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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multinucleate transfer cells induced in coleus roots by the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne arenaria (1972)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 75 (1972), S. 381-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and position of wall protuberances in giant cells induced in coleus roots by the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne arenaria is described, and the structure and function of giant cells is compared with that of syncytia induced by cyst-nematodes. Extensive protuberance development occurs on walls of giant cells adjacent to xylem vessels. Protuberances are less well developed next to sieve elements, and almost absent next to parenchyma cells. On walls between giant cells they occur on both sides or only one side. The formation of protuberances indicates that giant cells are multinucleate transfer cells. The position of protuberances marks the wall area where solutes enter the cell. Solutes are obtained from xylem and phloem elements, and the position of protuberances at the junction between giant cells and vascular elements indicates an extensive flow of solutes along cell walls. The observations support the hypothesis that wall protuberances form as a result of selective solute flow across the plasmalemma. No cell wall dissolution was observed, although wall gaps may occur between giant cells as a result of breakage during rapid cell expansion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282117
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmembrane potentials of parenchyma cells and nematode-induced transfer cells (1975)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 85 (1975), S. 15-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparison of transmembrane potential (pd) properties of parenchyma cells and giant transfer cells induced by a root-knot nematode in the roots ofImpatiens balsamina has been made. Apart from some differences in rate of response to a few treatments, parenchyma and giant cells had similar pd values; active and passive components of the pd (cyanide, azide); responses to total ion concentration, pH and potassium concentration; responses to protein synthesis inhibitors (puromycin, cycloheximide and actinomycin D) and responses to sugars. Both parenchyma cells and giant cells are depolarized by puromycin, cycloheximide and actinomycin D. The cells recover from the depolarization in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting that this presumed protein synthesis inhibitor does not act in a straight-forward manner. The cells do not recover in the presence of puromycin or actinomycin D. Parenchyma cells and giant cells clearly have different metabolic rates and ion fluxes, but their pd responses are the same. This suggests that the pd does not reflect metabolic activity or ion fluxes of a cell, but is strictly controlled in itself. Part of this control may be via a feedback mechanism acting on an electrogenic pump. The depolarization caused by glucose is induced by aging the cells after excision. The effect is discussed in terms of an H+ dependent cotransport system and an ATPase permease system. The apparent normality of pd responses of nematode-induced giant transfer cells suggests that they may be a useful model system for experiments on higher plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567756
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved efficiency of genotype-dependent regeneration from protoplasts of important potato cultivars (1986)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 5 (1986), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The regeneration of protoplasts from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cvs. Desiree and King Edward has been significantly improved. Different shoot culture media were required for the release of viable protoplasts from cvs. Maris Piper and Desiree, and the response of protoplasts to different culture conditions depended upon the cultivar genotype of the protoplast source. Using protoplast isolation media containing 6mM CaCl2 improved protoplast viability and culture in enriched media lead to the reproducible and relatively efficient recovery of colonies from protoplasts of these cultivars. Over 70% of protoplast-derived calli from King Edward and Desiree regenerated shoots. Many shoots were grown to mature plants in soil. This is the first report of the regeneration of mature Desiree plants from protoplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269723
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellins and the photoperiodic control of stem elongation in the long-day plant Agrostemma githago L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrostemma ; Gibberellin ; Growth retardant ; Photoperiodism ; Stem elongation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Agrostemma githago is a long-day rosette plant in which transfer from short days (SD) to long days (LD) results in rapid stem elongation, following a lag phase of 7–8 d. Application of gibberellin A20 (GA20) stimulated stem elongation in plants under SD, while 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidine-carboxylate methyl chloride (AMO-1618, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) inhibited stem elongation in plants exposed to LD. This inhibition of stem elongation by AMO-1618 was overcome by simultaneous application of GA20, indicating that GAs play a role in the photoperiodic control of stem elongation in this species. Endogenous GA-like substances were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and the d-5 corn (Zea mays L.) assay. Three zones with GA-like activity were detected and designated, in order of decreasing polarity, as A, B, and C. A transient, 10-fold increase in the activity of zone B occurred after 8–10 LD, coincident with the transition from lag phase to the phase of rapid stem elongation. After 16 LD the activity in this zone had returned to a level similar to that under SD, even though the plants were elongating rapidly by this time. However, when AMO-1618 was applied to plants after 11 LD, there was a rapid reduction in the rate of stem elongation, indicating that continued GA biosynthesis was necessary following the transient increase in activity of zone B, if stem elongation was to continue under LD. It was concluded that control of stem elongation in A. githago involves more than a simple qualitative or quantitative change in the levels of endogenous GAs, and that photoperiodic induction alters both the sensitivity to GAs and the rate of turnover of endogenous GAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384564
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to potato leaf roll virus and potato virus Y in somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Potato ; Solanum brevidens ; somatic hybrid ; PLRV ; PVY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many somatic fusion hybrids have been produced between a dihaploid potato Solanum tuberosum and the sexually-incompatible wild species S. brevidens using both chemical and electrical fusion techniques. S. brevidens was resistant to both potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY), the viruses being either at low (PLRV) or undetectable (PVY) concentrations as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The S. tuberosum parent was susceptible to both viruses. A wide range of resistance, expressed as a decrease in virus concentration to both viruses was found amongst fusion hybrids, four of which were especially resistant. The practicality of introducing virus resistance from S. brevidens into cultivated potatoes by somatic hybridisation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288840
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of endogenous abscisic acid levels in immature cereal embryos during in vitro culture (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 173 (1988), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid in embryos ; Embryo development ; Hordeum (abscisic acid) ; Lectin ; Osmotic stress ; Triticum (abscisic acid)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in immature wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Timmo) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Golden Promise) embryos have been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Embryos of both cereal species showed an increase in ABA content during development on the parent plant. Immature embryos were excised and cultured in vitro on nutrient media that led to precocious germination or on media containing 9% (w/v) mannitol that maintained their developmental arrest. Barley and wheat embryos responded to these culture conditions in an identical manner with respect to changes in morphology, fresh weight, protein and lectin content. However, in complete contrast, the ABA content of barley embryos increased by an order of magnitude during culture on mannitol, whereas that of wheat embryos showed no significant change. The results are discussed within the context of the role of ABA in the regulation of embryo development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394495
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of somatic hybrids by electrofusion in Solanum (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 260-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum brevidens ; electrofusion ; somatic hybrids ; cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Conditions are described for large scale electrofusion of mesophyll protoplasts of dihaploid S. tuberosum with those of diploid S. brevidens. Overall fusion frequencies of 20%–30% were achieved, and following fusion, large numbers of protoplast-derived calli were obtained. Putative somatic hybrid plants were selected from the regenerated shoots by examining their morphological characteristics. Twenty-one somatic hybrids were confirmed by isoenzyme analysis and six somatic hybrids were further confirmed by Southern hybridization. Tetraploid hybrids were obtained, but cytogenetic studies indicated that more of the regenerated hybrids were hexaploid than had previously been found following chemical fusion of the same partners. Some advantages of electrofusion over chemical fusion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257854
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 634-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Lupinus luteus ; Yellow lupin ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; bar gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Transgenic yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) plants have been generated by meristem co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The binary plasmid pPZBNIa contains the bar gene under the control of a CaMV 35 S promoter. The transformation method involves inoculation of embryonic axis explants with A. tumefaciens, flooding the meristem with glufosinate, and initial culture on non-selective medium. Shoots were transferred to culture medium containing 20 mg/l glufosinate. Following subculture, shoots were grafted onto non-transgenic narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) seedling rootstocks, or rooted in vitro. The overall transformation efficiency, as determined at the T1 generation, was 0.05%–0.75%. The transgenic nature of plants grown to the T6 generation was confirmed by phosphinothricin acetyl transferase, PCR and Southern analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050785
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable transformation of sugarbeet protoplasts by electroporation (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1989), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Conditions were optimized for the culture, antibiotic selection and stable transformation by electroporation of suspension culture protoplasts of sugarbeet,Beta vulgaris L.. Highest plating efficiencies (up to 65% at day 21) were obtained if protoplasts were cultured in PGO salts (de Greef and Jacobs, 1979) supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-D, 0.01 mg/l BAP and 9% mannitol, and in 0.6% agarose rather than in liquid medium. Sensitivity to kanamycin also depended on whether protoplasts were cultured in liquid or agarose medium. Stable transformation of protoplast-derived colonies, as determined by resistance to kanamycin and Southern blot analysis, was achieved by electroporation using both rectangular and exponentially-decaying pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716841
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of photoperiod on the levels of seven endogenous gibberellins in the long-day plant Agrostemma githago L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 274-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrostemma ; Gibberellin ; Photoperiodism ; Stem elongation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The following seven gibberellins (GAs) have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in shoots and leaves of the long-day plant Agrostemma githago: GA53, GA44, GA19, GA17, GA20, GA1, and 3-epi-GA1. The levels of these compounds were measured, using selected ion monitoring, during photoperiodic induction. The levels of GA44, GA19, GA17, and GA20 all increased to a peak at eight long days (LD), followed by a decline, while the levels of GA1 and 3-epi-GA1 did not reach a peak until 12 LD. The level of GA53 remained steady over the first 10–12 LD. Later in the LD treatment the levels of GA53, GA44, GA19, and GA17 increased again. The rate of metabolism of all GAs except GA53 was higher after 12–16 LD than under short days. These data thus provide indirect evidence for an effect of photoperiodic induction on GA turnover in A. githago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384565
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