ALBERT

Description: A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the Universe, inaccessible to standard astrophysical observations. Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background are therefore of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the Universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the Universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be 〈6.9 x 10(-6) at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early Universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter, as well as cosmic (super)string models with relatively small string tension that are favoured in some string theory models. This search for the stochastic background improves on the indirect limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background at 100 Hz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration -- Abbott, B P -- Abbott, R -- Acernese, F -- Adhikari, R -- Ajith, P -- Allen, B -- Allen, G -- Alshourbagy, M -- Amin, R S -- Anderson, S B -- Anderson, W G -- Antonucci, F -- Aoudia, S -- Arain, M A -- Araya, M -- Armandula, H -- Armor, P -- Arun, K G -- Aso, Y -- Aston, S -- Astone, P -- Aufmuth, P -- Aulbert, C -- Babak, S -- Baker, P -- Ballardin, G -- Ballmer, S -- Barker, C -- Barker, D -- Barone, F -- Barr, B -- Barriga, P -- Barsotti, L -- Barsuglia, M -- Barton, M A -- Bartos, I -- Bassiri, R -- Bastarrika, M -- Bauer, Th S -- Behnke, B -- Beker, M -- Benacquista, M -- Betzwieser, J -- Beyersdorf, P T -- Bigotta, S -- Bilenko, I A -- Billingsley, G -- Birindelli, S -- Biswas, R -- Bizouard, M A -- Black, E -- Blackburn, J K -- Blackburn, L -- Blair, D -- Bland, B -- Boccara, C -- Bodiya, T P -- Bogue, L -- Bondu, F -- Bonelli, L -- Bork, R -- Boschi, V -- Bose, S -- Bosi, L -- Braccini, S -- Bradaschia, C -- Brady, P R -- Braginsky, V B -- Brand, J F J van den -- Brau, J E -- Bridges, D O -- Brillet, A -- Brinkmann, M -- Brisson, V -- Van Den Broeck, C -- Brooks, A F -- Brown, D A -- Brummit, A -- Brunet, G -- Bullington, A -- Bulten, H J -- Buonanno, A -- Burmeister, O -- Buskulic, D -- Byer, R L -- Cadonati, L -- Cagnoli, G -- Calloni, E -- Camp, J B -- Campagna, E -- Cannizzo, J -- Cannon, K C -- Canuel, B -- Cao, J -- Carbognani, F -- Cardenas, L -- Caride, S -- Castaldi, G -- Caudill, S -- Cavaglia, M -- Cavalier, F -- Cavalieri, R -- Cella, G -- Cepeda, C -- Cesarini, E -- Chalermsongsak, T -- Chalkley, E -- Charlton, P -- Chassande-Mottin, E -- Chatterji, S -- Chelkowski, S -- Chen, Y -- Christensen, N -- Chung, C T Y -- Clark, D -- Clark, J -- Clayton, J H -- Cleva, F -- Coccia, E -- Cokelaer, T -- Colacino, C N -- Colas, J -- Colla, A -- Colombini, M -- Conte, R -- Cook, D -- Corbitt, T R C -- Corda, C -- Cornish, N -- Corsi, A -- Coulon, J-P -- Coward, D -- Coyne, D C -- Creighton, J D E -- Creighton, T D -- Cruise, A M -- Culter, R M -- Cumming, A -- Cunningham, L -- Cuoco, E -- Danilishin, S L -- D'Antonio, S -- Danzmann, K -- Dari, A -- Dattilo, V -- Daudert, B -- Davier, M -- Davies, G -- Daw, E J -- Day, R -- De Rosa, R -- Debra, D -- Degallaix, J -- Del Prete, M -- Dergachev, V -- Desai, S -- Desalvo, R -- Dhurandhar, S -- Di Fiore, L -- Di Lieto, A -- Di Paolo Emilio, M -- Di Virgilio, A -- Diaz, M -- Dietz, A -- Donovan, F -- Dooley, K L -- Doomes, E E -- Drago, M -- Drever, R W P -- Dueck, J -- Duke, I -- Dumas, J-C -- Dwyer, J G -- Echols, C -- Edgar, M -- Effler, A -- Ehrens, P -- Ely, G -- Espinoza, E -- Etzel, T -- Evans, M -- Evans, T -- Fafone, V -- Fairhurst, S -- Faltas, Y -- Fan, Y -- Fazi, D -- Fehrmann, H -- Ferrante, I -- Fidecaro, F -- Finn, L S -- Fiori, I -- Flaminio, R -- Flasch, K -- Foley, S -- Forrest, C -- Fotopoulos, N -- Fournier, J-D -- Franc, J -- Franzen, A -- Frasca, S -- Frasconi, F -- Frede, M -- Frei, M -- Frei, Z -- Freise, A -- Frey, R -- Fricke, T -- Fritschel, P -- Frolov, V V -- Fyffe, M -- Galdi, V -- Gammaitoni, L -- Garofoli, J A -- Garufi, F -- Genin, E -- Gennai, A -- Gholami, I -- Giaime, J A -- Giampanis, S -- Giardina, K D -- Giazotto, A -- Goda, K -- Goetz, E -- Goggin, L M -- Gonzalez, G -- Gorodetsky, M L -- Gobler, S -- Gouaty, R -- Granata, M -- Granata, V -- Grant, A -- Gras, S -- Gray, C -- Gray, M -- Greenhalgh, R J S -- Gretarsson, A M -- Greverie, C -- Grimaldi, F -- Grosso, R -- Grote, H -- Grunewald, S -- Guenther, M -- Guidi, G -- Gustafson, E K -- Gustafson, R -- Hage, B -- Hallam, J M -- Hammer, D -- Hammond, G D -- Hanna, C -- Hanson, J -- Harms, J -- Harry, G M -- Harry, I W -- Harstad, E D -- Haughian, K -- Hayama, K -- Heefner, J -- Heitmann, H -- Hello, P -- Heng, I S -- Heptonstall, A -- Hewitson, M -- Hild, S -- Hirose, E -- Hoak, D -- Hodge, K A -- Holt, K -- Hosken, D J -- Hough, J -- Hoyland, D -- Huet, D -- Hughey, B -- Huttner, S H -- Ingram, D R -- Isogai, T -- Ito, M -- Ivanov, A -- Johnson, B -- Johnson, W W -- Jones, D I -- Jones, G -- Jones, R -- Sancho de la Jordana, L -- Ju, L -- Kalmus, P -- Kalogera, V -- Kandhasamy, S -- Kanner, J -- Kasprzyk, D -- Katsavounidis, E -- Kawabe, K -- Kawamura, S -- Kawazoe, F -- Kells, W -- Keppel, D G -- Khalaidovski, A -- Khalili, F Y -- Khan, R -- Khazanov, E -- King, P -- Kissel, J S -- Klimenko, S -- Kokeyama, K -- Kondrashov, V -- Kopparapu, R -- Koranda, S -- Kozak, D -- Krishnan, B -- Kumar, R -- Kwee, P -- La Penna, P -- Lam, P K -- Landry, M -- Lantz, B -- Laval, M -- Lazzarini, A -- Lei, H -- Lei, M -- Leindecker, N -- Leonor, I -- Leroy, N -- Letendre, N -- Li, C -- Lin, H -- Lindquist, P E -- Littenberg, T B -- Lockerbie, N A -- Lodhia, D -- Longo, M -- Lorenzini, M -- Loriette, V -- Lormand, M -- Losurdo, G -- Lu, P -- Lubinski, M -- Lucianetti, A -- Luck, H -- Machenschalk, B -- Macinnis, M -- Mackowski, J-M -- Mageswaran, M -- Mailand, K -- Majorana, E -- Man, N -- Mandel, I -- Mandic, V -- Mantovani, M -- Marchesoni, F -- Marion, F -- Marka, S -- Marka, Z -- Markosyan, A -- Markowitz, J -- Maros, E -- Marque, J -- Martelli, F -- Martin, I W -- Martin, R M -- Marx, J N -- Mason, K -- Masserot, A -- Matichard, F -- Matone, L -- Matzner, R A -- Mavalvala, N -- McCarthy, R -- McClelland, D E -- McGuire, S C -- McHugh, M -- McIntyre, G -- McKechan, D J A -- McKenzie, K -- Mehmet, M -- Melatos, A -- Melissinos, A C -- Mendell, G -- Menendez, D F -- Menzinger, F -- Mercer, R A -- Meshkov, S -- Messenger, C -- Meyer, M S -- Michel, C -- Milano, L -- Miller, J -- Minelli, J -- Minenkov, Y -- Mino, Y -- Mitrofanov, V P -- Mitselmakher, G -- Mittleman, R -- Miyakawa, O -- Moe, B -- Mohan, M -- Mohanty, S D -- Mohapatra, S R P -- Moreau, J -- Moreno, G -- Morgado, N -- Morgia, A -- Morioka, T -- Mors, K -- Mosca, S -- Mossavi, K -- Mours, B -- Mowlowry, C -- Mueller, G -- Muhammad, D -- Muhlen, H Zur -- Mukherjee, S -- Mukhopadhyay, H -- Mullavey, A -- Muller-Ebhardt, H -- Munch, J -- Murray, P G -- Myers, E -- Myers, J -- Nash, T -- Nelson, J -- Neri, I -- Newton, G -- Nishizawa, A -- Nocera, F -- Numata, K -- Ochsner, E -- O'Dell, J -- Ogin, G H -- O'Reilly, B -- O'Shaughnessy, R -- Ottaway, D J -- Ottens, R S -- Overmier, H -- Owen, B J -- Pagliaroli, G -- Palomba, C -- Pan, Y -- Pankow, C -- Paoletti, F -- Papa, M A -- Parameshwaraiah, V -- Pardi, S -- Pasqualetti, A -- Passaquieti, R -- Passuello, D -- Patel, P -- Pedraza, M -- Penn, S -- Perreca, A -- Persichetti, G -- Pichot, M -- Piergiovanni, F -- Pierro, V -- Pinard, L -- Pinto, I M -- Pitkin, M -- Pletsch, H J -- Plissi, M V -- Poggiani, R -- Postiglione, F -- Principe, M -- Prix, R -- Prodi, G A -- Prokhorov, L -- Punken, O -- Punturo, M -- Puppo, P -- Putten, S van der -- Quetschke, V -- Raab, F J -- Rabaste, O -- Rabeling, D S -- Radkins, H -- Raffai, P -- Raics, Z -- Rainer, N -- Rakhmanov, M -- Rapagnani, P -- Raymond, V -- Re, V -- Reed, C M -- Reed, T -- Regimbau, T -- Rehbein, H -- Reid, S -- Reitze, D H -- Ricci, F -- Riesen, R -- Riles, K -- Rivera, B -- Roberts, P -- Robertson, N A -- Robinet, F -- Robinson, C -- Robinson, E L -- Rocchi, A -- Roddy, S -- Rolland, L -- Rollins, J -- Romano, J D -- Romano, R -- Romie, J H -- Rover, C -- Rowan, S -- Rudiger, A -- Ruggi, P -- Russell, P -- Ryan, K -- Sakata, S -- Salemi, F -- Sandberg, V -- Sannibale, V -- Santamaria, L -- Saraf, S -- Sarin, P -- Sassolas, B -- Sathyaprakash, B S -- Sato, S -- Satterthwaite, M -- Saulson, P R -- Savage, R -- Savov, P -- Scanlan, M -- Schilling, R -- Schnabel, R -- Schofield, R -- Schulz, B -- Schutz, B F -- Schwinberg, P -- Scott, J -- Scott, S M -- Searle, A C -- Sears, B -- Seifert, F -- Sellers, D -- Sengupta, A S -- Sentenac, D -- Sergeev, A -- Shapiro, B -- Shawhan, P -- Shoemaker, D H -- Sibley, A -- Siemens, X -- Sigg, D -- Sinha, S -- Sintes, A M -- Slagmolen, B J J -- Slutsky, J -- van der Sluys, M V -- Smith, J R -- Smith, M R -- Smith, N D -- Somiya, K -- Sorazu, B -- Stein, A -- Stein, L C -- Steplewski, S -- Stochino, A -- Stone, R -- Strain, K A -- Strigin, S -- Stroeer, A -- Sturani, R -- Stuver, A L -- Summerscales, T Z -- Sun, K-X -- Sung, M -- Sutton, P J -- Swinkels, B L -- Szokoly, G P -- Talukder, D -- Tang, L -- Tanner, D B -- Tarabrin, S P -- Taylor, J R -- Taylor, R -- Terenzi, R -- Thacker, J -- Thorne, K A -- Thorne, K S -- Thuring, A -- Tokmakov, K V -- Toncelli, A -- Tonelli, M -- Torres, C -- Torrie, C -- Tournefier, E -- Travasso, F -- Traylor, G -- Trias, M -- Trummer, J -- Ugolini, D -- Ulmen, J -- Urbanek, K -- Vahlbruch, H -- Vajente, G -- Vallisneri, M -- Vass, S -- Vaulin, R -- Vavoulidis, M -- Vecchio, A -- Vedovato, G -- van Veggel, A A -- Veitch, J -- Veitch, P -- Veltkamp, C -- Verkindt, D -- Vetrano, F -- Vicere, A -- Villar, A -- Vinet, J-Y -- Vocca, H -- Vorvick, C -- Vyachanin, S P -- Waldman, S J -- Wallace, L -- Ward, H -- Ward, R L -- Was, M -- Weidner, A -- Weinert, M -- Weinstein, A J -- Weiss, R -- Wen, L -- Wen, S -- Wette, K -- Whelan, J T -- Whitcomb, S E -- Whiting, B F -- Wilkinson, C -- Willems, P A -- Williams, H R -- Williams, L -- Willke, B -- Wilmut, I -- Winkelmann, L -- Winkler, W -- Wipf, C C -- Wiseman, A G -- Woan, G -- Wooley, R -- Worden, J -- Wu, W -- Yakushin, I -- Yamamoto, H -- Yan, Z -- Yoshida, S -- Yvert, M -- Zanolin, M -- Zhang, J -- Zhang, L -- Zhao, C -- Zotov, N -- Zucker, M E -- Zweizig, J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):990-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08278.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lists of participants and their affiliations appear at the end of the paper.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19693079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbot, Patrick -- Abe, Jun -- Alcock, John -- Alizon, Samuel -- Alpedrinha, Joao A C -- Andersson, Malte -- Andre, Jean-Baptiste -- van Baalen, Minus -- Balloux, Francois -- Balshine, Sigal -- Barton, Nick -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Biernaskie, Jay M -- Bilde, Trine -- Borgia, Gerald -- Breed, Michael -- Brown, Sam -- Bshary, Redouan -- Buckling, Angus -- Burley, Nancy T -- Burton-Chellew, Max N -- Cant, Michael A -- Chapuisat, Michel -- Charnov, Eric L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Cockburn, Andrew -- Cole, Blaine J -- Colegrave, Nick -- Cosmides, Leda -- Couzin, Iain D -- Coyne, Jerry A -- Creel, Scott -- Crespi, Bernard -- Curry, Robert L -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Day, Troy -- Dickinson, Janis L -- Dugatkin, Lee Alan -- El Mouden, Claire -- Emlen, Stephen T -- Evans, Jay -- Ferriere, Regis -- Field, Jeremy -- Foitzik, Susanne -- Foster, Kevin -- Foster, William A -- Fox, Charles W -- Gadau, Juergen -- Gandon, Sylvain -- Gardner, Andy -- Gardner, Michael G -- Getty, Thomas -- Goodisman, Michael A D -- Grafen, Alan -- Grosberg, Rick -- Grozinger, Christina M -- Gouyon, Pierre-Henri -- Gwynne, Darryl -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben J -- Heinze, Jurgen -- Helantera, Heikki -- Helms, Ken R -- Hill, Kim -- Jiricny, Natalie -- Johnstone, Rufus A -- Kacelnik, Alex -- Kiers, E Toby -- Kokko, Hanna -- Komdeur, Jan -- Korb, Judith -- Kronauer, Daniel -- Kummerli, Rolf -- Lehmann, Laurent -- Linksvayer, Timothy A -- Lion, Sebastien -- Lyon, Bruce -- Marshall, James A R -- McElreath, Richard -- Michalakis, Yannis -- Michod, Richard E -- Mock, Douglas -- Monnin, Thibaud -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Moore, Allen J -- Mueller, Ulrich G -- Noe, Ronald -- Okasha, Samir -- Pamilo, Pekka -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pedersen, Jes S -- Pen, Ido -- Pfennig, David -- Queller, David C -- Rankin, Daniel J -- Reece, Sarah E -- Reeve, Hudson K -- Reuter, Max -- Roberts, Gilbert -- Robson, Simon K A -- Roze, Denis -- Rousset, Francois -- Rueppell, Olav -- Sachs, Joel L -- Santorelli, Lorenzo -- Schmid-Hempel, Paul -- Schwarz, Michael P -- Scott-Phillips, Tom -- Shellmann-Sherman, Janet -- Sherman, Paul W -- Shuker, David M -- Smith, Jeff -- Spagna, Joseph C -- Strassmann, Beverly -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Sundstrom, Liselotte -- Taborsky, Michael -- Taylor, Peter -- Thompson, Graham -- Tooby, John -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- Tsuji, Kazuki -- Turillazzi, Stefano -- Ubeda, Francisco -- Vargo, Edward L -- Voelkl, Bernard -- Wenseleers, Tom -- West, Stuart A -- West-Eberhard, Mary Jane -- Westneat, David F -- Wiernasz, Diane C -- Wild, Geoff -- Wrangham, Richard -- Young, Andrew J -- Zeh, David W -- Zeh, Jeanne A -- Zink, Andrew -- BB/H022716/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):E1-4; author reply E9-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The discovery of a living coelacanth specimen in 1938 was remarkable, as this lineage of lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago. The modern coelacanth looks remarkably similar to many of its ancient relatives, and its evolutionary proximity to our own fish ancestors provides a glimpse of the fish that first walked on land. Here we report the genome sequence of the African coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. Through a phylogenomic analysis, we conclude that the lungfish, and not the coelacanth, is the closest living relative of tetrapods. Coelacanth protein-coding genes are significantly more slowly evolving than those of tetrapods, unlike other genomic features. Analyses of changes in genes and regulatory elements during the vertebrate adaptation to land highlight genes involved in immunity, nitrogen excretion and the development of fins, tail, ear, eye, brain and olfaction. Functional assays of enhancers involved in the fin-to-limb transition and in the emergence of extra-embryonic tissues show the importance of the coelacanth genome as a blueprint for understanding tetrapod evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633110/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633110/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amemiya, Chris T -- Alfoldi, Jessica -- Lee, Alison P -- Fan, Shaohua -- Philippe, Herve -- Maccallum, Iain -- Braasch, Ingo -- Manousaki, Tereza -- Schneider, Igor -- Rohner, Nicolas -- Organ, Chris -- Chalopin, Domitille -- Smith, Jeramiah J -- Robinson, Mark -- Dorrington, Rosemary A -- Gerdol, Marco -- Aken, Bronwen -- Biscotti, Maria Assunta -- Barucca, Marco -- Baurain, Denis -- Berlin, Aaron M -- Blatch, Gregory L -- Buonocore, Francesco -- Burmester, Thorsten -- Campbell, Michael S -- Canapa, Adriana -- Cannon, John P -- Christoffels, Alan -- De Moro, Gianluca -- Edkins, Adrienne L -- Fan, Lin -- Fausto, Anna Maria -- Feiner, Nathalie -- Forconi, Mariko -- Gamieldien, Junaid -- Gnerre, Sante -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Goldstone, Jared V -- Haerty, Wilfried -- Hahn, Mark E -- Hesse, Uljana -- Hoffmann, Steve -- Johnson, Jeremy -- Karchner, Sibel I -- Kuraku, Shigehiro -- Lara, Marcia -- Levin, Joshua Z -- Litman, Gary W -- Mauceli, Evan -- Miyake, Tsutomu -- Mueller, M Gail -- Nelson, David R -- Nitsche, Anne -- Olmo, Ettore -- Ota, Tatsuya -- Pallavicini, Alberto -- Panji, Sumir -- Picone, Barbara -- Ponting, Chris P -- Prohaska, Sonja J -- Przybylski, Dariusz -- Saha, Nil Ratan -- Ravi, Vydianathan -- Ribeiro, Filipe J -- Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana -- Scapigliati, Giuseppe -- Searle, Stephen M J -- Sharpe, Ted -- Simakov, Oleg -- Stadler, Peter F -- Stegeman, John J -- Sumiyama, Kenta -- Tabbaa, Diana -- Tafer, Hakim -- Turner-Maier, Jason -- van Heusden, Peter -- White, Simon -- Williams, Louise -- Yandell, Mark -- Brinkmann, Henner -- Volff, Jean-Nicolas -- Tabin, Clifford J -- Shubin, Neil -- Schartl, Manfred -- Jaffe, David B -- Postlethwait, John H -- Venkatesh, Byrappa -- Di Palma, Federica -- Lander, Eric S -- Meyer, Axel -- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P42 ES007381/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES006272/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003474/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R24 OD011199/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR032670/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD032443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 18;496(7445):311-6. doi: 10.1038/nature12027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA. camemiya@benaroyaresearch.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23598338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The Genome Database for Rosaceae (GDR, http:/www.rosaceae.org ), the long-standing central repository and data mining resource for Rosaceae research, has been enhanced with new genomic, genetic and breeding data, and improved functionality. Whole genome sequences of apple, peach and strawberry are available to browse or download with a range of annotations, including gene model predictions, aligned transcripts, repetitive elements, polymorphisms, mapped genetic markers, mapped NCBI Rosaceae genes, gene homologs and association of InterPro protein domains, GO terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway terms. Annotated sequences can be queried using search interfaces and visualized using GBrowse. New expressed sequence tag unigene sets are available for major genera, and Pathway data are available through FragariaCyc, AppleCyc and PeachCyc databases. Synteny among the three sequenced genomes can be viewed using GBrowse_Syn. New markers, genetic maps and extensively curated qualitative/Mendelian and quantitative trait loci are available. Phenotype and genotype data from breeding projects and genetic diversity projects are also included. Improved search pages are available for marker, trait locus, genetic diversity and publication data. New search tools for breeders enable selection comparison and assistance with breeding decision making.