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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: During persistent viral infections, chronic immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, an elevated interferon signature, and lymphoid tissue destruction correlate with disease progression. We demonstrated that blockade of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling using an IFN-I receptor neutralizing antibody reduced immune system activation, decreased expression of negative immune regulatory molecules, and restored lymphoid architecture in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. IFN-I blockade before and after establishment of persistent virus infection resulted in enhanced virus clearance and was CD4 T cell-dependent. Hence, we demonstrate a direct causal link between IFN-I signaling, immune activation, negative immune regulator expression, lymphoid tissue disorganization, and virus persistence. Our results suggest that therapies targeting IFN-I may help control persistent virus infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640797/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teijaro, John R -- Ng, Cherie -- Lee, Andrew M -- Sullivan, Brian M -- Sheehan, Kathleen C F -- Welch, Megan -- Schreiber, Robert D -- de la Torre, Juan Carlos -- Oldstone, Michael B A -- AI007354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA43059/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL007195/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS041219/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI009484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047140/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI077719/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):207-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1235214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antigens, CD274/metabolism ; Arenaviridae Infections/*immunology/pathology/*virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology/virology ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Interferon Type I/immunology/*metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*immunology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/immunology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/immunology/pathology ; Viremia
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-07-06
    Description: Searches for transient astrophysical sources often reveal unexpected classes of objects that are useful physical laboratories. In a recent survey for pulsars and fast transients, we have uncovered four millisecond-duration radio transients all more than 40 degrees from the Galactic plane. The bursts' properties indicate that they are of celestial rather than terrestrial origin. Host galaxy and intergalactic medium models suggest that they have cosmological redshifts of 0.5 to 1 and distances of up to 3 gigaparsecs. No temporally coincident x- or gamma-ray signature was identified in association with the bursts. Characterization of the source population and identification of host galaxies offers an opportunity to determine the baryonic content of the universe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, D -- Stappers, B -- Bailes, M -- Barsdell, B -- Bates, S -- Bhat, N D R -- Burgay, M -- Burke-Spolaor, S -- Champion, D J -- Coster, P -- D'Amico, N -- Jameson, A -- Johnston, S -- Keith, M -- Kramer, M -- Levin, L -- Milia, S -- Ng, C -- Possenti, A -- van Straten, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 5;341(6141):53-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1236789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. thornton@jb.man.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: A small molecule, alpha-(trichloromethyl)-4-pyridineethanol (PETCM), was identified by high-throughput screening as an activator of caspase-3 in extracts of a panel of cancer cells. PETCM was used in combination with biochemical fractionation to identify a pathway that regulates mitochondria-initiated caspase activation. This pathway consists of tumor suppressor putative HLA-DR-associated proteins (PHAP) and oncoprotein prothymosin-alpha (ProT). PHAP proteins promoted caspase-9 activation after apoptosome formation, whereas ProT negatively regulated caspase-9 activation by inhibiting apoptosome formation. PETCM relieved ProT inhibition and allowed apoptosome formation at a physiological concentration of deoxyadenosine triphosphate. Elimination of ProT expression by RNA interference sensitized cells to ultraviolet irradiation-induced apoptosis and negated the requirement of PETCM for caspase activation. Thus, this chemical-biological combinatory approach has revealed the regulatory roles of oncoprotein ProT and tumor suppressor PHAP in apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jiang, Xuejun -- Kim, Hyun-Eui -- Shu, Hongjun -- Zhao, Yingming -- Zhang, Haichao -- Kofron, James -- Donnelly, Jennifer -- Burns, Dave -- Ng, Shi-Chung -- Rosenberg, Saul -- Wang, Xiaodong -- GMRO1-57158/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1 ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Extracts ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neuropeptides ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Precursors/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pyridines/chemistry/*pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Thymosin/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: The cytoplasmic membrane protein TonB spans the periplasm of the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope, contacts cognate outer membrane receptors, and facilitates siderophore transport. The outer membrane receptor FhuA from Escherichia coli mediates TonB-dependent import of ferrichrome. We report the 3.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the TonB carboxyl-terminal domain in complex with FhuA. TonB contacts stabilize FhuA's amino-terminal residues, including those of the consensus Ton box sequence that form an interprotein beta sheet with TonB through strand exchange. The highly conserved TonB residue arginine-166 is oriented to form multiple contacts with the FhuA cork, the globular domain enclosed by the beta barrel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pawelek, Peter D -- Croteau, Nathalie -- Ng-Thow-Hing, Christopher -- Khursigara, Cezar M -- Moiseeva, Natalia -- Allaire, Marc -- Coulton, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1399-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ferric Compounds/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Surface Plasmon Resonance
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Antarctic ice-core data reveal that the atmosphere experienced abrupt centennial increases in CO2 concentration during the last deglaciation (~18 thousand to 11 thousand years ago). Establishing the role of ocean circulation in these changes requires high-resolution, accurately dated marine records. Here, we report radiocarbon data from uranium-thorium-dated deep-sea corals in the Equatorial Atlantic and Drake Passage over the past 25,000 years. Two major deglacial radiocarbon shifts occurred in phase with centennial atmospheric CO2 rises at 14.8 thousand and 11.7 thousand years ago. We interpret these radiocarbon-enriched signals to represent two short-lived (less than 500 years) "overshoot" events, with Atlantic meridional overturning stronger than that of the modern era. These results provide compelling evidence for a close coupling of ocean circulation and centennial climate events during the last deglaciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Tianyu -- Robinson, Laura F -- Burke, Andrea -- Southon, John -- Spooner, Peter -- Morris, Paul J -- Ng, Hong Chin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Sep 25;349(6255):1537-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aac6159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. tc14502@bristol.ac.uk. ; Bristol Isotope Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. ; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK. ; School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/*chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Climate ; *Global Warming ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; Radiometric Dating ; Thorium/analysis ; Uranium/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Description: GAP-43 is one of a small subset of cellular proteins selectively transported by a neuron to its terminals. Its enrichment in growth cones and its increased levels in developing or regenerating neurons suggest that it has an important role in neurite growth. A complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes rat GAP-43 has been isolated to study its structural characteristics and regulation. The predicted molecular size is 24 kilodaltons, although its migration in SDS-polyacrylamide gels is anomalously retarded. Expression of GAP-43 is limited to the nervous system, where its levels are highest during periods of neurite outgrowth. Nerve growth factor or adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate induction of neurites from PC12 cells is accompanied by increased GAP-43 expression. GAP-43 RNA is easily detectable, although at diminished levels, in the adult rat nervous system. This regulation of GAP-43 is concordant with a role in growth-related processes of the neuron, processes that may continue in the mature animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karns, L R -- Ng, S C -- Freeman, J A -- Fishman, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2437653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; GAP-43 Protein ; Ganglia, Spinal/analysis/embryology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/genetics ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
    Description: Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor that carries a poor prognosis. The tumor’s molecular and cellular landscapes are complex, and their relationships to histologic features routinely used for diagnosis are unclear. We present the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas, an anatomically based transcriptional atlas of human glioblastoma that aligns individual histologic features with genomic alterations and gene expression patterns, thus assigning molecular information to the most important morphologic hallmarks of the tumor. The atlas and its clinical and genomic database are freely accessible online data resources that will serve as a valuable platform for future investigations of glioblastoma pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
    Keywords: Medicine, Diseases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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