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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: According to achieve sustainable production in shrimp farming industry, it is necessary to provide the relief of producers through insurance. Aquaculture faces various environmental conditions such as unpredictable climate changes, epidemic diseases, harsh water factors, that may affect the production cycle, and impact on producer's life. In this research, the effects of various factors on production of cultured shrimp have been studied. The project conducted through completion of questionaries by random selected of small scale farms, and all large farms which engaged in production in that years. In order to increase the accuracy of responses, special questionnaires provided to fill in by expertise experts.All data explained the share of management and natural factors on production process.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Shrimp farming ; Insurance ; Damage assessment ; Standardization ; Risk assessment ; Hatcheries ; Aquaculture ; Epidemic diseases ; Cultured shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 283pp.
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  • 2
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    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Species diversity of aquaculture based on introduction of endemic and exotic species, for various object to aquaculture industry. AS FAO reports in 2012, about 558 different aquatic species have been used for aquaculture production. Among these, 130 marine fishes, 169 fresh water fishes, 45 species of migratory fishes, 62 crustacean, 35 aquatic plants, 4 aquatic products (pearl,), 98 invertebrates and finally 15 other aquatics included. Increasing of world aquaculture production depended on species diversity, and exotic species play the highest rank in this field. Aquaculture development program in Iran emphasized special attention on species diversity since last half century. Wide studies and researches devoted on biology, and exotic species. Iran aquaculture industry studied 27 different exotic species, and 28 endemic species for aquaculture development and sea ranching program. In addition, about 250 different ornamental aquatics, mainly non- native included in house- aquariums. Six different exotic species have the main aquaculture production in cold water, warm water and sea water environments. Rainbow trout is the main species in cold- water, while high valued endemic species of Caspian salmon has not any role in aqua culture production. In warm water fish group, chines carps and common carp are main species, but endemic species same as shirbot, Gattan, Benny and Schizotrox have not used in aquaculture production. Despite of wide researches on marine fishes of north and south sea, not endemic fishes included in aquaculture production. The new developing production of marine fish relied on non- native fish. Although specific duration of shrimp culture based on endemic species of Penaeus indicus, it is about of 10 years that shrimp production relied on exotic species of P.vannamei. In case of sturgeon fish, this new enterprise based on endemic species of Huso huso. Finally, the aquaculture industry of Iran same as most other countries relies on exotic species.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Endemic species ; Exotic species ; Aquaculture development ; Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: According to achieve sustainable production in shrimp farming industry, it is necessary to provide the relief of producers through insurance. Aquaculture faces various environmental conditions such as unpredictable climate changes, epidemic diseases, harsh water factors, that may affect the production cycle, and impact on producer's life. In this research, the effects of various factors on production of cultured shrimp have been studied. The project conducted through completion of questionaries by random selected of small scale farms, and all large farms which engaged in production in that years. In order to increase the accuracy of responses, special questionnaires provided to fill in by expertise experts. All data explained the share of management and natural factors on production process.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Shrimp farming ; Insurance ; Damage assessment ; Standardization ; Risk assessment ; Hatcheries ; Aquaculture ; Epidemic diseases ; Cultured shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 283
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25760 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 07:38:24 | 25760 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Species diversity of aquaculture based on introduction of endemic and exotic species, for various object to aquaculture industry. AS FAO reports in 2012, about 558 different aquatic species have been used for aquaculture production. Among these, 130 marine fishes, 169 fresh water fishes, 45 species of migratory fishes, 62 crustacean, 35 aquatic plants, 4 aquatic products (pearl,), 98 invertebrates and finally 15 other aquatics included. Increasing of world aquaculture production depended on species diversity, and exotic species play the highest rank in this field. Aquaculture development program in Iran emphasized special attention on species diversity since last half century. Wide studies and researches devoted on biology, and exotic species. Iran aquaculture industry studied 27 different exotic species, and 28 endemic species for aquaculture development and sea ranching program. In addition, about 250 different ornamental aquatics, mainly non- native included in house- aquariums. Six different exotic species have the main aquaculture production in cold water, warm water and sea water environments. Rainbow trout is the main species in cold- water, while high valued endemic species of Caspian salmon has not any role in aqua culture production. In warm water fish group, chines carps and common carp are main species, but endemic species same as shirbot, Gattan, Benny and Schizotrox have not used in aquaculture production. Despite of wide researches on marine fishes of north and south sea, not endemic fishes included in aquaculture production. The new developing production of marine fish relied on non- native fish. Although specific duration of shrimp culture based on endemic species of Penaeus indicus, it is about of 10 years that shrimp production relied on exotic species of P.vannamei. In case of sturgeon fish, this new enterprise based on endemic species of Huso huso. Finally, the aquaculture industry of Iran same as most other countries relies on exotic species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Endemic species ; Exotic species ; Aquaculture development ; Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 64
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Epinephelus coioides (family serranidae) is protogynous. This species is one of the most important fishes in food chain of marine proteins of persian Gulf. Therefore knowing about the reproductive biology and physiology of this species is an important role on aquaculture procedures. Monthly samples of Epinephelus coioides were obtained in khozestan Bahrekan province from 2001 to 2002 for annual variation of base line of reproductive hormone. The hormones such as: 17-B estradiol, Testosteron, Progesterone, Gonadotropin I ,II GTHI, II) and cortisol have assayed and also different stages of gonads from the histological point of view were studied by light and electron microscope. Aditional to morphometric and fecundity measurements, the important factors such as : Gonadosomatic index (GSI) Hepatosomotic index (HSI) and Condition factor (KF) were also studied. Environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, photoperiod and pH were analyzed for the determination of effective factors responsible for the changes of reproductive cycles. The flactmation of estroid hormones and gonadotropines show a significant variation in different stages of maturation, e.g 17-B estradiol's concentration in the third stages, GTH II in fourth stages of sexual maturation or final oocyte maturation, plasma Testosteron in post ovulation and Progesterone during maturation indicates the highest levels of above mentioned hormones. The total calcium concentration was high in all year. calcium concentration was correlated with GTH II synthesis and increases with GTH II in June. 17-B estradiol concentration was also correlated with GSI. The high concentration of cortisol throughout the year was an index of stress and development of ovary maturational processes. This species was protogynous synchronous hermaphrodites , and belongs to annual spawning species, being monandric. The sexual transition was found to occure in individuals of 51.2- 105 cm in length. GSI and HSI level confirms the time of spawning period is in April- June. Electrone microscopic studies of gonad tissues showed some changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the post ovulation, maturation and post spawning periods. During the monthly sampling the biochemistry of tissues variations indicated decrease in protein and lipid content, but an increase in water content of spawning fishes which was correlated to the maturation of Epinephelus coioides . sex ratio indicative of higher frequences of females to males during monthly sampling periods. The females were smaller than males in sizes, therefore the females lived in 8-15m depth, but males were living in upper limits of depth. The results indicated that the temperature was the most effective parameter in reproductive cycle of Epinephelus coioides and the mean 24°c was a convenient temperature for spawning. Photoperiod was the second effective. factor on the reproductive cycle for this species. It seemed that the increase in the photoperiod between January to May caused a development of the oocyte. Regarding to the results of this research, it seems that the period of spawning in Epinephelus coioides is in May- June and the aquaculture procedure of Epinephelus coioides could be performed in the above mentioned periods.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fish ; Gonadal tissue ; Hormone ; Fisheries biology ; Reproduction
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Not Known
    Format: 166pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Goal of project implementation was survey of biological roles of Northern pike, Esox lucius, in decreasing of Coarse fish and other un economics organisms in carps ponds and also increasing of final crops in hectare and determination of Suitable ration of pike in ponds. This project implemented by 5 treatment with 3 replicates for every ones in 2 years . The pike density was 200, 350, 500 and 650 fish individuals per hectare for 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 treatment , Respectively, and fifth treatment was without pike. The treatments of 1 and 3 conducted in first year and other in second year of test period. At first, about 26 brooders Caught from Anzali Lagoon, and reproduced by artificial and semi - natural methoods in Sefidroud Pisheries Research Station in 12–14 °c temperature. Produced larvae reared in earthen ponds and fries reached to weight of 10 -12 g after 45 days. Mean weight, length and survival rates of fish was 12.27 and 32.5 g , 11.44 and 15.83 cm , and 40 and 21% after 45 and 60 days , respectively . The carp density in ponds was 3500 fish individualsper hectar and stocking rates were 55 % silver carp, 20 % common carp , 10 % bighead carp and 15 % grass carp . In throughout of the experiment period, physico – chemical factors measured and plankton ( phyto and zoo) , benthos , un wanted fish and other organisms investigated . The biomass of unwanted fishes reduced to 76/81 and 60/6 % in first and second year of experiments respectively. The results showed that Esox lucius had effect in increasing of objective fish produce about 17.9 % and 3.9 % in first and second period of project implementation respectively . The average of fish produce in pond unit ( 2400 m2 )was 842 kg ( 3508 kg/ha ), 825 kg ( 3439 kg/ha ) and 776 kg ( 3232 kg/ha ) in first , second and control treatments first year of test period , and also in second year was 865 kg ( 3603 kg/ha ), 877 kg ( 3652 kg/ha) and 848 kg ( 3531 kg/ha) in second , fourth and control treatments , respectively . A significant different found in final weight mean of common carp between treatments and Control ponds (P 〈0/05), as the weight of common carp in treatments ponds was 220 % in first year and 191 % in second year more than control pond. In end of the trial, the mean weight of Esox lucius was 265 ± 74, 276 ± 104, 159 ± 33 and 265 ± 89 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment, respectively. Survival rate of Northern pike in 1 to 4 treatment was 43.8, 55.2, 40 and 35.6 %, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Polyculture ; Pike ; Esox lucius ; Carp ; Survey ; Organisms ; Density ; Temperature ; Larvae ; Earthen ponds ; Plankton ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 132pp.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Iran is one of ten disaster countries in terms of water crisis. Also, deficit of agricultural soil is a limiting agent for development of agronomy. Moreover, production of organic crops is very important for health nutrition. Tilapia is an important commercial fish because of its fast growth, tolerance to environmental conditions and diseases, possibility of intensive culture, low costs of production and marketable flavor. Production of aquatic and agricultural crops in an aquaponic system would ask these expectations. Aquaponic system that includes combination of hydroponics and water recycling systems was examined for modulated culture of tilapia and agricultural crops at the present study. Tilapia fries with 6.2g and 5.9g mean weight and stocking density of 40/m^3 were respectively stocked in two 2.5m^3 tanks at September 2013 for 9 months. Fish culture in the two tanks tended to 17.2kg/m^3 and 19kg/m^3 fish production with 658g and 596 mean final weigth, 98% and 100% survival and 1.4 and 1.6 food conversion rate (FCR), respectively. Plants were implanted using grow beds, floating rafts and nutrient film methods. Monthly production of mint, basil, lettuce, cucumber, tomato, pepper were 1.14, 0.5-0.8, 1.32, 2.7-4, 2.03-3.4 and 1.1 kg/m^2 crops, respectively.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaponics ; Greenhouse ; Tilapia ; Crops ; Fish culture ; Hydroponics ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the successful breeding of western white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) brooders (females and males), we used cuttle fish (Sepia pharaonis) and sand worm (Perinereis nuntica) of Persian Gulf as principle feeds, 3 times a day, and from cow livier and edible bivalve meat (Solen brevis) of Persian Gulf, as secondary feeds, 1 time a day. Nutritional value of Sepia pharaonis, Perinereis nuntica and Solen brevis, with determination of the amount of fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), stearic acid (18:00), oleic acid (18:1n-9), palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid, essential amino acids inclusive arginine, lysine, leucine, isoleusine, threonine, valine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophane and crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and moisture were done in laboratory. The results showed that, the amount of essential amino acides and nonessential amino acides (in the more causes) in Sepia pharaonis were more than Solen brevis and in Solen brevis more than Perinereis nuntica. Only nonessential amino acides, glysine and alanine in Solen brevis were more than Sepia pharaonis. Also in chemical analysis of wet feeds determined that, crude protein percent in cattle fish was 2.9 times and 2.2 times more than Solen brevis and Perinereis nuntica, respectively. The crude fat in cattle fish was 2.1 times and 1.6 times more than Solen brevis and Perinereis nuntica respectively. Tottaly, the amount of essential fatty acides in Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica were more than Solen brevis, and in Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica were almost, equal. Total lipids of Sepia pharaonis, Perinereis nuntica and Solen brevis determined 7.92, 5.90 and 3.63 percent respectively. Totally the percent of fatty acids in cattle fish and Perinereis nuntica is almost equal and was more than Solen brevis meat. We can noted that, the Sepia pharaonis and Perinereis nuntica are suitable as principle feed and Solen brevis and cow livier, as secondary feed for L.vannamei broodstock maturation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Broodstock ; Western white shrimp ; Wet and Fresh Feed ; Maturation ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Females ; Males ; Cuttle fish ; Sepia pharaonis ; Sand worm ; Perinereis nuntica ; Solen brevis ; Perinereis nuntica ; Fatty acids ; Liver
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 36pp.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Marine aquacultures growth require good quality water is leading to high efficiency and low risk to human health. In other words, the water quality is a critical factor to success and failure of the aquaculture industry. The aim of this project is to study water quality and the trophic status at the different depths and layers in the southern Caspian Sea based on environmental parameters and nutrients during three periods (2008, 2009 and 2010-2011) in order the feasibility of fish cage. Results showed that water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen were varied 5.50-32.60 ̊C, 3.50- 10.00 m, 7.15-8.80 and 3.18-12.00 mg/l at the different depths and layers, respectively. In addition, The values of NH4+, NH3, NO2-, NO3- and PO4-3 were 0.001-0.140 mg/l, 0.01-22.63 µg/l, 0.1-21.2 µg/l, 0.001-0.423 mg/l and 0.008-0.071 mg/l, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen (DIN/N), inorganic phosphorous (DIP/P) and total phosphorous (TP) were registerd 0.68-14.75, 0.07-0.68 and 0.01-2.67 µM, respectively. Thermal startification are more important for fish-breeding. Thermal stratification was occurred from depths greater than 20 m in late spring to early fall in the Caspian Sea. Optimum transparency for fish farming cage was considered less than 5 meter which in this study were recorded from 20 to 50 meter depths. The range of the standard of pH and dissolved oxygen for fish farming cage were 7.80-8.50 and 〉5 mg /l that in current study results of pH and dissolved oxygen were consistent.Various forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ) at the different layers were acceptable and less than the threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand. But, phosphate value was more than threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand at some layers depth during years of 2009 and 2010- 2011. The results of the nutrients compared with data from the reference year (1996-1996 ) in the Caspian Sea was shown that this ecosystem passed oligotrophic status and shifted to mezotrophic and eutrophic condition. In addition, the values of NH4/N, NO3/N and DIP/P compared with eutrophic condition of reference year (2005) showed that Caspian ecosystem was not passed euotrophic condition and it still under mezotrophic status. As a conclusion, it seems that offshore of the Caspian Sea (depths between 20 to 50 meter) were suitable for different species of fish for cage culture. But, since 2000 decayds the Caspian Sea has experienced four times algal bloom (toxic and harmful species) and in recent years a number of other species also has reached to bloom potential and also mezotrophic condition of this ecosystem, it is appropriate that the establishment of fish farming cages carried out as a pilot to more precautionary approach which not lead to environmental disaster.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters ; Water ; Fish cage culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 54pp.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Striped grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a marine fish with high commercial value and widespread distribution. The grey mullet and some other mullets can be found in saltwater, brackish and fershwater habitats at tropical, subtropical and also temporal climates.This species is suitable for aquaculture worldwide due to living in wide ranges of water temperatures and salinities, acceptable growth rate, suitable food conversion ratio, marketability, suitable species for polyculture with shrimps, marine fish and even with freshwater carps. The grey mullet is farming in different countries such as Italy, Northern Africa countries ( Egypt), occupied Palestine, India, Pakistan, Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, coastal countries of southern pacific ocean and Hawaii. Ten thousands of fries of this species (average weight and length of 280 mg and 28.3 mm respectively) imported in March 2008 from Egypt. The wild fries colleted from surrounding natural waters of Alexandria. After finishing the quarantine steps, they stocked in four earthern ponds (each with 2500 m2) located at the Gomishan shrimp educational centre at late march in 2008. At the first year of culture the densities were 5000 and 10000 individuals per hectar and each treatment with two replicates. At second years densities changed with 2000 and 2500 ind./hec. and each of traetments divided fishes with average primary weights of 80 and 115 grames. The fries and fish feeding begins in April when the water temperature rise above 18 °C and it cut in fall when the temperature goes under 20°C. They fed twice a day at 8 AM and 2 PM and the amount was 5-7 percents of the fish existent biomass in each ponds. They fed with dry formulated feed made of Mahdaneh Karadj Company (Danso dry feed) both the first and second years of farming. The feed prepared for carps feeding and containded 23±2 % crude protein, 10 ±2 % crude lipid, about 7 % crude fiber, 15 % ash, 40 ±2% carbohydrates and with energy content of 4000±200 kcal/kg. After seven months culture period the average weight and length of fish in treatment 5000 ind./hec. were 113.7 gr and 21.1 cm respectively and in treatment 10000 ind./hec. the average weight and length were 86.6 gr and 19.6 cm respectively. At first year the average survival rate in different treatments was 77 percent. The average FCR in treatments 5000 and 10000 ind./hec. were 3.4 and 3.9 respectively. At second years after six months culture the average weights in pond no. 9 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 10 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2000 ind./hec) , pond no. 11 (with primary weight 115 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) and pond no. 12 (with primary weight 80 gr and density 2500 ind./hec) calculated as 476.6 ,338.1, 366.5 and 440 gr respectively. The average survival rate and FCR were 93 % and 3.1 respectively. Ponds no. 9 and 11 (fish stocked with primary weight 115 gr in densities both 2000 and 2500 ind./hec) selected as the best economic efficient treatments.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Grey mullet ; Cultivation ; Economic efficiency ; Mugil cephalus ; Culture ; Marine ; Saltwater ; Brackishwater ; Fershwater ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Salinity ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 81pp.
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