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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of whey fermentation in a jar fermenter (1980)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1980), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fermentation of whey by Kluyveromyces fragilis IMAT 1872 was studied in a 15-l jar fermenter to assess the influence of temperature, lactose concentration, aeration and agitation on the biomass yield. Optimization of the operating parameters resulted in a 57.2% yield. The observations were analyzed in a ‘composite’ design. Canonical analysis and an F-test showed that only the first two principal axes (i.e., “oxygen transfer coefficient’ and ‘lactose inhibition’ factors) of the system under study were significant. Therefore, the observations were fitted to a quadratic expression, by using only these factors: 86% of the data fall within a 10% deviation band. This empirical model allowed the formulation of an operating strategy to select the set of conditions yielding the maximum value of biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-up of whey fermentation in a pilot-scale fermenter (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1981), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The scale-up of a whey fermentation byKluyveromyces fragilis was carried out in order to reproduce on a larger scale (100-l fermenter) the results obtained on a smaller scale (15-l fermenter). Using a standard procedure for inoculum development and medium pasteurization, the effects of mixing and lactose concentration on yeast growth, lactose consumption, COD reduction and dissolved oxygen have been studied. The most successful operation for this fermentation was found to be associated with high stirring rates and low lactose concentrations, since the process was controlled by both oxygen and lactose concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01008339
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling-up of a batch whey fermentation by Kluyveromyces fragilis (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A whey fermentation by Kluyveromyces fragilis was scaled-up to a 1000-dm3 stirred fermentor, by varying the stirrer speed, the air-flow rate and the initial concentration of lactose. Its evolution was simulated by applying the same unstructured model (consisting of a microbial specific growth rate of pseudo-first order with respect to the COD concentration and constant biomass yield per unit COD removed) set up in previous experiments using 8- to 80-dm3 fermentors. Despite the great scale-up ratios, very different operating conditions, and geometric dissimilarity, a series of empirical regressions previously developed allowed approximate, but acceptable prediction of the stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients of the above mathematical model, thus confirming the capability of this model to provide a reliable basis for further scale-up of this fermentation process to a production scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270783
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of cyclic fed-batch plus batch polygalacturonase production by Aureobasidium pullulans on raw orange peel (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 742-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cyclic fed-batch plus batch polygalacturonase production by Aureobasidium pullulans in slurry fermentation systems using raw orange peel as substrate was studied in a 3-dm3 stirred fermentor by setting the main operating variables (T=297°K; pH0=3.2; OP0=3% w/v; n=700 rpm) to optimal values determined previously. In this way, it was possible to stabilize enzyme excretion at 130–140 VU cm−3. The time course of this fermentation process in terms of cell growth, substrate consumption and enzyme synthesis was reconstructed with a mean standard error less than 10%, by applying an unstructured model set up in a batch run and further refined in a series of cyclic fed-batch plus batch operations. In particular, the enzyme formation rate was related to the effect of reducing sugars as inhibitors at higher concentrations and as activators at lower levels by using an exponential equation. Moreover, the consumption rate of reducing sugars was found to be linearly related to the cell growth rate, its specific date being of pseudo-first order with respect to the reducing sugar concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169344
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on repeated production of gluconic acid by immobilised mycelia of Aspergillus niger (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 36 (1991), S. 320-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Gluconic acid production from corn starch hydrolysates by immobilised mycelia of Aspergillus niger was studied in a laboratory-scale stirred fermentor at different concentrations of glucose (S 0) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the culture broth. Its evolution was simulated quite well by applying the same unstructured model set up in previous experiments using stirred and airlift fermentors. In particular, increasing S 0 in the range 70–160 g/l, although uninfluential upon the yield coefficient, resulted in an exponential decrease in the gluconic acid formation rate constant. Nevertheless, the greater the oxygen transfer rate used in the fermentor, the smaller the inhibitor effect of the higher concentrations of glucose on gluconate productivity became. This was achieved by enriching the inlet air with pure oxygen so as to maintain the DO level above 75% saturation throughout the fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208149
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of the process yields of a whey fermentation (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1981), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The biomass yields (y) and COD reduction efficiencies (η) of a whey fermentation by Kluyveromyces fragilis were studied in a 100-1 fermenter at various stirrer speeds and lactose concentrations, and compared to those obtained in 10-1 and 15-1 fermenters at constant values of the oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) and air velocity. The empirical models previously constructed by using the 15-1 fermenter data could be used to predict the yields on the other scales by calculating for each run the 15-1 fermenter which would provide the same oxygen transfer coefficient measured by the sulphite method on each fermenter under study. To make this model independent of stirrer speeds used in each generic fermenter, the effect of aeration and mixing was incorporated into an overall parameter (kLa) and the values of y and η were correlated only with temperature, lactose level and kL a, since these variables were approximately orthogonal. The validity of this model was finally checked against the yields reported by Wasserman et al. (1961) in a 6-m3 fermenter, thus confirming the capability of the model to provide a reliable basis for further scale-up on the production scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505333
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary study on the operating variables of SCP production from grape must (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 16 (1982), S. 204-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fermentation of grape must by Candida utilis ISS 28 was studied at different substrate concentrations, pH values, and nutrient supplementation in a shaken-flask fermenter, by using a composite design experiment. The experimental biomass yields were fitted to the only statistically significant factors with a mean standard error less than 8%, by using multiple regression analysis. Optimal conditions for maximum cell yield were established by plotting a series of loci at constant biomass yield and then verified experimentally, thus confirming the remarkable accuracy of the model
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505833
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of medium composition on microbial utilisation of citrus waste by mixed fungal culture (1985)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1985), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The growth behaviour of Memnoniella echinata and Fusarium roseum was examined in slurry fermentation systems using untreated orange peel as substrate. A composite experiment was then designed to study the effect of orange peel initial concentration and the effect of the nitrogen: peel ratio on crude protein yidld (Y p ) and protein enrichment (Z p ) of the final biomass. The more concentrated the peel slurry, the greater the substrate inhibitory effect on microbial growth becomes. Finally, multiple regression technique allowed both the experimental values of Y p and Z p to be reconstructed with mean percentage errors smaller than 4% and 8%, respectively, and the optimal operating strategy for such SCP production process to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252152
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of biomass from untreated orange peel by Fusarium avenaceum (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 27 (1987), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The growth behaviour of Fusarium avenaceum (Sect. Roseum Wr.) in slurry fermentation systems using untreated orange peel as substrate was studied in a laboratory-fermenter scale to reproduce the results obtained in a shakenflask fermenter. The eventual effect of impeller speed on mechanical disruption of mycelial hyphae was then assessed by determining mycelial growth, total reducing sugars consumption, TOC reduction, carbon dioxide evolution and oxygen absorption rates. In particular, the main biomass yield coefficient, as well as the apparent specific growth rate, appeared to be independent of the impeller speed, at least within the experimental range of 450 and 900 min−1 (equivalent to peripheral impeller speeds of 3.8–7.5 m sec−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257251
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the operating, variables of potato starch fermentation by Schwanniomyces castellii (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1983), S. 92-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fermentation of potato starch by Schwanniomyces castellii IMAT 3754 was studied at differentsubstrate concentrations, pH values, and nutrient supplementation in a shaken-flask fermenter in a composite design experiment. The experimental biomass yields were fitted to the only two significant factors (“substrate inhibition” and “nutritional” factors) with a mean percentage error smaller than 10% by means of multiple regression analysis. The optimal conditions for maximum cell yield were first established experimentally, and then applied to other starchy materials, such as soluble maize starch, maize starch, tapioca and rice flour. They were then scaled-up in a laboratory fermenter, thus allowing a preliminary kinetic analysis of this fermentation process to be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500830
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