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    High-efficiency graphene nanomesh magnets realized by controlling mono-hydrogenation of pore edges (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-26
    Description: We demonstrate a drastic improvement in the efficiency of rare-element-free graphene nanomesh (GNM) magnets with saturation magnetization values as large as ∼10 −4  emu/mm 2 , which are 10–100 times greater than those in previous GNM magnets hydrogenated by only annealing under a hydrogen molecule (H 2 ) atmosphere, even at room temperature. This improvement is realized by a significant increase in the area of the mono-H-terminated pore edges by using hydrogen silsesquioxane resist treatment with electron beam irradiation, which can produce mono-H by detaching H-silicon (Si) bonds. This result must open the door for industrial applications of graphene magnets to rare-element-free magnetic and spintronic systems.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution process of the mode wall-locking and phase-locking in a reversed-field pinch plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1625-1635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wall-locking and phase-locking modes are studied in detail in a reversed-field pinch device, TPE-RX [Y. Yagi et al., Fusion Eng. Design 45, 409 (1999)]. These mode-locking phenomena arise from tearing instabilities. Wall locking means the stopping of mode rotations, and phase locking means the locking of the phases of multiple modes. Phase locking induces a toroidally localized enhanced magnetic amplitude. There are two types of mode-locking states in TPE-RX. One of them exhibits a clear phase-locked structure, while the other exhibits a weak toroidal localization. Both types show finite toroidal rotation during the current-rising phase of the discharge, and are eventually wall locked during the current flat-top phase. However, the rotation speeds are clearly different between the two types. Confinement properties are compared between the two types of mode-locking states. It is shown that the threshold for the mode amplitude necessary to wall lock the toroidal rotation, as well as the bifurcation of phase-locked structures, agrees with theoretical predictions [R. Fitzpatrick et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 1168, 3878 (1999)]. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364674
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Edge plasma fluctuations and transport in a reversed-field pinch (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 2297-2307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Edge plasma fluctuations are studied with inserted triple Langmuir probes and magnetic coils in the TPE-1RM20 reversed-field pinch [Y. Yagi et al., in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1992 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1993), Vol. 2, p. 611]. Two-point measurements show that density and potential fluctuations have relatively low mode numbers (m〈3, n〈40). High coherence (γ=0.5) with magnetic field fluctuations and similar mode spectra suggest that density and potential fluctuations are mainly caused by electromagnetic turbulence. Broadband magnetic fluctuations are dominated by m=0, low-n modes and internally resonant m=1 and m=2 modes. A coherent (f=20–30 kHz) m=0, low-n mode is also observed. Particle flux driven by electrostatic electric field fluctuations is 50%–100% of total flux obtained from Dα line intensity measurement. Low-frequency fluctuations (f〈100 kHz) give the main contribution to the total flux. Electrostatic fluctuation driven electron energy flux is only of the order of 10% of total nonradiative power loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870627
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of C60 plasma (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3480-3484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An ultrafine-particle plasma consisting of electrons, positive K+ ions, and large negative C−60 ions is produced by introducing "Buckminsterfullerene, C60'' particles into a low-temperature ((approximately-equal-to)0.2 eV) potassium plasma column confined by a strong axial magnetic field. With an increase in the C−60 fraction, the electron shielding decreases, yielding clear effects on plasma collective phenomena, which are demonstrated for low-frequency electrostatic plasma-wave propagations and instabilities. This plasma might be useful for producing new C60-based materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870495
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the dynamo effect in a plasma (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1935-1942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of detailed experiments has been conducted in three laboratory plasma devices to measure the dynamo electric field along the equilibrium field line (the α effect) arising from the correlation between the fluctuating flow velocity and magnetic field. The fluctuating flow velocity is obtained from probe measurement of the fluctuating E×B drift and electron diamagnetic drift. The three major findings are the following: (1) The α effect accounts for the dynamo current generation, even in the time dependence through a "sawtooth'' cycle; (2) at low collisionality the dynamo is explained primarily by the widely studied pressureless magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, i.e., the fluctuating velocity is dominated by the E×B drift; (3) at high collisionality, a new "diamagnetic dynamo'' is observed, in which the fluctuating velocity is dominated by the electron diamagnetic drift. In addition, direct measurements of the helicity flux indicate that the dynamo activity transports magnetic helicity from one part of the plasma to another, but the total helicity is roughly conserved, verifying Taylor's [Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 1139 (1974); Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 741 (1986)] conjecture. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871989
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of magnetic field fluctuations during dynamo activity and its effect on energy confinement in a reversed-field pinch (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 3111-3124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fluctuations of magnetic fields and related magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena are investigated in the TPE-1RM15 reversed-field pinch experiment [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 2, p. 453]. Mode analysis of fluctuations measured by multichannel coils reveals that nonlinear interactions between m=1 and m=0 modes, such as nonlinear coupling and phase locking, play significant roles during a dynamo event (i.e., the flux genertion process in the sustainment phase), resulting in transition from an unstable state to a stable state. Behaviors of these fluctuations are found to be toroidally asymmetrical due to strong nonlinearity. Study of the current ramping experiment shows that the inverse of global energy confinement time depends on the squared fluctuation level offset linearly, which is consistent with the prediction of the transport model based on the diffusion of stochastic field lines. By examining the dependence of the resistive part of the loop voltage on the fluctuation level, the input power to the electrons and ions are estimated to be about 70% and 30% of the total input power, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859791
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent magnetic field fluctuations and locked modes in a reversed-field pinch (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 885-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic field fluctuations have been measured in the TPE-1RM20 reversed-field pinch [in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, 1992, Würzburg (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1992) Paper IAEA-CN-56/C-4-3]. The dominant modes are m=1/n=7–9, resonant near the axis. The fluctuations are coherent, corresponding to nearly continuous rigid body rotation with poloidal and toroidal frequencies of fθ=130–170 kHz and fφ=11–14 kHz, respectively. Discrete dynamo events (in which toroidal magnetic flux is generated) of two different types are observed at high values of pinch parameter (aitch-theta(approximately-greater-than)1.6). The first type is triggered by a single, wall-locked m=1/n=7 mode. The slowing down of the mode rotation is in rough agreement with a simulation which assumes the effect of induced eddy current in the vacuum liner. In the subsequent relaxation event, the locked mode decays and the m=1 spectrum cascades to higher-n modes. However, in some cases the saturated m=1/n=7 mode exists for periods up to t=0.4 msec, resembling single helicity Ohmic states. The second type of event is characterized by phase locking of several m=1/n=7–9 modes and the appearance of large m=0/n=1–5 modes. Mode rotation continues through the event, similar to the normal machine operating condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860939
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