene) where the stochastic resonance mechanism produces rapid and symmetric transitions between the two stable steady states of the system. The main differences in the dynamic features of the two regimes are the change in amplitude of the oscillations, the relative importance of the stochastic forcing, the change in shape of the probability distribution, and the corresponding change in the power centered around the 100000 year cycle: in qualitative agreement with the observed geological record. With the introduction of the external orbital forcing, now spectrally complete and included without requiring any additional hypothesis, the model reproduces the previous results, namely the good correlation with the isotopic record, the appearance of the dominant spectral peaks, as well as the “redness” of the power spectrum. In particular, it is shown that the orbital forcing in eccentricity acts as a pacemaker of the major glacial cycles of the late Pleistocene through the mechanism of stochastic resonance. A stochastic sensitivity analysis is then applied to validate the significance of the results and to investigate the predictability of the climate system over the time-scales of the orbital cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209981
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early events of liver regeneration in rats: a multiparametric analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a synthetic analogue of thymidine, has been utilized in vivo to detect the proliferation which occurs in the liver after two-thirds surgical hepatectomy. Immunocytochemical detection of BrdU incorporation has been carried out at both the morphological and flow cytometrical level, while structural changes of regenerating liver have been investigated, using Mallory-Azan-stained paraffin sections, by means of an image analyser. The results obtained show that in vivo DNA synthesis progression throughout S phase follows a pattern similar to that previously described in vitro in both 3T3 fibroblasts and Friend erythroleukemia cells and also demonstrate a precise correlation between morphological patterns of BrdU incorporating cells and their lobular distribution. Moreover, the activation of at least two proliferation waves can be detected from 18 to 34 h after hepatectomy: the former, starting from adjacent regions of contiguous lobules, apparently induces an irregular increase of lobular dimension; the latter, involving both inner and peripheral lobular domains, seems to be correlated with the appearance of nodule-like structures at the lobule periphery. In view of these results the role of the hepatic acinus and the hypothesis of a streaming of parenchymal cells during liver regeneration have been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01450879
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the operating, variables of potato starch fermentation by Schwanniomyces castellii (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1983), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fermentation of potato starch by Schwanniomyces castellii IMAT 3754 was studied at differentsubstrate concentrations, pH values, and nutrient supplementation in a shaken-flask fermenter in a composite design experiment. The experimental biomass yields were fitted to the only two significant factors (“substrate inhibition” and “nutritional” factors) with a mean percentage error smaller than 10% by means of multiple regression analysis. The optimal conditions for maximum cell yield were first established experimentally, and then applied to other starchy materials, such as soluble maize starch, maize starch, tapioca and rice flour. They were then scaled-up in a laboratory fermenter, thus allowing a preliminary kinetic analysis of this fermentation process to be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500830
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