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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-20
    Description: Multivalent molecules with repetitive structures including bacterial capsular polysaccharides and viral capsids elicit antibody responses through B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking in the absence of T cell help. We report that immunization with these T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens causes up-regulation of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) RNAs in antigen-specific mouse B cells. These RNAs are detected via a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent RNA sensing pathway or reverse-transcribed and detected via the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway, triggering a second, sustained wave of signaling that promotes specific immunoglobulin M production. Deficiency of both MAVS and cGAS, or treatment of MAVS-deficient mice with reverse transcriptase inhibitors, dramatically inhibits TI-2 antibody responses. These findings suggest that ERV and two innate sensing pathways that detect them are integral components of the TI-2 B cell signaling apparatus.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391621/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391621/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeng, Ming -- Hu, Zeping -- Shi, Xiaolei -- Li, Xiaohong -- Zhan, Xiaoming -- Li, Xiao-Dong -- Wang, Jianhui -- Choi, Jin Huk -- Wang, Kuan-wen -- Purrington, Tiana -- Tang, Miao -- Fina, Maggy -- DeBerardinis, Ralph J -- Moresco, Eva Marie Y -- Pedersen, Gabriel -- McInerney, Gerald M -- Karlsson Hedestam, Gunilla B -- Chen, Zhijian J -- Beutler, Bruce -- P01 AI070167/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI093967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA157996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI100627/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 19;346(6216):1486-92. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6216.1486.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, and McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA. ; Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels vag 16, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8502, USA. Bruce.Beutler@UTSouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/*immunology ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, T-Independent/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cytosol/immunology ; DNA/immunology ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics/*immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Membrane Proteins/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/immunology ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/*immunology ; RNA, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-11-20
    Description: This paper focuses on the existence of periodic solutions for coupled systems on networks with time-delay and linear coupling (CSNDLC). Based on graph theory, coincidence degree theory and the Lyapunov method, a systematic approach for the existence of periodic solutions to CSNDLC is developed. And this approach is applied to the linear coupled oscillators with time-delay on a network. In addition, global asymptotic stability criterion for its periodic solution is obtained. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the results developed.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4960
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3634
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: : Circularized Chromosome Conformation Capture followed by deep sequencing (4C-Seq) is a powerful technique to identify genome-wide partners interacting with a pre-specified genomic locus. Here, we present a computational and statistical approach to analyze 4C-Seq data generated from both enzyme digestion and sonication fragmentation-based methods. We implemented a command line software tool and a web interface called w4CSeq, which takes in the raw 4C sequencing data (FASTQ files) as input, performs automated statistical analysis and presents results in a user-friendly manner. Besides providing users with the list of candidate interacting sites/regions, w4CSeq generates figures showing genome-wide distribution of interacting regions, and sketches the enrichment of key features such as TSSs, TTSs, CpG sites and DNA replication timing around 4C sites. Availability and Implementation: Users can establish their own web server by downloading source codes at https://github.com/WGLab/w4CSeq . Additionally, a demo web server is available at http://w4cseq.wglab.org . Contact: kaiwang@usc.edu or wangelu@usc.edu Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-08-23
    Description: Genetic mutations in NLGN4X (neuroligin 4), including point mutations and copy number variants (CNVs), have been associated with susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, it is unclear how mutations in NLGN4X result in neurodevelopmental defects. Here, we used neural stem cells (NSCs) as in vitro models to explore the impacts of NLGN4X knockdown on neurodevelopment. Using two shRNAmir-based vectors targeting NLGN4X and one control shRNAmir vector, we modulated NLGN4X expression and differentiated these NSCs into mature neurons. We monitored the neurodevelopmental process at Weeks 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6, based on morphological analysis and whole-genome gene expression profiling. At the cellular level, in NSCs with NLGN4X knockdown, we observed increasingly delayed neuronal development and compromised neurite formation, starting from Week 2 through Week 6 post differentiation. At the molecular level, we identified multiple pathways, such as neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and muscle development, which are increasingly disturbed in cells with NLGN4X knockdown. Notably, several postsynaptic genes, including DLG4 , NLGN1 and NLGN3 , also have decreased expression. Based on in vitro models, NLGN4X knockdown directly impacts neurodevelopmental process during the formation of neurons and their connections. Our functional genomics study highlights the utility of NSCs models in understanding the functional roles of CNVs in affecting neurodevelopment and conferring susceptibility to neurodevelopmental diseases.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Precise control of Wnt signaling is necessary for immune system development. In this study, we detected severely impaired development of all lymphoid lineages in mice, resulting from an 〈i〉N〈/i〉-ethyl-〈i〉N〈/i〉-nitrosourea–induced mutation in the limb region 1–like gene (〈i〉Lmbr1l〈/i〉), which encodes a membrane-spanning protein with no previously described function in immunity. The interaction of LMBR1L with glycoprotein 78 (GP78) and ubiquitin-associated domain–containing protein 2 (UBAC2) attenuated Wnt signaling in lymphocytes by preventing the maturation of FZD6 and LRP6 through ubiquitination within the endoplasmic reticulum and by stabilizing "destruction complex" proteins. LMBR1L-deficient T cells exhibited hallmarks of Wnt/β-catenin activation and underwent apoptotic cell death in response to proliferative stimuli. LMBR1L has an essential function during lymphopoiesis and lymphoid activation, acting as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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