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  • Springer  (23)
  • PANGAEA  (2)
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  • 1
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Beiersdorf, Helmut; Bickert, Torsten; Cepek, Pavel; Fenner, Juliane M; Petersen, N; Schönfeld, Joachim; Weiss, W; Won, M-Z (1995): High-resolution stratigraphy and the response of biota to Late Cenozoic environmental changes in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean (Manihiki Plateau). Marine Geology, 125(1-2), 29-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00021-P
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: An undisturbed 16 m late Pliocene-Pleistocene sediment core spanning 2.6 Myr of deposition was recovered from the Manihiki Plateau by the German research vessel Sonne in 1990. This core 34KL complements the heavily disturbed late Pliocene-Pleistocene core sections of DSDP Site 317, and is well suited for stratigraphic correlation. The sediments consist of calcareous microfossils (93-97% CaCO3), minor portions of siliceous microfossils and detrital minerals. All important calcareous microfossil zones could be identified and correlated with the magnetostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic events, stages and periods. Due to the high degree of silica dissolution, the late Quaternary radiolarian Buccinosphaera invaginata Zone is the only siliceous fossil zone which could be identified. An interval with Globigerinoides gomitulus/pink was found within the middle Pleistocene which is clearly distinguished from the Globigerinoides ruber/pink interval of the late Pleistocene. The magnetostratigraphic Gauss-Matuyama and Matuyama-Brunhes boundaries as well as the Olduvai and Jaramillo events were clearly identified. The d18O curve displays the 100 kyr (Milankovitch) and the 41 kyr (Laplace) cyclicity periods. The beginning of the Laplace Period and the last occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Discoaster brouweri, which marks the end of the Pliocene, fall within the base of the Olduvai Event. There is also a marked drop in sedimentation rates around this time, which seems to be a regional phenomenon. Prominent 3.5 kHz subbottom reflectors at 8 ms and 15 ms reflection time are related to lithologic changes near the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (MPR) and the beginning of the Laplace Period or the Pleistocene, respectively. It is possible to trace these reflectors laterally to the eroded eastern edge of the Manihiki Plateau where they can be tied to older strata.
    Keywords: Age model; Age model, paleomag, Cande and Kent (1992); Boundary description; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; KL; Manihiki Plateau, Pacific Ocean; Piston corer (BGR type); SO67/2; SO67-34KL; Sonne
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: The deposits from the DSDP Site 424 hole are divided into two major categories according to the relative proportions of the green clay-rich fractions and the presence of Fe-Mn concretions. The Fe-Mn concretions are associated with interlayers of pelagic foraminiferal nannofossil ooze from the Upper Pleistocene. This carbonate ooze is rather enriched in Mn by comparison with the green clay-rich fractions. Representative carbonate ooze samples have been chemically analysed by Cambon P. and Etoubleau J. from COB-CNEXO (Ifremer) using X-ray fluorescence.
    Keywords: 54-424; Aluminium oxide; Calcium oxide; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Elevation of event; Event label; Geochemistry; Glomar Challenger; Identification; Iron oxide, Fe2O3; Latitude of event; Lead; Leg54; Longitude of event; Loss on ignition; Magnesium oxide; manganese micronodule; manganese nodule; Manganese oxide; Nickel; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; North Pacific/MOUND; ocean; Potassium oxide; sediment; Silicon dioxide; Sodium oxide; Titanium dioxide; X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Zinc
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19 data points
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 132 (1990), S. 417-437 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Scattering ; random inhomogeneities ; travel time ; inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scattering at random inhomogeneities in a gradient medium results in systematic deviations of the rays and travel times of refracted body waves from those corresponding to the deterministic velocity component. The character of the difference depends on the parameters of the deterministic and random velocity component. However, at great distances to the source, independently of the velocity parameters (weakly or strongly inhomogeneous medium), the most probable depth of the ray turning point is smaller than that corresponding to the deterministic velocity component, the most probable travel times also being lower. The relative uncertainty in the deterministic velocity component, derived from the mean travel times using methods developed for laterally homogeneous media (for instance, the Herglotz-Wiechert method), is systematic in character, but does not exceed the contrast of velocity inhomogeneities by magnitude. The gradient of the deterministic velocity component has a significant effect on the travel-time fluctuations. The variance at great distances to the source is mainly controlled by shallow inhomogeneities. The travel-time flucutations are studied only for weakly inhomogeneous media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method is presented in which the 15N at.% of urea is determined with high precision on liquid samples containing as little as 10 nmol of urea. The method involves removal of interference from NH4 + initially present in the sample by cation exchange. Urea in the sample is subsequently hydrolyzed to NH4 + by the enzyme urease. Liberated NH4 + is separated from the alkaline sample by diffusion as NH3 through a helium gas phase where it is finally oxidized to N2 by reaction with hypobromite iodine. The isotopically labeled N2 thus formed is mixed with the N2 initially present in the sample, and the 15N at.% of urea is calculated from the relative amounts of 14N15N and 15N15N by means of the isotope pairing principle. The presented method for 15N-urea analysis proved to be precise (SE 〈 0.4 at.%, n = 5), when applied on both marine and freshwater samples with an 15N enrichment 〉1 at.%, and interference was found only from volatile methyl amines.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 741-752 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract To determine the large-scale amplitude variation of marine magnetic anomalies, 16 profiles have been analysed, 8 across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 5 across the East Pacific. Rise and 3 across the Indian Ocean. The profiles were normalized to the age of the anomalies and finally transformed to the same latitude of 45 °. Both ridges show qualitatively the same trend, with the central anomaly over the spreading axis clearly dominating. The flanking anomalies gradually decrease in amplitude until a minimum is reached over an age range from 10 to 30 Ma. Beyond this minimum the anomaly amplitudes progressively increase again to another maximum near the onset of the Mesozoic magnetic anomalies. There exists, however, a distinct difference in the absolute value of the magnetic anomalies for the two oceans analysed. The observed amplitude variation can well be explained by a corresponding variation of the natural remanent magnetization of the upper 1000 meters of oceanic basalts as measured on individual samples from the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Model calculations lead us to propose a 3-layer model for the sources of marine magnetic anomalies: an uppermost layer of 1000 m basalt (corresponding more or less to seismic layer 2) with age-dependent magnetization and two layers, corresponding to seismic layers 3A and 3B with age-independent magnetization. The most likely cause for the age-dependency of magnetization of the uppermost layer of oceanic basalts is gradual low-temperature oxidation of the magnetic minerals contained in the rocks.
    Abstract: Résumé En vue de déterminer la variation d'amplitude à grande échelle des anomalies magnétiques marines, 16 profils ont été analysés: 8 à travers la crête médi-atlantique, 5 à travers la crête du Pacifique oriental et 3 dans l'Océan Indien. Les profils ont été normalisés à l'âge des anomalies et finalement transposés à la même latitude de 45°. Les deux crêtes montrent qualitativement la même tendance, avec une anomalie centrale clairement dominante au-dessus de l'axe de la dorsale. Les anomalies relevées de part et d'autre décroissent graduellement en amplitude jusqu'à atteindre un minimum correspondant à un âge de 10 à 30 Ma. Au-delà de ce minimum, les amplitudes augmentent de nouveau progressivement jusqu'à un autre maximum au début des anomalies mésozoïques. Il existe cependant une nette différence de valeur absolue entre les deux océans. Les variations d'amplitude observées peuvent s'expliquer par une variation correspondante du magnétisme rémanent naturel dans les 1000 m supérieurs des basaltes océaniques, telle qu'on la mesure sur des échantillons isolés recueillis part le Deep Sea Drilling Project. Les calculs de modélisation nous amènent à proposer un modèle à 3 couhes pour rendre compte de l'origine des anomalies: une couche supérieure de 1000 m de basalte (correspondant plus ou moins à la deuxième couche sismique) avec un magnétisme fonction de l'âge, et deux couches plus profondes, correspondant aux couches sismiques 3A et 3B, avec un magnétisme indépendant de l'âge. La cause la plus probable de la dépendance de l'âge dans la couche supérieure est l'oxydation progressive à basse température des minéraux magnétiques contenus dans le basalte.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um den langwelligen Anteil der Amplitudenvariation der marinen Magnetfeldanomalien zu bestimmen, wurden 16 Profile untersucht (8 über den Mittelatlantischen Rücken, 5 über den Ostpazifischen Rücken und 3 über den Indischen Ozean). Die einzelnen Profile wurden hierzu auf das Alter ausgewählter Anomalien normiert und jeweils auf die gleiche Breite von 45 ° transformiert. Beide Rücken zeigen qualitativ den gleichen Trend, mit einer deutlich dominierenden Zentralanomalie über der Rückenachse. Die Anomalien der Rückenflanken weisen graduell abnehmende Amplituden auf, bis schließlich im Altersbereich von 10 bis 30 Mill. Jahren ein Minimum erreicht wird. Jenseits dieses Minimums nehmen die Amplituden langsam wieder zu und erreichen beim Beginn der mesozoischen Anomalien wieder ein Maximum. Allerdings zeigten sich im Absolutwert der Magnetfeldanomalien der beiden Ozeane deutliche Unterschiede. Die beobachtete Amplitudenvariation kann durch eine entsprechende Variation der natürlichen remanenten Magnetisierung der oberen 1000 m der Ozeanbasalte erklärt werden, wie sie auch aus einzelnen Proben des Deep Sea Drilling Projekts bestimmt wurde. Modellrechnungen führen auf ein 3-Schichten-Modell für die Quellen der marinen Magnetfeldanomalien: Eine oberste, ca. 1000 m mächtige Basaltschicht (etwa entsprechend der seismischen Schicht 2) mit altersabhängiger Magnetisierung, sowie zwei Schichten — entsprechend den seismischen Schichten 3A und 3B — mit altersunabhängiger Magnetisierung. Die wahrscheinlichste Ursache für die Altersabhängigkeit der Magnetisierung der obersten Schicht von Ozeanbasalten ist eine fortschreitende Tieftemperatur-Oxidation der magnetischen Minerale in den Gesteinen.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The carrier of the natural magnetization of deep sea sediments was characterized by mineralogical, electron microscopic, and rock magnetic investigations. Magnetic single domain (SD) and pseudo single domain (PSD) particles which are most important for the stable remanent magnetization were separated from the magnetic »coarse fraction« and concentrated as magnetic »fine fraction«. The magnetic coarse fraction consists of lithogenic magnetite and titanomagnetite, which often contains exsolution-lamellae of ilmenite. Both minerals are partially maghematized and occur isolated in the sediment or embedded in rock particles, in regionally different concentrations. The magnetic fine fraction consists of lithogenic magnetite and titanomagnetite and biogenic magnetite (magnetofossils = fossil bacterial magnetosomes), the latter generally maghematized. A graphical method is described which allows the classification and characterization of the magnetic fine fraction by demagnetization of the anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) of whole sediment samples. Three groups with different magnetic properties can be distinguished, characterized by three ARM type-curves: Type A curves are associated with sediments from abyssal plaines. They show nearly identical ARM properties and are typical for magnetofossils. Type B curves are produced by sediments from the vicinity of volcanic regions. Their shapes are variable to a certain degree and indicate two lithogenic magnetic phases. Type C curves are found for sediments from submarine ridges and regions with input of terrigenous detritus. These curves have the largest deviations among each other indicating a magnetic multi-phase assemblage including magnetofossils.
    Abstract: Résumé Les minéraux porteurs du magnétisme dans les sédiments de mer profonde ont été explorés par les méthodes de la minéralogie, de la microscopie électronique et du magnétisme des roches. Les particules qui correspondent à un domaine magnétique unique (SD) et pseudo-unique (PSD), significatives pour un magnétisme rénanent stable, ont été concentrées comme «fraction magnétique fine» après séparation de la «fraction magnétique grossière». Cette dernière consiste en magnétite et titanomagnétite lithogéniques, qui renferment souvent des lamelles d'exsolution d'ilménite. Ces deux minéraux sont partiellement maghémitisés; ils se présentent isolés ou inclus dans des fragments de roches, avec des concentrations régionales diverses. La fraction magnétique fine consiste en magnétite et titanomagnétite lithogéniques, ainsi qu'en magnétite biogénique (magnétofossile = magnétosome fossile bactérien), cette dernière ordinairement maghemitisée. Les auteurs présentent une méthode graphique qui permet de caractériser la fraction magnétique fine à partir de l'examen du magnétisme rémanent anhystérique (ARM) de l'échantillon de sédiment. Cette méthode permet de distinguer trois groupes de propriétés magnétiques différentes, caractérisés par trois types de courbes ARM. Les courbes de type A caractérisent les sédiments de plaines abyssales; elles montrent des propriétés ARM presque identiques et sont typiques pour les magnétofossiles. Les courbes de types B sont fournies par les sédiments voisins des régions volcaniques; leurs formes varient dans une certaine mesure et indiquent un système à deux composants magnétiques lithogéniques. Les courbes de type C correspondent aux sédiments des crêtes sous-marines et des régions à apports terrigènes; ces courbes présentent entre elles des différences plus marquées, ce qui indique un système magnétique à composants multiples, comportant des magnétofossiles.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Träger der Magnetisierung von Tiefseesedimenten wurden mineralogisch, elektronenmikroskopisch und gesteinsmagnetisch untersucht. Magnetische Eindomänen (SD) und Pseudo-Eindomänen (PSD) Partikel, die für eine stabile remanente Magnetisierung wichtig sind, wurden als magnetische »Feinfraktion« von der magnetischen »Grobfraktion« abgetrennt. Die magnetische Grobfraktion besteht aus lithogenem Titanomagnetit und Magnetit die teilweise maghemitisiert sind und teilweise auch Ilmenit-Entmischungslamellen aufweisen. In regional unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen liegen sie frei im Sediment oder in silikatischer Matrix eingebettet vor. Die magnetische Feinfraktion besteht sowohl aus lithogenem Titanomagnetit und Magnetit, als auch aus biogenem Magnetit (Magnetofossilien = fossile bakterielle Magnetosomen); letzterer ist größtenteils maghemitisiert. Es wird eine grafische Darstellungsmethode beschrieben, die anhand von Untersuchungen der anhysteretischen remanenten Magnetisierung (ARM) von Sedimentproben eine Charakterisierung der magnetischen Feinfraktion erlaubt. Es lassen sich dadurch drei Gruppen mit unterschiedlichen magnetischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden, die durch drei Gruppen von ARM-Kurventypen charakterisiert sind. Kurventyp A wird bei Sedimenten aus Tiefsee-Ebenen beobachtet. Die ARM-Daten sind nahezu identisch und zeigen ein Verhalten, wie es für Magnetofossilien typisch ist. Kurventyp B tritt bei Sedimenten aus dem Einzugsbereich vulkanischer Gebiete auf. Er zeigt eine größere Variation und die Form der Kurven spricht für ein System aus zwei lithogenen magnetischen Komponenten. Kurventyp C gehört zu Sedimenten aus submarinen Rücken und dem Einzugsgebiet terrigener Schüttungen. Die Kurvenverläufe sind uneinheitlich und sprechen für ein magnetisches Mehrkomponenten-System mit Beteiligung von Magnetofossilien.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Individuals with the most common form of the porphyrias, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), are believed to be genetically predisposed to development of clinically overt disease through mutations and polymorphisms in genes associated with known precipitating factors. In this study, we have examined a group of Danish patients with PCT for the presence of the C/A polymorphism in intron 1 of CYP1A2. The results demonstrate that the frequency of the highly inducible A/A genotype is increased in both familial and sporadic PCT. This suggests that inheritance of this genotype is a susceptibility factor in development of PCT.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Methode zur sog. “indirekten” Darstellung der erythrocytären Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase (GPT) im Stärkegel berichtet. In Schleswig-Holstein wurde bei einer Stichprobe von 1444 unverwandten Personen folgende Genfrequenzverteilung für GPT gefunden: GPT 1:0,5083; GPT 2:0,4882; GPT 3:0,0035. Die Auswertung von 499 Mutter-Kind-Paaren ergab keine Abweichung von der Erbhypothese.
    Notes: Summary A report is made on a method for so-called “indirect” determination of the erythrocytic Glutamatic-Pyruvic-Transaminase (GPT) enzyme patterns in starch gel. In Schleswig-Holstein in random tests of 1444 unrelated persons the following distribution of gene frequency was found for GPT:GPT 1:0.508; GPT 2:0.4882; GPT 3:0.0035. The evaluation of 499 mother-child pairs showed no deviation from the heredity hypothesis.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Mineral magnetism ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; Mineraliennamen: Nontronite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On heating the paramagnetic clay mineral nontronite for ≈ 30 h at 970 °C in air, a new ferrimagnetic phase forms which was studied by magnetic techniques, microprobe analysis, x-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The new phase has a Curie temperature T c ≈ 240°C and high magnetic anisotropy at room temperature with a spontaneous magnetization 〉12 Am2/kg. Semiquantitative microprobe analyses show Fe to be the dominating consistuent. X-ray analysis points to a lattice which may be similar to that of ɛ-Fe2O3 but differs from it in detail. 57Fe Mössbauer spectra, taken between 78 K and 295 °C, can be deconvoluted into three sextet subpatterns in the ferrimagnetic region which are well resolved at room temperature and exhibit a rather small line width. Above T c, a doublet is visible which is typical for Fe3+ ions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 235-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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