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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 244-248 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Physical properties of zinc oxide films deposited by dual-ion-beam sputtering are analyzed to point out the performance of this technique for the deposition of this material. The films are deposited by sputtering a zinc oxide target with an argon-ion beam, while a second low-energy beam, the assistance ion beam, impinges directly on the growing films. Results are presented for ZnO films deposited at room temperature with different oxygen/argon ratios in assistance ion beam and different sputtering ion-beam currents. Elemental, structural, and electrical analyses have been performed on films. All the films show the typical crystallographic orientation, with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate. The oxygen percentage in the assistance ion beam plays an important role in controlling the electrical resistivity of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1143-1145 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of the electrical and optical properties of dual ion beam sputtered zinc oxide films, with resistivities of 10−3 Ω cm, were investigated. ZnO films were deposited at room temperature by argon ion beam sputtering of a zinc oxide target. Argon or hydrogen/argon mixtures of positive ions were irradiated by the second source on the growing film. After heat treatment in air, no significant changes in the electrical and optical properties are observed for films irradiated by hydrogen/argon ions. ZnO films prepared by this method would be useful in the production of transparent and conductive electrodes for practical use at high temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5345-5350 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) and near-field (NF) methods have been applied to study Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides. Ti concentration as a function of diffusion process parameters has been studied by the SIMS method. The main determining factors that were found to affect the depth-diffusion behavior of titanium in LiNbO3 slab waveguides are the initial thickness of the dopant film and the diffusion temperature. Anisotropy in the diffusion rate for Xand has been applied to the refractive index profile reconstruction for single-mode optical channel waveguides. A sharp change in the index at the air–guide interface has been observed, as expected. The dependence of refractive index change on Ti concentration has been found to be nonlinear, such as quadratic, approximately. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7360-7362 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dual-ion-beam technique for the deposition of TiN thin films is described. The metal-atom flux is supplied by sputtering a titanium target with an inert ion beam, while the reactive flux is supplied directly to the growing film by a low-energy ion beam. Results are presented for titanium films deposited at room temperature under a range of N+2 ion bombardment to form TiN. Analysis gives the incorporation of nitrogen, the background gas contamination, and the optical and electrical properties of TiN films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 10-11 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that it is possible to deposit thin films with various CFx composition (1.26≤x≤1.83) by ion-beam sputtering. These materials with "teflon-like'' composition have been deposited at room temperature by Ar ion-beam sputtering of a teflon target; the film chemical composition has been determined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The fluorine-to-carbon ratio of the films, as well as their crosslinking degree, is shown to depend on the energy of the ions impinging on the target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Treatment options against periodontitis attempt to completely remove oral microbiota even if several species in dental plaque demonstrate protective features. Predatory bacteria that selectively predate solely on Gram-negative bacteria might be a viable therapeutic alternative. Therefore, the aim of this study is to in vitro evaluate the susceptibility of some oral pathogens to predation by B. bacteriovorus HD100 in liquid suspension. Cultures of prey cell were prepared in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) broth incubating overnight at the appropriate conditions for each organism to reach log phase of growth. Predatory activity was assessed by measuring optical density at 600 nm after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study demonstrated that B. bacteriovorus is able to predate on aerobic species and on microaerophilic ones (p 〈 0.05) but also that its predatory capacity is strongly compromised by the conditions of anaerobiosis. B. bacteriovorus, in fact, was unable to predate the anaerobic species involved in the present study (F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis). The findings of the study suggest that B. bacteriovorus is able to tolerate microaerophilic conditions and that in anaerobiosis it cannot exert its predatory capacity. Such evidence could lead to its use as an agent to prevent recolonization of the periodontal pocket following therapy. Further studies are needed to investigate the activity of B. bacteriovorus against recently recognized periodontopathogens, alone or organized in biofilms of multi-species communities.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Using a unique dataset of 50 listed companies that meet the majority of the OECD requirements for social impact investments, we construct a social impact finance stock index and investigate how investing in social impact firms can contribute to portfolio risk-return performance. We build portfolios with three different methodologies (naïve, Markowitz mean-variance optimization, GARCH-copula model), and we study the performance in terms of returns, Sharpe ratio, utility, and forecast premium based on a constant relative risk aversion function for investors with different levels of risk aversion. Consistent with the idea that social impact investment can improve portfolio risk-return performance, the results of our macro asset allocation analysis show the importance of a large fraction of investor portfolios’ stake committed to social impact investments.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Sheepdogs’ visuospatial abilities, their control of prey-driven behavior and their motor functions are essential characteristics for success in sheepdog trials. We investigated the influence of laterality on 15 sheepdogs’ (Canis familiaris) spontaneous turning motor pattern around a herd and on their behavior during the first encounter with sheep in a training session. The most relevant finding of this research was that the dogs displayed significantly more aggressive behavior toward the sheep when turning in a counterclockwise direction around the herd. Considering that in counterclockwise turns the sheep were in the dogs’ left visual hemifield, the high frequency of aggressions registered during counterclockwise turns suggests right hemisphere main activation. Overall, our results revealed the existence of a relationship between motor lateralization and aggressive behavior in dogs during sheepdog training and have practical implications for sheepdog training.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: Adoption of soil conservation practices is promoted by increased engagement between researchers and stakeholders. By reporting a case study from southern Italy where farmers have been involved in research projects dealing with soil conservation over several years, we demonstrated that the rate of adoption of conservative technologies is positively linked to the degree of stakeholder participation in the project and that farmers (and other stakeholders) have been driven toward more conscious perception of the complex link between agricultural practices, environmental impacts and socioeconomic effects. The results of this study reinforce the pivotal role of effective participatory processes in soil conservation—evidencing the importance of (i) time required to build relationships and (ii) intensity (and persistence) of collaboration among similar initiatives. Empirical evidence highlights the need to combine different approaches to deal with soil degradation. As well as the participatory time length, the synergies between the methods utilized, and the range of interacting mind sets are also very important.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-0472
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-06-15
    Description: Agriculture, Vol. 8, Pages 85: Soil Conservation Practices and Stakeholder’s Participation in Research Projects—Empirical Evidence from Southern Italy Agriculture doi: 10.3390/agriculture8060085 Authors: Rosanna Salvia Rosaria Simone Luca Salvati Giovanni Quaranta Adoption of soil conservation practices is promoted by increased engagement between researchers and stakeholders. By reporting a case study from southern Italy where farmers have been involved in research projects dealing with soil conservation over several years, we demonstrated that the rate of adoption of conservative technologies is positively linked to the degree of stakeholder participation in the project and that farmers (and other stakeholders) have been driven toward more conscious perception of the complex link between agricultural practices, environmental impacts and socioeconomic effects. The results of this study reinforce the pivotal role of effective participatory processes in soil conservation—evidencing the importance of (i) time required to build relationships and (ii) intensity (and persistence) of collaboration among similar initiatives. Empirical evidence highlights the need to combine different approaches to deal with soil degradation. As well as the participatory time length, the synergies between the methods utilized, and the range of interacting mind sets are also very important.
    Electronic ISSN: 2077-0472
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI
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