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  • 1
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    Io's thermal emission from the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-20
    Description: Galileo's photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument mapped Io's thermal emission during the I24, I25, and I27 flybys with a spatial resolution of 2.2 to 300 kilometers. Mapping of Loki in I24 shows uniform temperatures for most of Loki Patera and high temperatures in the southwest corner, probably resulting from an eruption that began 1 month before the observation. Most of Loki Patera was resurfaced before I27. Pele's caldera floor has a low temperature of 160 kelvin, whereas flows at Pillan and Zamama have temperatures of up to 200 kelvin. Global maps of nighttime temperatures provide a means for estimating global heat flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, J R -- Rathbun, J A -- Travis, L D -- Tamppari, L K -- Barnard, L -- Martin, T Z -- McEwen, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10817987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Darkness ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Filtration ; *Hot Temperature ; *Jupiter ; Photometry ; *Space Flight ; Sunlight ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Galileo at Io: results from high-resolution imaging (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-20
    Description: During late 1999/early 2000, the solid state imaging experiment on the Galileo spacecraft returned more than 100 high-resolution (5 to 500 meters per pixel) images of volcanically active Io. We observed an active lava lake, an active curtain of lava, active lava flows, calderas, mountains, plateaus, and plains. Several of the sulfur dioxide-rich plumes are erupting from distal flows, rather than from the source of silicate lava (caldera or fissure, often with red pyroclastic deposits). Most of the active flows in equatorial regions are being emplaced slowly beneath insulated crust, but rapidly emplaced channelized flows are also found at all latitudes. There is no evidence for high-viscosity lava, but some bright flows may consist of sulfur rather than mafic silicates. The mountains, plateaus, and calderas are strongly influenced by tectonics and gravitational collapse. Sapping channels and scarps suggest that many portions of the upper approximately 1 kilometer are rich in volatiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, A S -- Belton, M J -- Breneman, H H -- Fagents, S A -- Geissler, P -- Greeley, R -- Head, J W -- Hoppa, G -- Jaeger, W L -- Johnson, T V -- Keszthelyi, L -- Klaasen, K P -- Lopes-Gautier, R -- Magee, K P -- Milazzo, M P -- Moore, J M -- Pappalardo, R T -- Phillips, C B -- Radebaugh, J -- Schubert, G -- Schuster, P -- Simonelli, D P -- Sullivan, R -- Thomas, P C -- Turtle, E P -- Williams, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1193-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10817986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Image Enhancement ; *Jupiter ; *Space Flight ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Planetary science. Active volcanism on Io (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, Alfred S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2220-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Galileo imaging of atmospheric emissions from Io (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: The Galileo spacecraft has detected diffuse optical emissions from Io in high-resolution images acquired while the satellite was eclipsed by Jupiter. Three distinct components make up Io's visible emissions. Bright blue glows of more than 300 kilorayleighs emanate from volcanic plumes, probably due to electron impact on molecular sulfur dioxide. Weaker red emissions, possibly due to atomic oxygen, are seen along the limbs, brighter on the pole closest to the plasma torus. A faint green glow appears concentrated on the night side of Io, possibly produced by atomic sodium. Io's disk-averaged emission diminishes with time after entering eclipse, whereas the localized blue glows brighten instead.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geissler, P E -- McEwen, A S -- Ip, W -- Belton, M J -- Johnson, T V -- Smyth, W H -- Ingersoll, A P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):870-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA. geissler@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; *Oxygen ; Sodium ; *Sulfur Dioxide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    A close-up look at Io from Galileo's near-infrared mapping spectrometer (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-20
    Description: Infrared spectral images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, acquired during the October and November 1999 and February 2000 flybys of the Galileo spacecraft, were used to study the thermal structure and sulfur dioxide distribution of active volcanoes. Loki Patera, the solar system's most powerful known volcano, exhibits large expanses of dark, cooling lava on its caldera floor. Prometheus, the site of long-lived plume activity, has two major areas of thermal emission, which support ideas of plume migration. Sulfur dioxide deposits were mapped at local scales and show a more complex relationship to surface colors than previously thought, indicating the presence of other sulfur compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopes-Gautier, R -- Doute, S -- Smythe, W D -- Kamp, L W -- Carlson, R W -- Davies, A G -- Leader, F E -- McEwen, A S -- Geissler, P E -- Kieffer, S W -- Keszthelyi, L -- Barbinis, E -- Mehlman, R -- Segura, M -- Shirley, J -- Soderblom, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1201-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10817988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hot Temperature ; *Jupiter ; *Spacecraft ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Sunlight ; Temperature ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Prometheus: Io's wandering plume (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-20
    Description: Unlike any volcanic behavior ever observed on Earth, the plume from Prometheus on Io has wandered 75 to 95 kilometers west over the last 20 years since it was first discovered by Voyager and more recently observed by Galileo. Despite the source motion, the geometric and optical properties of the plume have remained constant. We propose that this can be explained by vaporization of a sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur "snowfield" over which a lava flow is moving. Eruption of a boundary-layer slurry through a rootless conduit with sonic conditions at the intake of the melted snow can account for the constancy of plume properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kieffer, S W -- Lopes-Gautier, R -- McEwen, A -- Smythe, W -- Keszthelyi, L -- Carlson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 19;288(5469):1204-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉S. W. Kieffer Science Consulting, Inc., 6 Queen Street, Suite 206, Post Office Box 520, Bolton, ON L7E 5T4, Canada. skieffer@geyser.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10817989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cold Temperature ; Entropy ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hot Temperature ; Ice ; *Jupiter ; Models, Chemical ; Snow ; Spacecraft ; *Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Early views of the martian surface from the Mars Orbiter Camera of Mars Global Surveyor (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: High-resolution images of the martian surface at scales of a few meters show ubiquitous erosional and depositional eolian landforms. Dunes, sandsheets, and drifts are prevalent and exhibit a range of morphology, composition (inferred from albedo), and age (as seen in occurrences of different dune orientations at the same location). Steep walls of topographic depressions such as canyons, valleys, and impact craters show the martian crust to be stratified at scales of a few tens of meters. The south polar layered terrain and superposed permanent ice cap display diverse surface textures that may reflect the complex interplay of volatile and non-volatile components. Low resolution regional views of the planet provide synoptic observations of polar cap retreat, condensate clouds, and the lifecycle of local and regional dust storms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malin, M C -- Carr, M H -- Danielson, G E -- Davies, M E -- Hartmann, W K -- Ingersoll, A P -- James, P B -- Masursky, H -- McEwen, A S -- Soderblom, L A -- Thomas, P -- Veverka, J -- Caplinger, M A -- Ravine, M A -- Soulanille, T A -- Warren, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1681-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Malin Space Science Systems, Post Office Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191-0148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Surface and airborne evidence for plumes and winds on triton (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-19
    Description: Aeolian features on Triton that were imaged during the Voyager Mission have been grouped. The term "aeolian feature" is broadly defined as features produced by or blown by the wind, including surface and airborne materials. Observations of the latitudinal distributions of the features probably associated with current activity (known plumes, crescent streaks, fixed terminator clouds, and limb haze with overshoot) all occur from latitude -37 degrees to latitude -62 degrees . Likely indicators of previous activity (dark surface streaks) occur from latitude -5 degrees to -70 degrees , but are most abundant from -15 degrees to -45 degrees , generally north of currently active features. Those indicators which give information on wind direction and speed have been measured. Wind direction is a function of altitude. The predominant direction of the surface wind streaks is found to be between 40 degrees and 80 degrees measured clockwise from north. The average orientation of streaks in the northeast quadrant is 59 degrees . Winds at 1- to 3- kilometer altitude are eastward, while those at &8 kilometers blow west.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, C J -- McEwen, A S -- Ingersoll, A P -- Terrile, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 19;250(4979):421-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Behavioral effects of progesterone associated with rapid modulation of oxytocin receptors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (VMN) are important for the control of feminine mating behavior, and hormone action within these nuclei has been causally related to behavior. Estradiol induces receptors for oxytocin in the VMN and in the area lateral to these nuclei over the course of 1 to 2 days, and progesterone causes, within 30 minutes of its application, a further increase in receptor binding and an expansion of the area covered by these receptors lateral to the VMN. The rapid progesterone effect appears to be a direct and specific effect of this steroid on the receptor or membrane, because it was produced in vitro as well as in vivo and was not mimicked by a variety of other steroids. The effect of progesterone occurred in the posterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion facilitated feminine mating behavior; it did not take place in the anterior part of the VMN, where oxytocin infusion had no effect on mating behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schumacher, M -- Coirini, H -- Pfaff, D W -- McEwen, B S -- HD-05751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-07080/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- TWO4103/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):691-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Oxytocin ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Galileo encounter with 951 gaspra: first pictures of an asteroid (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-18
    Description: Galileo images of Gaspra reveal it to be an irregularly shaped object (19 by 12 by 11 kilometers) that appears to have been created by a catastrophic collisional disruption of a precursor parent body. The cratering age of the surface is about 200 million years. Subtle albedo and color variations appear to correlate with morphological features: Brighter materials are associated with craters especially along the crests of ridges, have a stronger 1-micrometer absorption, and may represent freshly excavated mafic materials; darker materials exhibiting a significantly weaker 1-micrometer absorption appear concentrated in interridge areas. One explanation of these patterns is that Gaspra is covered with a thin regolith and that some of this material has migrated downslope in some areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belton, M J -- Veverka, J -- Thomas, P -- Helfenstein, P -- Simonelli, D -- Chapman, C -- Davies, M E -- Greeley, R -- Greenberg, R -- Head, J -- Murchie, S -- Klaasen, K -- Johnson, T V -- McEwen, A -- Morrison, D -- Neukum, G -- Fanale, F -- Anger, C -- Carr, M -- Pilcher, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 18;257(5077):1647-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17841160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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