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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copy numbers of chloroplast and nuclear genomes are proportional in mature mesophyll cells of Triticum and Aegilops species (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 264-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aegilops ; Chloroplast DNA ; DNA, chloroplast and nuclear ; Ploidy ; Triticum (chloroplast and nuclear genomes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of estimating the proportion of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) in nucleic-acid extracts by selective digestion with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme PstI, was tested using leaf extracts from Spinacia oleracea and Triticum aestivum. Values of ctDNA as percentage nDNA were estimated to be 14.58%±0.56 (SE) in S. oleracea leaves and 4.97%±0.36 (SE) in T. aestivum leaves. These estimates agree well with those already reported for the same type of leaf material. Selective digestion and quantitative dot-blot hybridisation were used to determine ctDNA as percentage nDNA in expanded leaf tissue from species of Triticum and Aegilops representing three levels of nuclear ploidy and six types of cytoplasm. No significant differences in leaf ctDNA content were detected: in the diploids the leaf ctDNA percentage ranged between 3.8% and 5.1%, and in the polyploids between 3.5% and 4.9%. Consequently, nuclear ploidy and nDNA amount were proportional to ctDNA amount (r(19)=0.935, P〉0.01) and hence to ctDNA copy number in the mature mesophyll cells of these species. There was a slight increase in ctDNA copy numbers per chloroplast at higher ploidy levels. The balance between numbers of nuclear and chloroplast genomes is discussed in relation to polyploidisation and to the nuclear control of ctDNA replication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391425
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autopolyploidy in Dactylis glomerata L.: further evidence from studies of chloroplast DNA variation (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 393-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Autopolyploidy ; Chloroplast DNA variation ; Dactylis glomerata L. ; Intraspecific evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast DNA variation has been used to examine some of the maternal lineages involved in the evolution of the intraspecific polyploid complex, Dactylis glomerata L. Diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) individuals were collected from natural populations of the subspecies glomerata (4x), marina (4x) and lusitanica (2x), as well as from sympatric 2x/4x populations of the Galician type. Digestion of their ctDNA with 11 restriction endonucleases revealed enough variation to characterise three ctDNA variants, designated MBMK, MBmK and mBMK. The distribution of these ctDNA variants reflects different stages in their spread among the populations. The MBMK ctDNA variant predominated at both ploidy levels in subspecies glomerata, lusitanica and marina, and in recent tetraploid Galician/glomerata hybrids. The MBmK variant was detected in a single tetraploid individual and probably results from a relatively recent mutation. Fixation of the mBMK minority variant in the diploid and tetraploid Galician populations adds to the evidence concerning the possible origin of the Galician tetraploids. It means that the Galician diploids were maternal ancestors of the tetraploids. This result complements evidence from earlier studies based on morphology or biochemical markers, and reduces the likelihood that the tetraploids arose by hybridisation between an ancient Galician diploid and an alien tetraploid. It is, however, consistent with a true autopolyploid origin of the tetraploids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast DNA variation between species of Triticum and Aegilops. Location of the variation on the chloroplast genome and its relevance to the inheritance and classification of the cytoplasm (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 247-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Aegilops ; Chloroplast DNA ; Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Wheat evolution ; The B genome donor ; Restriction mapping ; Insertions ; Deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed interspecific and intraspecific variation between the chloroplast DNAs and therefore between the cytoplasms of 14 selected species of Triticum and Aegilops. Eleven distinct chloroplast DNA types were detected, the differences between them residing in the varied combination of a relatively few DNA alterations. The variation was simple enough for chloroplast DNA analysis to be used as a basis for the identification and classification of the Triticum and Aegilops cytoplasms. There was good agreement with the classification based on analysis of the phenotypic effects of the cytoplasm when combined with the T. aestivum nucleus in nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids (Tsunewaki et al. 1976). There was however no correlation between specific chloroplast DNA alterations and any of the phenotypic effects known to be associated with specific cytoplasms. Although the diploid species examined included all those which have been suggested as possible donors of the cytoplasm and the B genome to T. aestivum, none of the chosen accessions belonged to the same cytoplasmic class as T. aestivum itself, except that of the tetraploid T. dicoccoides. Therefore, none of the diploid accessions analysed was the B genome donor. The analyses did however support several other suggestions which have been made concerning wheat ancestry. Scoring the different chloroplast DNA types according to the rarity of their banding patterns indicated that four of the eleven cytoplasms are of relatively recent origin. The DNA alterations most easily detectable by the limited comparison of the eleven Triticum/Aegilops chloroplast DNA types using only 4 endonucleases were insertions and deletions. These ranged between approximately 50 bp and 1,200 bp in size and most of them were clustered in 2 segments of the large single-copy region of the genome. Only two examples of the loss of restriction endonuclease sites through possible point mutations were observed. No variation was detected in the inverted repeat regions. Several of the deletions and insertions map close to known chloroplast protein genes, and there is also an indication that the more variable regions of the chloroplast genome may contain sequences which have allowed DNA recombination and rearrangement to occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308076
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the protein content of individualPergamasus longicornis (Berlese) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 1 (1985), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The protein content ofPergamasus longicornis (Berlese) individuals is of the order of 45 μg bovine serum albumen equivalents and varies depending on gender, time of year and gut colour (postulated nutritive state). Variation between males and females closely matches their size difference. A sinusoidal relationship with a late spring/early summer maximum and a late autumn/early winter minimum is shown for females. Gut colour is a useful predictor in females only. Pregnancy and prey utilisation over the year are suggested as important determinants of protein content and are discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201573
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on feeding in the soil predatory mitePergamasus longicornis (Berlese) (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) using dipteran and microarthropod prey (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 3 (1987), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofMusca domestica andDrosophila melanogaster were tested as prey for adultPergamasus longicornis using soil microarthropods as controls. Fly larvae were fed upon for a longer time and almost continuously. Second-instar larvae ofM. domestica were not eaten completely. No differences were detected between the sexes of the predator. Final-instar larvae ofD. melanogaster were chosen for subsequent experimentation. New field records of soil prey are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01270455
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biolistic introduction of a synthetic Bt gene into elite maize (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; maize ; microprojectile bombardment ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A synthetic Bt gene encoding a truncated version of the CryIA(b) protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis was successfully introduced into elite maize using microprojectile bombardment of immature embryos. The method used to initiate and identify transformation events is described. We describe the detailed parameters used for the Biolistics device as well as the plasmids used for the transformations. The plasmids contained the synthetic Bt gene driven by either the 35S CaMV promoter or a combination of two tissue-specific promoters, leaf and pollen, derived from maize. Specific conditions for the culture of Type I callus from immature embryos, the phosphinothricin (PPT) selection protocol, and the regeneration of plants are discussed. T0 and T1 plants were initially identified using the pH-dependent chlorophenol red test and/or the histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. PCR and Southern data confirm the presence of the 35S CaMV promoter and the synthetic Bt gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023939
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast transfer RNAs and tRNA genes of wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 4 (1985), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fractionation (by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of total tRNA from wheat chloroplasts yields about 33 RNA spots. Of these, 30 have been identified by aminoacylation as containing tRNAs specific for 17 amino acids. Hybridization of labeled individual tRNAs to cloned chloroplast DNA fragments has revealed the location of at least nine pairs of tRNA genes in the segments of the inverted repeat, at least twelve tRNA genes in the large single copy region and one tRNA gene in the small single copy region. A comparison of this wheat chloroplast tRNA gene map to that of maize and of other higher plants suggests that gene rearrangements have occurred during evolution, even within cereal chloroplast DNA. These rearrangements have taken place within the inverted repeat, within the large single copy region and between the inverted repeat and the large single copy region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02418251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coal-mine refuse as backfilling material (1996)
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 14 (1996), S. 129-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: mine refuse ; backfilling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary With increased production and more stringent regulations for air, water and ground pollution control, the safe and environmentally acceptable disposal of coal-mine refuse is becoming ever more demanding. Backfilling may provide an environmentally acceptable method for the disposal of waste materials. Increased resource recovery, enhanced ventilation control, and minimizing surface subsidence, underground coal-mine fires and spontaneous combustion of coal are potential advantages of backfilling. In this paper the physical and mechanical properties of coal-mine waste from different sites are described and the effects of these properties on the duty requirements of fill material are assessed. As a result of testing, it is concluded that if improving ground control is the only reason for backfilling, coal refuse alone does not appear to be a suitable stowing material. If coal-refuse disposal is also a consideration, then it may be more attractive as a stowing material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facility for parity and time reversal experiments with intense epithermal (eV) neutron beams (1988)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 43 (1988), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A facility for polarized epithermal neutrons of high intensity is set up at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for parityviolation and time reversal experiments at neutron resonances over a wide range of neutron energies. The beam is polarized with the aid of a polarized proton target used as a neutronspin filter. Total cross section measurements as well as capture gamma-ray experiments will be carried out. The main features of this system will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02398291
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parity violation at neutron p-wave resonances of238U and232Th and related questions (1992)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 75 (1992), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Parity violation effects have been studied at 40 neutron p-wave resonances of the even-even nuclei238U and232Th. Of these 11 show parity violation effects larger than 2 standard deviations, making parity violation a rather common phenomenon. Parity mixing up to 10% has been found. The root-mean squared matrix elements for parity violation derived from these resonances are M=0.58 (+0.50/-0.25) meV for238U, respectively 1.39 (+0.35/-0.38) meV for232Th.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02398972
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