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  • Springer  (413)
  • Cell Press  (129)
  • American Meteorological Society  (71)
  • Copernicus  (59)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivariate nonhomogeneous refinement equations (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 5 (1999), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 42C15 ; 39B99 ; multivariate ; nonhomogeneous ; refinement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of compactly supported distribution solutionsf=(f 1,...,f r)T of nonhomogeneous refinement equations of the form $$f(x) = h(x) + \sum\limits_{\alpha \in A} {c_\alpha f(2x - \alpha )(x \in R^s )} $$ , where h=(h1,...,hr)Tis a compactly supported vector-valued multivariate distribution, A⊂Z+ s has compact support, and the coefficientsc α are real-valued r×r matrices. In particular, we find a finite dimensional matrix B, constructed from the coefficientsc α of the equation (I−B)q=p, where the vectorp depends on h. Our proofs proceed in the time domain and allow us to represent each solution regardless of the spectral radius of P(0):=2−s∑c α , which has been a difficulty in previous investigations of this nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257193
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooking Oil: A Home Fire Hazard in Alberta, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    Fire technology 33 (1997), S. 140-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Canada ; Alberta ; cooking equipment ; cooking oil ; fire injuries ; smoke point ; flash point ; fire hazard ; fire statistics ; prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract This paper begins with a brief statistical analysis to establish the significant contribution of cooking equipment fires to fire losses and injuries in Canadian homes. Due to lack of comprehensive fire loss data for Canadian homes, further analysis is focused on Alberta data. The most frequent ignition scenario, based on a top-down analysis of Alberta home fires, was the ignition of overheated cooking oil in pots, deep-fat fryers, or pans heated on stove tops. These fires also accounted for the majority of home fire injuries. Fire characteristics of cooking oils, which point to the importance of maintaining oil temperatures below their flash points, and thermostatically controlled deep-fat fryers as the best available solution to the problem are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015395001403
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second generation U.S. rail transit systems: Prospects and perils (1980)
    Springer
    Transportation 9 (1980), S. 17-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract So far in the decade of the 1970's, commitments have been made to construct a “second generation” of new rail systems in four urban areas — Atlanta, Baltimore, Miami and Buffalo. In this paper the authors speculate on the prospects and perils that lie ahead for these systems in the context of national and local expectations for rail transit and the experience of the first generation rail transit systems of San Francisco (BART) and Washington.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00147815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of additives on the morphology of zinc electrodeposited from a zinc chloride electrolyte at high current densities (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 11 (1981), S. 677-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract There are advantages if zinc can be deposited electrochemically at high current densities. In order to improve the deposit at current densities exceeding 2000 Am−2, various additions were made to the electrolyte. It was found that proteinous additives produced planar deposits with a (10.2) (10.3) orientation and a current efficiency of around 85% in a small laboratory cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The strategic transportation research study — Its origins and purposes (1984)
    Springer
    Transportation 12 (1984), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The highway industry in the United States spends about $35 to $40 billion annually. Management of the industry is almost wholly decentralized. This decentralization plus diminishing fuel tax revenues used to finance road improvements have caused road research efforts to decline to a very low level. Comparisons between funds for highway research and those spent by private firms in similar industries show that private firms spend from 5 to 12 times the rate of highway agencies. The problem of how much to spend on research is difficult both for private-sector and for public-sector enterprises. The level of research spending is shown to correlate well with both profitability and growth in U.S. firms. Four methods used for making research decisions in the private sector are discussed. The goals of the Strategic Transportation Research Study (STRS), which is being conducted by the Transportation Research Board to examine highway and transportation needs, are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146941
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structure of (η5)-C5H5)Co(HNC6H4NH), a cobalto-quinonediimine complex (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 13 (1983), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray structure determination of (η 5-C5H5)Co(HNC6H4NH) (Ib) reveals that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=12.479(3),b=8.865(2),c=17.817(5) Å, {iβ}=94.70(2)°,V=1964.4(6) Å3,Z=8 (two independent molecules form the asymmetric unit). Least-squares refinement based on 1894 independent observed reflections,I≥2.5σ(I), resulted in a finalR value of 0.054. A pattern of somewhat shortened Co-N bonds (〈av〉 1.83 Å), short C-N bonds (〈av〉 1.34 Å), Co-N-C bond angles consistent with trigonally hybridized N, and a nearly planar metallocyclic ring suggest that some electron delocalization may exist in the ring. This pattern, however, may also be explicable in terms of factors other than delocalization; alternatives are discussed. The structure may best be regarded as a CoI complex containing ano-quinonediimine ligand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161295
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conductivity of aqueous zinc chloride solutions (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 12 (1982), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The conductivity of aqueous zinc chloride reaches a maximum of 10.7 Ω−1 m−1 at 3.7 M ZnCl2. Measurements on chlorinated ZnCl2 showed that at low chlorine concentrations, the conductivity increased linearly with the square root of the chlorine concentration. The increase was due to the three species: dissolved chlorine, Cl 3 − and HClO. Ammonium chloride additions increased the conductivity of aqueous zinc chloride substantially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01112058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Komplexe Zusammenhänge zwischen Eigenschaften und Strukturparametern von Elektrodengläsern (1995)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 839-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Electrode glasses ; Principal Component Analysis ; Cluster analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Cluster Analysis has been shown to be partially suitable for the classification of glasses. The expansion of the clusters on theSeger's diagram allows an investigation of the influence of the different glass components. Variation of the SiO2 content results in a smaller change of properties than variation of the Na2O/RO relationship. Principal Component Analysis is convenient for showing correlations between the composition of the examined glasses, the glass structure parameters, and the different electrode properties. Properties of electrodes are mostly influenced by the content of Na2O and by the kind of the divalent cations. In contrast thereto structure parameters become basically determined by the content of SiO2 and RO. The field strength of the divalent cations plays the decisive roll again.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and degradation of oxidized bituminous and lignite coals by fungi (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1990), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bituminous coal ; Biosolubilization ; Penicillium sp. ; Surface colonization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary APenicillium sp. previously shown to grow on lignite coals degraded an air-oxidized bituminous coal (Illinois #6) to a material that was more than 80% soluble in 0.5 N NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxidized Illinois #6 revealed colonization of the surface by thePenicillium sp., production of conidia, and erosion of the coal surface. The average molecular weight (MW) of Illinois #6 degraded by the fungus and base-solubilized was approximately 1000 Da. The average MW for base-solubilized Illinois #6 that was not exposed to the fungus was 6000 Da, suggesting solubilizing mechanisms other than base catalysis. A spectrophotometric assay to quantify the microbial conversion of biosolubilized coal was developed. Standard curves were constructed based on the absorbance at 450 nm of different quantities of microbe-solubilized coal. An acid precipitation step was necessary to remove medium and/or microbial metabolites from solubilized coal to prevent overestimation of the extent of coal biosolubilization. Furthermore, the absorption spectra for different coal products varied, necessitating construction of standard curves for individual coals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576177
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seed dispersal Seed shadow Hornbills Telemetry Tropical frugivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We studied two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill, C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill, C. cylindricus, in the tropical forests of Cameroon, to understand their movement patterns and evaluate their effectiveness as seed dispersers. To estimate hornbill contribution to a particular tree species' seed shadow we combined data from movements, determined by radio-tracking, with data from seed passage trials. For 13 individuals tracked over 12 months, home range varied between 925 and 4,472 ha, a much larger area than reported for other African avian frugivores. Seed passage times ranged from 51 to 765 min, with C. atrata showing longer passage times than C. cylindricus, and larger seeds having longer gut retention times than smaller seeds. Combining these data, we estimated that seed shadows were extensive for the eight tree species examined, with approximately 80% of seeds moved more than 500 m from the parent plant. Maximum estimated dispersal distances for larger seeds were 6,919 and 3,558 m for C. atrata and C. cylindricus, respectively. The extent of hornbill seed shadows suggests that their influence in determining forest structure will likely increase as other larger mammalian dispersers are exterminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445
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