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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (6)
  • 1
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    Climatic warming destabilizes forest ant communities (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-28
    Description: How will ecological communities change in response to climate warming? Direct effects of temperature and indirect cascading effects of species interactions are already altering the structure of local communities, but the dynamics of community change are still poorly understood. We explore the cumulative effects of warming on the dynamics and turnover of forest ant communities that were warmed as part of a 5-year climate manipulation experiment at two sites in eastern North America. At the community level, warming consistently increased occupancy of nests and decreased extinction and nest abandonment. This consistency was largely driven by strong responses of a subset of thermophilic species at each site. As colonies of thermophilic species persisted in nests for longer periods of time under warmer temperatures, turnover was diminished, and species interactions were likely altered. We found that dynamical (Lyapunov) community stability decreased with warming both within and between sites. These results refute null expectations of simple temperature-driven increases in the activity and movement of thermophilic ectotherms. The reduction in stability under warming contrasts with the findings of previous studies that suggest resilience of species interactions to experimental and natural warming. In the face of warmer, no-analog climates, communities of the future may become increasingly fragile and unstable.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: Experiments suggest that biodiversity enhances the ability of ecosystems to maintain multiple functions, such as carbon storage, productivity, and the buildup of nutrient pools (multifunctionality). However, the relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality has never been assessed globally in natural ecosystems. We report here on a global empirical study relating plant species richness and abiotic factors to multifunctionality in drylands, which collectively cover 41% of Earth's land surface and support over 38% of the human population. Multifunctionality was positively and significantly related to species richness. The best-fitting models accounted for over 55% of the variation in multifunctionality and always included species richness as a predictor variable. Our results suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity is crucial to buffer negative effects of climate change and desertification in drylands.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558739/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558739/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maestre, Fernando T -- Quero, Jose L -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- Escudero, Adrian -- Ochoa, Victoria -- Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel -- Garcia-Gomez, Miguel -- Bowker, Matthew A -- Soliveres, Santiago -- Escolar, Cristina -- Garcia-Palacios, Pablo -- Berdugo, Miguel -- Valencia, Enrique -- Gozalo, Beatriz -- Gallardo, Antonio -- Aguilera, Lorgio -- Arredondo, Tulio -- Blones, Julio -- Boeken, Bertrand -- Bran, Donaldo -- Conceicao, Abel A -- Cabrera, Omar -- Chaieb, Mohamed -- Derak, McHich -- Eldridge, David J -- Espinosa, Carlos I -- Florentino, Adriana -- Gaitan, Juan -- Gatica, M Gabriel -- Ghiloufi, Wahida -- Gomez-Gonzalez, Susana -- Gutierrez, Julio R -- Hernandez, Rosa M -- Huang, Xuewen -- Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth -- Jankju, Mohammad -- Miriti, Maria -- Monerris, Jorge -- Mau, Rebecca L -- Morici, Ernesto -- Naseri, Kamal -- Ospina, Abelardo -- Polo, Vicente -- Prina, Anibal -- Pucheta, Eduardo -- Ramirez-Collantes, David A -- Romao, Roberto -- Tighe, Matthew -- Torres-Diaz, Cristian -- Val, James -- Veiga, Jose P -- Wang, Deli -- Zaady, Eli -- 242658/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):214-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Area de Biodiversidad y Conservacion, Departamento de Biologia y Geologia, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipan Sin Numero, 28933 Mostoles, Spain. fernando.maestre@urjc.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Geological Phenomena ; Models, Statistical ; *Plants ; Regression Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Overlooked local biodiversity loss--response (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1098-9. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6188.1098-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK. maadd@st-andrews.ac.uk. ; Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. ; School of Biology and Ecology, Sustainability Solutions Initiative, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. ; Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Assemblage time series reveal biodiversity change but not systematic loss (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-20
    Description: The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal alpha diversity, measured as change in local diversity, and temporal beta diversity, measured as change in community composition. Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of alpha diversity. However, community composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models. Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change, and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal alpha and beta diversity. Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornelas, Maria -- Gotelli, Nicholas J -- McGill, Brian -- Shimadzu, Hideyasu -- Moyes, Faye -- Sievers, Caya -- Magurran, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 18;344(6181):296-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1248484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24744374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fishes ; Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; *Mammals ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Community-level regulation of temporal trends in biodiversity (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-27
    Description: Many theoretical models of community dynamics predict that species richness ( S ) and total abundance ( N ) are regulated in their temporal fluctuations. We present novel evidence for widespread regulation of biodiversity. For 59 plant and animal assemblages from around the globe monitored annually for a decade or more, the majority exhibited regulated fluctuations compared to the null hypothesis of an unconstrained random walk. However, there was little evidence for statistical artifacts, regulation driven by correlations with average annual temperature, or local-scale compensatory fluctuations in S or N . In the absence of major environmental perturbations, such as urbanization or cropland transformation, species richness and abundance may be buffered and exhibit some resilience in their temporal trajectories. These results suggest that regulatory processes are occurring despite unprecedented environmental change, highlighting the need for community-level assessment of biodiversity trends, as well as extensions of existing theory to address open source pools and shifting environmental conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Reorganization of surviving mammal communities after the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Large mammals are at high risk of extinction globally. To understand the consequences of their demise for community assembly, we tracked community structure through the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America. We decomposed the effects of biotic and abiotic factors by analyzing co-occurrence within the mutual ranges of species pairs. Although shifting climate drove an increase in niche overlap, co-occurrence decreased, signaling shifts in biotic interactions. Furthermore, the effect of abiotic factors on co-occurrence remained constant over time while the effect of biotic factors decreased. Biotic factors apparently played a key role in continental-scale community assembly before the extinctions. Specifically, large mammals likely promoted co-occurrence in the Pleistocene, and their loss contributed to the modern assembly pattern in which co-occurrence frequently falls below random expectations.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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