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  • 1
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 688 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The blackbody radiation left over from the Big Bang has been transformed by the expansion of the Universe into the nearly isotropic 2.73 K cosmic microwave background. Tiny inhomogeneities in the early Universe left their imprint on the microwave background in the form of small ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4887-4891 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a low-temperature particle detector that uses a novel quasiparticle trapping mechanism to funnel athermal phonon energy from an 80 mg Ge absorber into a 1.6 mg doped Ge thermistor via a superconducting Al film. We report on pulse height spectra obtained at 320 mK by scanning a 241Am alpha source along the device, and show that up to 20% of the energy deposited in the Ge absorber by a 5.5 MeV alpha particle interaction can be collected into a thermistor via quasiparticle trapping. We show that this device is sensitive to the position of an alpha particle interaction in the Ge absorber for interaction distances of up to 5 mm from a quasiparticle trap. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2638-2640 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the design and performance of compact, low-pass electrical filters, suitable for operation at cryogenic temperatures. The filters are two pole LC filters with a cutoff at ≈100 kHz, an attenuation of −24 dB/octave, and a stop band rejection of −80 dB between 5 and 20 MHz. Their function is to suppress rf voltage noise to sensitive cryogenic detectors. The low-pass filters are realized using surface mounted devices on thin PC boards which can be stacked for maximum packing density. Compact modules containing 14 and 35 filters have been developed and installed in the Infrared Telescope in Space. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 34 (1924), S. 297-304 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß die Ansicht, der Kautschuk verändere sich in seinen Eigenschaften im Laufe der Vulkanisation „vollständig kontinuierlich“, irrig ist. Mit Hilfe der Chloroformextraktionsmethode wird der Anfang einer neuartigen Vulkanisationskurve festgelegt (der KV-Kurve), und es zeigt sich, daß der Kautschuk bei der Vulkanisation eine Reihe von scharf charakterisierten Veränderungen erleidet, die sich teils nach-, teils nebeneinander, abspielen. Der Charakter der KV-Kurve bleibt unter allen Verhältnissen der gleiche. Veränderungen der Vulkanisationsbedingungen (des Schwefelzusatzes, der Vulkanisationstemperatur, des Zusatzes eines Beschleunigers) verändern nur die Geschwindigkeit der einzelnen Vorgänge. Die Vorvulkanisation wird näher untersucht und gezeigt, daß sich in ihrem Verlauf zunächst eine kontinuierliche Viskositätszunahme bemerkbar macht und daß sie mit einem plötzlichen Herabsetzen der Löslichkeit des Kautschuks endet. Nach beendeter Vorvulkanisation setzen zwei gleichzeitig verläufende Vorgänge ein, von denen der eine durch eine Zunahme, der andere durch eine Abnahme der Löslichkeit des Kautschuks charakterisiert ist. Von dem Aufstellen einer theoretischen Erklärung dieser Vorgänge wird zunächst absichtlich Abstand genommen. Diese soll erst geliefert werden, wenn weitere Tatsachen beigebracht sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 74 (1995), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the Far IR Explorer, a MIDEX-class orbital mission designed to survey the entire sky at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths. The primary science goal of FIRE is to map the Cosmic Microwave Background with 20′ resolution and 1 ppm precision. In addition, FIRE will measure diffuse radio and infrared emission from the Galaxy with unprecedented sensitivity, and will uniformly survey the entire sky to a limiting flux density of 〈100 mJy (3 σ).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Space science reviews 74 (1995), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We are developing a novel bolometer which uses a fine mesh to absorb radiation. The filling factor of the mesh is small, providing a small heat capacity and a low geometric cross-section to cosmic rays. The mesh is patterned from a free-standing silicon nitride membrane and is thermally isolated by long radial legs of silicon nitride. A thin metallic film evaporated on the mesh absorbs radiation by matching the surface impedance to that of free space. A neutron transmutation doped germanium thermistor attached to the center of the mesh detects the temperature increase from absorbed radiation. The low thermal conductivity and heat capacity of silicon nitride provide improved performance in low background applications. We discuss the theoretical limits of the performance of these devices. We have tested a device at 300 mK with an electricalNEP=4×10−17 W Hz−1/2 and a time constant τ=40 ms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 14 (1993), S. 749-762 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have fabricated a millimeter wave observation system using an array of bolometric detectors. The performance of the system depends largely on obtaining identical performance from each bolometer. We achieved a variance in the responsivity of less than 4% except for one of the seven elements. The bolometers had an electrical NEP of 1.3×10−16 W/√Hz under radiation background loading of 30pW. We used an AC bridge readout circuit to significantly improve the stability of the array and showed that observations can be done without a mechanical beam switch. The bolometer array is now in use on the Nobeyama 45-m telescope for 150GHz observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 4 (1983), S. 689-706 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: infrared detectors ; composite bolometers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Techniques are described for producing improved infrared bolometers from doped germanium. Ion implantation and sputter metalization have been used to make ohmic electrical contacts to Ge:Ga chips. This method results in a high yield of small monolithic bolometers with very little lowfrequency noise. When one of these chips is used as the thermometric element of a composite bolometer, it must be bonded to a dielectric substrate. The thermal resistance of the conventional epoxy bond has been measured and found to be undesirably large. A procedure for soldering the chip to a metalized portion of the substrate is described which reduced this resistance. The contribution of the metal film absorber to the heat capacity of a composite bolometer has been measured. The heat capacity of a NiCr absorber at 1.3K can dominate the bolometer performance. A Bi absorber has significantly lower heat capacity. A low-temperature blackbody calibrator has been built to measure the optical responsivity of bolometers. A composite bolometer system with a throughput of ∼0.1 sr cm2 has been constructed using our new techniques. In negligible background, it has an optical NEP of $$3.6 \cdot 10^{ - 15} W/\sqrt {Hz}$$ at 1.0K with a time constant of 20 ms. The noise in this bolometer is white above 2.5 Hz and is somewhat below the value predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium theory. It is in agreement with calculations based on a recent nonequilibrium theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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