Abstract
Fractionation (by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of total tRNA from wheat chloroplasts yields about 33 RNA spots. Of these, 30 have been identified by aminoacylation as containing tRNAs specific for 17 amino acids.
Hybridization of labeled individual tRNAs to cloned chloroplast DNA fragments has revealed the location of at least nine pairs of tRNA genes in the segments of the inverted repeat, at least twelve tRNA genes in the large single copy region and one tRNA gene in the small single copy region.
A comparison of this wheat chloroplast tRNA gene map to that of maize and of other higher plants suggests that gene rearrangements have occurred during evolution, even within cereal chloroplast DNA. These rearrangements have taken place within the inverted repeat, within the large single copy region and between the inverted repeat and the large single copy region.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergmann P, Seyer P, Burkard G, Weil JH: Mapping of transfer RNA genes on tobacco chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol Biol 3:29–36, 1984.
Bowman CM, Koller B, Delius H, Dyer TA: A physical map of wheat chloroplast DNA showing the location of the structural genes for the ribosomal RNAs and the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Mol Gen Genet 183:93–101, 1981.
Burkard G, Steinmetz A, Keller M, Mubumbila M, Crouse EJ, Weil JH: Resolution of chloroplast transfer RNAs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In: Edelman M, Hallick RB, Chua NH (es) Methods in chloroplast molecular biology. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1982, pp 347–357.
Driesel AJ, Crouse EJ, Gordon K, Bohnert HJ, Herrmann RG, Steinmetz A, Mubumbila M, Keller M, Burkard G, Weil JH: Fractionation and identification of spinach chloroplast transfer RNAs and mapping of their genes on the restriction map of chlorplast DNA. Gene 6:285–306, 1979.
Gauss DH, Sprinzl M: Compilation of tRNA sequences. Nucl Acids Res 11:r1-r53, 1983.
Graf L, Kossel H, Stutz E: Sequencing of 16S–23S spacer in a ribosomal RNA operon ofEuglena gracilis chloroplast DNA reveals two tRNA genes. Nature (London) 286:908–910, 1980.
Guillemaut P, Keith G: Primary structure of bean chloroplastic tRNAPhe: Comparison withEuglena. chloropastic tRNAPhe. FEBS Lett 84:351–356, 1977.
Godzicka AJ, Augustyniak J: Number of tRNA genes in wheat chloroplast DNA. Two different genes for valine tRNAs. FEBS Lett 156:51–54, 1983.
Howe CJ, Bowman CM, Dyer TA, Gray JC: Localization of wheat chloroplast genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of ATP synthase. Mol Gen Genet 186:525–530, 1982.
Kato A, Shimada H, Kusada M, Sugiura M: The nucleotide sequences of two tRNAAsn genes from tobacco chloroplasts. Nucl Acids Res 9:5601–5607, 1981.
Keller M, Burkard G, Bohnert HJ, Mubumbila M, Gordon K, Steinmetz A, Heiser D, Crouse EJ, Weil JH: Transfer RNA genes associated with the 16S and 23S rRNA genes ofEuglena chloroplast DNA. Bioch Biophys Res Com 95:47–54.
Koller B, Delius H, Dyer TA: The organization of the chloroplast DNA in wheat and maize in the region containing the LS gene. Eur J Biochem 122:17–23, 1982.
Koch W, Edwards K, Kossel H: Sequencing of the 16S–23S spacer in a ribosomal RNA operon ofZea mays chloroplast DNA reveals two split tRNA genes. Cell 25:203–213, 1981.
Kuntz M, Crouse EJ, Mubumbila M, Burkard G, Weil JH, Bohnert HJ, Mucke H, Loffelhardt: Transfer RNA genes mapping studies on cyanelle DNA fromCyanophora paradoxa. Mol Gen Genet 194:508–512, 1984.
Loughney K, Lund E, Dahlberg JE: tRNA genes are found between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes inBacillus subtilis. Nucl Acids Res 10:1607–1624, 1982.
Morgan EA, Ikemure T, Nomure M: Identification of spacer tRNA genes in individual ribosomal RNA transcription units ofEscherichia coli. Proc Nat Acad Sci US 74:2710–2714, 1977.
Mubumbila M, Burkard G, Keller M, Steinmetz A, Crouse EJ, Weil JH: Hybridization of bean, spinach, maize andEuglena chloroplast tRNAs with homologous and heterologous chloroplast DNAs. An approach to the study of homology between chloroplast tRNAs from various species. Biochim Biophys Acta 609:31–39, 1980.
Mubumbila M, Gordon KHJ, Crouse EJ, Burkard G, Weil JH: Construction of the physical map of the chloroplast DNA ofPhaseolus vulgaris and localization of ribosomal and transfer RNA genes. Gene 21:257–266, 1983.
Mubumbila M, Crouse EJ, Weil JH: Transfer RNAs and tRNA genes ofVicia faba chloroplasts. Curr Genet 8:379–385, 1984.
Orozeo Jr EM, Rushlow KE, Dodd JB, Hallick RB:Euglena gracilis ribosomal RNA transcription units. II. Nucleotide sequence homology between the 16S–23S ribosomal RNA spacer and the 16S ribosomal RNA leader regions. J Biol Chem 255:10997–11003, 1980.
Osorio-Almeida ML, Guillemaut P, Keith G, Canaday J, Weil JH: Primary structure of three leucine transfer RNAs from bean chloroplast. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 92:102–108, 1980.
Palmer JD, Thompson WF: Chloroplast DNA rearrangements are more frequent when a large inverted repeat sequence is lost. Cell 29:537–550, 1982.
Rether B, Bonnert J, Ebel JP: Studies on tRNA nucleotidyl transferase from Baker's yeast. Purification of the enzyme. Protection against thermal inactivation and inhibition by several substrates. Eur J Biochem 50:281–288, 1974.
Selden RF, Steinmetz A, McIntosh L, Bogorad L, Burkard G, Mubumbila M, Kuntz M, Crouse EJ, Weil JH: Transfer RNA genes ofZea mays chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol Biol 2:141–153, 1983.
Schwarz Zs, Jolly SO, Steinmetz A, Bogorad L: Overlapping divergent genes in the maize chloroplast chromosome andin vitro transcription of the gene for tRNAHis. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 78:3423–3427, 1981a.
Schwarz Zs, Kossel H, Schwarz E, Bogorad L: A gene coding for tRNAVal is located near 5′-terminus of 16S rRNA gene inZea mays chloroplast genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 78:4748–4752, 1981b.
Spielmann A, Ortiz W, Stutz E: The soybean chloroplast genome: Construction of a circular restriction site map and location of DNA regions encoding the genes for rRNAs, the large subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and the 32KD protein of the photosystem II reaction center. Mol Gen Genet 190:5–12, 1983.
Swamy GS, Pillay DTN: Characterization ofGlycine max cytoplasmic, chloroplastic and mitochondrial tRNAs and synthetases for phenylalanine, tryptophane and tyrosine. Plant Sci Lett 25:73–83, 1982.
Steinmetz A, Krebbers ET, Schwarz Zs, Gubbins EJ, Bogorad L: Nucleotide sequences of five maize chloroplast transfer RNA genes and their flanking regions. J Biol Chem 258:5503–5511, 1983.
Takaiwa F, Sugiura M: Nucleotide sequence of the 16S–23S spacer region in an rRNA gene cluster from tobacco chloroplast DNA. Nucl Acids Res 10:2665–2676, 1982.
Williamson SE, Doolittle WF: Genes for tRNAlle and tRNAAla in the spacer between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of a blue-green alga: strong homology to chloroplast tRNA genes and tRNA genes of theE. coli rrnD gene cluster. Nucl Acids Res 11:225–235, 1983.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mubumbila, M., Bowman, C.M., Droog, F. et al. Chloroplast transfer RNAs and tRNA genes of wheat. Plant Mol Biol 4, 315–320 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02418251
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02418251