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  • Articles  (195)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (195)
  • Physics  (195)
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  • Articles  (195)
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  • 1
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    Quantum-state-selective electron recombination studies suggest enhanced abundance of primordial HeH+ (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The epoch of first star formation in the early Universe was dominated by simple atomic and molecular species consisting mainly of two elements: hydrogen and helium. Gaining insight into this constitutive era requires a thorough understanding of molecular reactivity under primordial conditions. We used a cryogenic ion storage ring combined with a merged electron beam to measure state-specific rate coefficients of dissociative recombination, a process by which electrons destroy molecular ions. We found a pronounced decrease of the electron recombination rates for the lowest rotational states of the helium hydride ion (HeH〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), compared with previous measurements at room temperature. The reduced destruction of cold HeH〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 translates into an enhanced abundance of this primordial molecule at redshifts of first star and galaxy formation.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉We report DNA- and RNA-like systems built from eight nucleotide "letters" (hence the name "hachimoji") that form four orthogonal pairs. These synthetic systems meet the structural requirements needed to support Darwinian evolution, including a polyelectrolyte backbone, predictable thermodynamic stability, and stereoregular building blocks that fit a Schrödinger aperiodic crystal. Measured thermodynamic parameters predict the stability of hachimoji duplexes, allowing hachimoji DNA to increase the information density of natural terran DNA. Three crystal structures show that the synthetic building blocks do not perturb the aperiodic crystal seen in the DNA double helix. Hachimoji DNA was then transcribed to give hachimoji RNA in the form of a functioning fluorescent hachimoji aptamer. These results expand the scope of molecular structures that might support life, including life throughout the cosmos.〈/p〉
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  • 3
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    Dosage compensation proteins targeted to X chromosomes by a determinant of hermaphrodite fate (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: In many organisms, master control genes coordinately regulate sex-specific aspects of development. SDC-2 was shown to induce hermaphrodite sexual differentiation and activate X chromosome dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans. To control these distinct processes, SDC-2 acts as a strong gene-specific repressor and a weaker chromosome-wide repressor. To initiate hermaphrodite development, SDC-2 associates with the promoter of the male sex-determining gene her-1 to repress its transcription. To activate dosage compensation, SDC-2 triggers assembly of a specialized protein complex exclusively on hermaphrodite X chromosomes to reduce gene expression by half. SDC-2 can localize to X chromosomes without other components of the dosage compensation complex, suggesting that SDC-2 targets dosage compensation machinery to X chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawes, H E -- Berlin, D S -- Lapidus, D M -- Nusbaum, C -- Davis, T L -- Meyer, B J -- GM30702/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07127/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1800-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disorders of Sex Development ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Determination Processes ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Parallel single-cell monitoring of receptor-triggered membrane translocation of a calcium-sensing protein module (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Time courses of translocation of fluorescently conjugated proteins to the plasma membrane were simultaneously measured in thousands of individual rat basophilic leukemia cells. We found that the C2 domain---a calcium-sensing, lipid-binding protein module that is an essential regulator of protein kinase C and numerous other proteins---targeted proteins to the plasma membrane transiently if calcium was released from internal stores, and persistently in response to entry of extracellular calcium across the plasma membrane. The C2 domain translocation time courses of stimulated cells clustered into only two primary modes. Hence, the reversible recruitment of families of signaling proteins from one cellular compartment to another is a rapid bifurcation mechanism for inducing discrete states of cellular signaling networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teruel, Mary N -- Meyer, Tobias -- CA83229/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM062144/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00057/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1910-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University Medical School, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luminescent Proteins ; Platelet Activating Factor/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Protein Transport ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Software ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Dynamic control of CaMKII translocation and localization in hippocampal neurons by NMDA receptor stimulation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is thought to increase synaptic strength by phosphorylating postsynaptic density (PSD) ion channels and signaling proteins. It is shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor stimulation reversibly translocates green fluorescent protein-tagged CaMKII from an F-actin-bound to a PSD-bound state. The translocation time was controlled by the ratio of expressed beta-CaMKII to alpha-CaMKII isoforms. Although F-actin dissociation into the cytosol required autophosphorylation of or calcium-calmodulin binding to beta-CaMKII, PSD translocation required binding of calcium-calmodulin to either the alpha- or beta-CaMKII subunits. Autophosphorylation of CaMKII indirectly prolongs its PSD localization by increasing the calmodulin-binding affinity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, K -- Meyer, T -- GM-48113/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):162-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Box 3709, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Dendrites/*enzymology ; Electric Stimulation ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Hippocampus/cytology/*enzymology ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/*enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Synapses/*enzymology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 6
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    Imaging of humic substance macromolecular structures in water and soils (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: Humic substances (HSs) are the natural organic polyelectrolytes formed from the biochemical weathering of plant and animal remains. Their macromolecular structure and chemistry determine their role in biogeochemical processes. In situ spectromicroscopic evidence showed that the HS macromolecular structures (size and shape) vary as a function of HS origin (soil versus fluvial), solution chemistry, and the associated mineralogy. The HSs do not simply form coils in acidic or strong electrolyte solutions and elongated structures in dilute alkaline solutions. The macromolecular structural changes of HSs are likely to modify contaminant solubility, biotransformation, and the carbon cycle in soils and sediments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myneni -- Brown -- Martinez -- Meyer-Ilse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Division, Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. Agriculture Experimental Station, University o.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Signaling and circuitry of multiple MAPK pathways revealed by a matrix of global gene expression profiles (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-05
    Description: Genome-wide transcript profiling was used to monitor signal transduction during yeast pheromone response. Genetic manipulations allowed analysis of changes in gene expression underlying pheromone signaling, cell cycle control, and polarized morphogenesis. A two-dimensional hierarchical clustered matrix, covering 383 of the most highly regulated genes, was constructed from 46 diverse experimental conditions. Diagnostic subsets of coexpressed genes reflected signaling activity, cross talk, and overlap of multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Analysis of the profiles specified by two different MAPKs-Fus3p and Kss1p-revealed functional overlap of the filamentous growth and mating responses. Global transcript analysis reflects biological responses associated with the activation and perturbation of signal transduction pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, C J -- Nelson, B -- Marton, M J -- Stoughton, R -- Meyer, M R -- Bennett, H A -- He, Y D -- Dai, H -- Walker, W L -- Hughes, T R -- Tyers, M -- Boone, C -- Friend, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 4;287(5454):873-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosetta Inpharmatics, 12040 115th Avenue Northeast, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10657304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; G1 Phase ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal ; Lipoproteins/pharmacology/physiology ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptides/pharmacology/physiology ; Pheromones ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; *Repressor Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 8
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    Translating biomolecular recognition into nanomechanics (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: We report the specific transduction, via surface stress changes, of DNA hybridization and receptor-ligand binding into a direct nanomechanical response of microfabricated cantilevers. Cantilevers in an array were functionalized with a selection of biomolecules. The differential deflection of the cantilevers was found to provide a true molecular recognition signal despite large nonspecific responses of individual cantilevers. Hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides shows that a single base mismatch between two 12-mer oligonucleotides is clearly detectable. Similar experiments on protein A-immunoglobulin interactions demonstrate the wide-ranging applicability of nanomechanical transduction to detect biomolecular recognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fritz, J -- Baller, M K -- Lang, H P -- Rothuizen, H -- Vettiger, P -- Meyer, E -- Guntherodt, H -- Gerber, C -- Gimzewski, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, Saumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Base Pair Mismatch ; Base Pairing ; Chemistry, Physical ; Goats ; Gold/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/*chemistry ; Ligands ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*chemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Rabbits ; Silicon/*chemistry ; Staphylococcal Protein A/*chemistry ; Static Electricity ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thionucleotides/chemistry
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  • 9
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    Susceptibility locus for Alzheimer's disease on chromosome 10 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-23
    Description: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the only genetic risk factor that has so far been linked to risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, 50 percent of Alzheimer's disease cases do not carry an APOE4 allele, suggesting that other risk factors must exist. We performed a two-stage genome-wide screen in sibling pairs with LOAD to detect other susceptibility loci. Here we report evidence for an Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 10. Our stage one multipoint lod score (logarithm of the odds ratio for linkage/no linkage) of 2.48 (266 sibling pairs) increased to 3.83 in stage 2 (429 sibling pairs) close to D10S1225 (79 centimorgans). This locus modifies risk for Alzheimer's disease independent of APOE genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, A -- Holmans, P -- Marshall, H -- Kwon, J -- Meyer, D -- Ramic, D -- Shears, S -- Booth, J -- DeVrieze, F W -- Crook, R -- Hamshere, M -- Abraham, R -- Tunstall, N -- Rice, F -- Carty, S -- Lillystone, S -- Kehoe, P -- Rudrasingham, V -- Jones, L -- Lovestone, S -- Perez-Tur, J -- Williams, J -- Owen, M J -- Hardy, J -- Goate, A M -- AG16208/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG5681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U24 AG021886/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2304-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Aged ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Nuclear Family ; Odds Ratio
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  • 10
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    Control of nitrogen export from watersheds by headwater streams (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-09
    Description: A comparative (15)N-tracer study of nitrogen dynamics in headwater streams from biomes throughout North America demonstrates that streams exert control over nutrient exports to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. The most rapid uptake and transformation of inorganic nitrogen occurred in the smallest streams. Ammonium entering these streams was removed from the water within a few tens to hundreds of meters. Nitrate was also removed from stream water but traveled a distance 5 to 10 times as long, on average, as ammonium. Despite low ammonium concentration in stream water, nitrification rates were high, indicating that small streams are potentially important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide. During seasons of high biological activity, the reaches of headwater streams typically export downstream less than half of the input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from their watersheds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, B J -- Wollheim, W M -- Mulholland, P J -- Webster, J R -- Meyer, J L -- Tank, J L -- Marti, E -- Bowden, W B -- Valett, H M -- Hershey, A E -- McDowell, W H -- Dodds, W K -- Hamilton, S K -- Gregory, S -- Morrall, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):86-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorption ; Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biofilms ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; *Fresh Water ; Fungi/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Photosynthesis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seasons ; United States
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