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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atrial natriuretic polypeptide ; α-hANP ; pharmacokinetics ; radioimmunassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have analysed the pharmacokinetics ofα-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (α-hANP) in healthy subjects, using a two-compartment open model following bolus intravenous injection. The plasma half-times for the fast and slow components were 1.7±0.07 min and 13.3±1.69 min respectively. V1 (the volume of the central compartment), Vz (volume of distribution) and Vss (volume of distribution at steady-state) were 5370±855 ml (89.5±14.3 ml·kg−1), 32000±4620 ml (533±77.0 ml·kg−1), and 11900±1530 ml (198±25.5 ml·kg−1) respectively. The mean plasma clearance was 1520±121 ml·min−1 (25.4±2.0 ml·min−1·kg−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: liposome ; complement ; cholesterol ; size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The effect of liposome size and cholesterol (CH) content on the pharmacokinetics of liposomes was investigated in rats. Methods. The pharmacokinetics of liposomes was examined using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) as an aqueous phase marker. The extent of complement activation (ECA) was also measured by the release of CF from liposomes in serum. Results. Both the size and the CH content influenced the mean residence time, total body clearance, and the hepatic uptake clearance (CLh) of liposomes. The increase of the size of liposomes increased the CLh at each CH content. There was no CH dependency of CLh in small liposomes (200 nm in diameter), although the CLh increased with the increase in the CH content in large (800 nm) and medium (400 nm) liposomes. A significant interaction effect was observed between liposome size and the CH content on CLh according to the analysis of variance. The good correlation between CLh and ECA indicated the role of complements as opsonins in enhancing the hepatic uptake of liposomes. The interaction effect between the size and CH content on CLh was explained principally by the product of the size and CH content. Conclusions. A synergistic effect was observed between the size and the CH content on CLh. An underlying hypothesis of the synergistic effect was postulated based on the size dependent recognition of liposomes by complement system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1987), S. 595-601 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific granules in porcine hearts were observed in atrial cardiocytes, Purkinje fibers, and transitional cells of the ventricle. These granule-containing cells were immunohistochemically stained by applying the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method using an antiserum against α-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP). Immunoelectron microscopy of sections stained using the immunogold method indicated that these specific granules are storage sites of ANP. Furthermore, an impulse-conducting system consisting of immunoreactive cells was clearly distinguishable from nonimmunoreactive ventricular cardiocytes. We conclude that specific-granule-containing cells, i.e., ANP-producing cells, are located in both the atrial walls and the ventricular impulse-conducting system. The presence of ANP may be correlated with impulse conduction.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Keywords: Deposited light energy; Nitric oxide; Photochemical effect; Photocontraction; Photorelaxation; Thermal effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract . Light induces various vascular tension changes, but these phenomena and their mechanisms remain controversial. We hypothesise that photocontraction results from the thermal effect, and that photorelaxation results from the non-thermal effect of photochemical nitric oxide generation. The isometric tension of a rat aortic ring was measured during laser light irradiation at various wavelengths with constant heat generation. Visible irradiation (458 nm, 514.5 nm) induced either photorelaxation (the tension increment was −20% of the contracted state induced by noradrenaline) or photocontraction (+7.8%); UV irradiation (351 nm) induced only photorelaxation (−41%), and near-IR irradiation (800 nm) produced only photocontraction (+11%). In the vascular tissue, photocontraction increased with deposited light energy, which was proportional to the temperature elevation. Simply heating the vascular tissue also resulted in vasocontraction. Photorelaxation by UV occurred even in the absence of endothelium, and was significantly reduced to 49% of control levels of photorelaxation by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue. Photorelaxation was not reduced by the nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors, N ω-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) and N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). We conclude that photocontraction is produced by the thermal effect resulting from deposited light energy. Photorelaxation might be induced by endothelium-independent nitric oxide generation, which seems to result from the photochemical effect due to photon energy.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 14 (1993), S. 749-762 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have fabricated a millimeter wave observation system using an array of bolometric detectors. The performance of the system depends largely on obtaining identical performance from each bolometer. We achieved a variance in the responsivity of less than 4% except for one of the seven elements. The bolometers had an electrical NEP of 1.3×10−16 W/√Hz under radiation background loading of 30pW. We used an AC bridge readout circuit to significantly improve the stability of the array and showed that observations can be done without a mechanical beam switch. The bolometer array is now in use on the Nobeyama 45-m telescope for 150GHz observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Assignment: λ-cro ; SQC ; HMQC ; 3D NMR ; Isotope labeling ; Secondary structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The assignments of1H−15N magnetic resonances of the λ-cro repressor are presented. Individual15N-amino acids were incorporated into the protein, or it was uniformly labeled with15N. For the13C−15N double-labeling experiments,13C-amino acids were incorporated into the uniformly15N-labeled protein. All the amide1H−15N resonances could be assigned with such specific labeling, and sequential connectivities obtained by two-dimensional (2D)1H−15N reverse correlation spectroscopies and three-dimensional (3D)1H/15N NOESY-HMQC spectroscopy. Conventional 2D1H−1H correlation spectroscopies were applied to the assignment of the side-chain protons. Some of the1H resonance assignments are inconsistent with those previously reported [Weber, P.L., Wemmer, D.E. and Reid, B.R. (1985)Biochemistry,24, 4553–4562]. The sequential NOE connectivities and H-D exchange rates indicate several elements of the secondary structure, including α-helices consisting of residues 8–15, 19–25 and 28–37, and three extended strands consisting of residues 4–7, 39–45 and 49–55. Based on several long-range NOEs, the three extended strands could be combined to form an antiparallel β-sheet. The amide proton resonances of the C-terminal residues except Ala66 (residues 60–65) were hardly observed at neutral pH, indicating that the arm is flexible. The identified secondary structure elements in solution show good agreement with those in the crystal structure of the cro protein [Anderson, W.F., Ohlendorf, D.H., Takeda, Y. and Matthews, B.W. (1981)Nature,290, 754–758].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 95 (1997), S. 149-175 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Infinite-horizon stochastic dynamic programming ; optimal stationary control ; system stability ; chance constrained programming ; production policy under random yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We develop a production policy that controls work-in-process (WIP) levels and satisfies demand in a multistage manufacturing system with significant uncertainty in yield, rework, and demand. The problem addressed in this paper is more general than those in the literature in three aspects: (i) multiple products are processed at multiple workstations, and the capacity of each workstation is limited and shared by multiple operations; (ii) the behavior of a production policy is investigated over an infinite-time horizon, and thus the system stability can be evaluated; (iii) the representation of yield and rework uncertainty is generalized. Generalizing both the system structure and the nature of uncertainty requires a new mathematical development in the theory of infinite-horizon stochastic dynamic programming. The theoretical contributions of this paper are the existence proofs of the optimal stationary control for a stochastic dynamic programming problem and the finite covariances of WIP and production levels under the general expression of uncertainty. We develop a simple and explicit sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of both the optimal stationary control and the system stability. We describe how a production policy can be constructed for the manufacturing system based on the propositions derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-03-27
    Print ISSN: 0007-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0800
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-05-12
    Print ISSN: 0007-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0800
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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