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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Herbivory ; Predation ; Tritrophic effects ; Ephemeral plants ; Chilean semiarid zone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We monitored the cover and seed bank response of shrubs, perennial herbs, and ephemeral plants to experimental exclusion of both the principal rodent herbivore, Octodon degus, and its vertebrate predators from 1989 to 1994 in a semiarid Chilean mediterranean site. Although both richness and species composition of the plant community at the study site were largely determined by abiotic factors (mainly rainfall and soil nutrients), predator and herbivore exclusion had significant effects on the relative abundance of several plant species. Experimental exclusion of herbivores was associated with increased cover of some shrubs and a perennial grass, and decreased cover and seed densities of several ephemerals, especially those exotic or restricted to areas underneath shrubs. Herbivores apparently reduced shrubs through browsing and indirectly affected herb cover and seed densities by opening up areas under shrubs and/or modifying physical and chemical conditions of the soil. Plant responses to predator exclusion were less clear. Nevertheless, higher cover of some shrubs and ephemerals in the presence of predators suggests tritrophic effects through changes in small mammal densities and/or foraging behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Vertebrate predation ; Small mammals ; Semarid zone ; Neotropical mammals ; Chile
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of vertebrate predation have been monitored since 1989 on 16 replicated 0.56 ha study plots in a semiarid thorn scrub community in north-central Chile. Using fences of different heights with and without holes and suspended game netting to alter principal predator (foxes and raptors) and large rodent herbivore (Octodon degus) access, four grids each have been assigned to the following treatments: 1) low fencing and holes allowing free access of predators and small mammals; 2) low fencing without holes to exclude degus only; 3) high fencing and netting with holes to exclude predators only; and 4) high fencing and netting without holes to exclude predators and degus. Small mammal population censuses are conducted monthly using mark-recapture techniques. Degu population trends during 1989 and 1990 showed strongly but nonsignificantly lower numbers in control plots during months when densities were characteristically low (September–November) for this seasonally reproductive species; since March 1991, differences have become persistent and increasingly significant. Predators appear to have greater numerical effects when their prey populations are low. Survival times of degus, particularly established adults, were significantly longer in predator exclusion grids during the 2 1/2 years of observation; thus, predation also affects prey population structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 24 (1980), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Colliguaya odorifera Mol. is the only species of the Chilean matorral which shows an active dispersion of its seeds (autochory). This mechanism is dependent on daily variation of temperatures. Other climatic variables (air humidity of vapor pressure deficit) appear as not having direct influences on seed dispersal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 23 (1979), S. 311-329 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Temperature data for 42 Chilean locations were analysed and heat sums calculated (for base 5°C and 10°C). Also, the length, starting and ending dates of the growing seasons were obtained. Temperature values normally found in Chilean climatological records, i.e. monthly and annual means, were related with temperature accumulations. In Chile it is possible to predict the accumulation of temperature from the annual mean temperature (r=0.995, P〈.001, for base 5°C and r=0.984, P〈.001, for base 10°C) or from the mean monthly temperature of January. In this latter case, a good adjustment with an exponential curve is found (r=0.76, P〈0.001, base 5°C; r=0.78, P〈0.001, base 10°C). For Chile, temperature courses along the year were approximated by using a harmonic analysis. No significant differences were observed between predicted and observed values. By integrating these equations as a function of time, it is possible to determine both the accumulation of temperature and the length of growing seasons for different threshold temperatures. A significant relationship was found between these variables and the latitude, and gradients were also obtained. Differences exist between littoral and continental stations in the extension of growing seasons and the accumulation of temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 25 (1981), S. 281-291 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Seasonality of conceptions in human populations in Chile was studied for a period of 30 years (1945–1974). Clear seasonal conception courses exist in the country, exception made of the northern and southern extremes. Seasonal flux is concentrated mainly in January, but also secondary increases in April and June were observed. Along the 30-year period a general pattern of decreasing seasonality is observed. Conception is significantly related to temperature and photoperiod in this country, the maximum rates of conceptions being observed in coincidence with the maximum temperatures and photoperiods. Nonclimatic factors which may be affecting seasonality of conceptions are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Compartmental complexes ; Schiff Bases ; 5-[1-(N-β-benzylaminoethylimine)]-1-phenyl-1,3,5-hexanetrione
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Synthese und Charakterisierung von zwei neuen Liganden, die durch Kondensation von Benzoylacetylaceton und N-Benzylethylendiamin im Molverhältnis 1:1 und 1:2 entstehen, sowie über die Bildung einiger ihrer Metallkomplexe berichtet. DieSchiffsche Base1 (1:1) ist ein potentieller tetradentater, zur Bildung von Zweikernkomplexen geeigneter Ligand, der über zwei benachbarte Koordinationsbereiche NNO(X) (X=Cl, NO3) und OO(XY) verfügt, wobeiX undY exogene Donoratome repräsentieren. Die Reaktion von1 mit PdCl 4 2− gibt den planarquadratischen Einkernkomplex3a, dessen Metallion von einer NNO-Umgebung und Cl− koordiniert ist. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von3a zeigt, daß durch die Koordination des Pd-Ions kein Raum für die Koordination eines zweiten Metallions mit OO(Y, Y)-Umgebung zur Verfügung steht. Vielmehr kommt es zur Ausbildung einer Wasserstoffbrückenbindung, dessen Proton durch eine typische “weiche Säure”, wie Pd2+, nicht verdrängt wird.1 reagiert mit Ni(II)- und Cu(II)-nitrat, wobei wieder nur einkernige Komplexe (3b, c) entstehen (X=NO3). DieSchiffsche Base4 ist ein potentieller Ligand für Zweikernkomplexe.4 entsteht als zweikerniger Hg(II)-Komplex5 bei der Umsetzung von Benzoylaetylaceton und dem Amin in Gegenwart von HgCl2.
    Notizen: Summary The synthesis and characterization of two new ligands derived from the 1:1 and 1:2Schiff base condensation of benzoylacetylacetone with N-benzylethylenediamine as well as some of their metal complexes are reported. The 1:1Schiff base1 is a potential tetradentate, binucleating ligand with two adjacent coordination sites NNO(X) (X=Cl, NO3) and OO(XY), whereX andY are exogenic donor atoms. The reaction of1 with PdCl 4 2− affords a mononuclear, square-planar complex3a with the metal atom coordinated to the NNO site of1 and to Cl−. The X-ray structure of this complex shows that the coordination of the Pd atom by an NNO (Cl) moiety reduces the available space in OO(XY) site for coordinating another metal atom; moreover, the small distance between the two oxygen atoms of the “hard base” site OO(XY) suggests the presence of hydrogen bonding and therefore this proton is not easily displaced by a typical soft acid such as Pd2+. When the same ligand reacts with Ni(II) or Cu(II) nitrates, again only mononuclear complexes3b and3c are obtained with the same donor atoms as for the Pd(II) complex but withX=NO3. The 1:2Schiff base4, a potentially binucleating ligand with two non-equivalent coordination sites NNO(X), was not isolated as a free ligand. However, it gave the binuclear Hg(II) complex5 by the reaction of benzoylacetylacetone and N-benzylethylenediamine in the presence of HgCl2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 75 (2000), S. 299-306 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract. Given Banach spaces E and F, we denote by ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ the space of all k-homogeneous (continuous) polynomials from E into F, and by ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ the subspace of polynomials which are weak-to-norm continuous on bounded sets. It is shown that if E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity, the following assertions are equivalent: (a) ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F) ={\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ ; (b) ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits}(^k\! E,F)$ contains no copy of c 0; (c) ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ contains no copy of $\ell _\infty$ ; (d) ${\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E,F)$ is complemented in ${\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ . This result was obtained by Kalton for linear operators. As an application, we show that if E has Pełczyński's property (V) and satisfies ${\cal P}(^k\! E)={\cal P}_{\mathop {\rm wb}\nolimits }(^k\! E)$ then, for all F, every unconditionally converging $P\in {\cal P}(^k\! E,F)$ is weakly compact. If E has an unconditional finite dimensional expansion of the identity, then the converse is also true.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A simple and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fatty acids, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the same sample in order to explore possible connections between levels of contaminants and fatty acid composition. The method was applied to samples of melon, cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, liver, kidneys, and skeletal muscle obtained from 5 male and 5 female striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) found stranded in 1990 in the northeastern Spanish coasts during the morbillivirus epizootic that affected this cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea. The results indicate that PCBs were dominant in all tissues, with the highest geometric mean concentration being found in melon (903 μg g−1 wet wt); ΣDDTs were also found at high concentrations (111 μg g−1 wet wt, in melon). Statistical analysis indicate that organochlorine concentration was correlated with the fatty acid composition of tissues, although some of these variations can be interpreted as a consequence of a shift in the diet produced in the striped dolphin population. However, other changes such as the negative correlation with arachidonic acid may suggest that the eicosanoid production could have been affected by the extremely high concentrations of PCBs and ΣDDTs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): diclofenac ; dipyrone ; renal colic ; pain score ; vital signs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A randomized, double-blind clinical trial in 50 patients was done to compare the efficacy and tolerance of single doses of intramuscular diclofenac 75 mg and dipyrone 2 g in acute renal colic. Both drugs were equally effective, but diclofenac was better in terms of complete relief of pain. Vital signs were affected according to the stress and pain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 28 (1984), S. 29-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Mortality of human populations in Chile was studied from a latitudinal and seasonal perspective, and related to climate and main diseases. Approximately 3 mill. deaths were analyzed. Seasonality considered along a latitudinal and climatic gradient is almost absent in the northern portion of the country, in the central part peaks are evident in summer, at latitudes 40°S in winter and at 45°S in winter and spring. Seasonality along the years of analysis shows a different behaviour for the different zones of the country and no unique pattern is evident. A clear relationship between the air enthalpy and seasonality of mortality is detected. Circulatory diseases appear as the most important causes of deaths, exception made of latitude 40 where respiratory diseases are the significant causes of deaths. Age groups below one and above 65 years are mostly affected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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