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  • 1
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    Probing vacancy behavior across complex oxide heterointerfaces (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Oxygen vacancies (〈f〉VO••〈/f〉) play a critical role as defects in complex oxides in establishing functionality in systems including memristors, all-oxide electronics, and electrochemical cells that comprise metal-insulator-metal or complex oxide heterostructure configurations. Improving oxide-oxide interfaces necessitates a direct, spatial understanding of vacancy distributions that define electrochemically active regions. We show vacancies deplete over micrometer-level distances in Nb-doped SrTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (Nb:SrTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) substrates due to deposition and post-annealing processes. We convert the surface potential across a strontium titanate/yttria-stabilized zirconia (STO/YSZ) heterostructured film to spatial (T = 500°C) in situ scanning probes and semiconductor analysis. Oxygen scavenging occurring during pulsed laser deposition reduces Nb:STO substantially, which partially reoxidizes in an oxygen-rich environment upon cooling. These results (i) introduce the means to spatially resolve quantitative vacancy distributions across oxide films and (ii) indicate the mechanisms by which oxide thin films enhance and then deplete vacancies within the underlying substrate.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Here, we found that unmedicated and medicated patients with SCZ had a decreased microbiome α-diversity index and marked disturbances of gut microbial composition versus healthy controls (HCs). Several unique bacterial taxa (e.g., Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae) were associated with SCZ severity. A specific microbial panel (Aerococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Brucellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Rikenellaceae) enabled discriminating patients with SCZ from HCs with 0.769 area under the curve. Compared to HCs, germ-free mice receiving SCZ microbiome fecal transplants had lower glutamate and higher glutamine and GABA in the hippocampus and displayed SCZ-relevant behaviors similar to other mouse models of SCZ involving glutamatergic hypofunction. Together, our findings suggest that the SCZ microbiome itself can alter neurochemistry and neurologic function in ways that may be relevant to SCZ pathology.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Resistance loss analysis and structure optimization of conical diffuser in siphon rectifying device (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: Siphon water conveyance is a commonly used way to transport water in high efficiency, and its core equipment is the submerged rectifying device at the entrance. Due to the complex structure inside the device, the local resistance loss is too high, which has a certain impact on the water delivery efficiency. By taking the single conical diffuser inside the siphon rectifying device as the research object, analyzing the mesh generation and the simulation strategy. Of which the target is reducing the resistance loss. Then the optimal plan is y w =10μm, N=20, R=1.3, using k-ε standard. And the analyzing of the head loss in each part of the conical diffuser is based on the simulation results. The obtained head loss of the diffuse part account for 40%-50% of the total loss. The parametric analysis of the conical diffuser structure is carried out for the diffuse part. Through the orthogonal design and the result analyzed, the optimal structural scheme is L1=36mm, L2=74mm, D1=17...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 4
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    Study on the influence of blade outlet angle on unsteady flow and structural dynamic characteristics for chemical process pump (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-07-31
    Description: In order to reveal the influence of the blade outlet angle on the structural dynamic characteristics of chemical process pump, a chemical process centrifugal pump with high specific speed was selected to be researched, and 4 impellers with different blade outlet angle were redesigned based on the prototype pump, which ensuring that the other geometrical parameters unchanged. The blade outlet angle designed are 27°, 37°, and 47°, referring to the original impeller whose blade outlet angle was 22°. Then, the numerical calculation was applied for each scheme under designed condition based on the bidirectional coupling fluid- structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Through simulation, the head after the fluid-solid coupling was lower than before, but the error was reduced. Comparing the distribution of equivalent stress at intersection boundary, it shows that the places from 0.6 times to 0.8 times at the outlet of the intersection boundary of stress side and shroud were greatly aff...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 5
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    The structure of cbb3 cytochrome oxidase provides insights into proton pumping (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: The heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) accomplish the key event of aerobic respiration; they couple O2 reduction and transmembrane proton pumping. To gain new insights into the still enigmatic process, we structurally characterized a C-family HCO--essential for the pathogenicity of many bacteria--that differs from the two other HCO families, A and B, that have been structurally analyzed. The x-ray structure of the C-family cbb3 oxidase from Pseudomonas stutzeri at 3.2 angstrom resolution shows an electron supply system different from families A and B. Like family-B HCOs, C HCOs have only one pathway, which conducts protons via an alternative tyrosine-histidine cross-link. Structural differences around hemes b and b3 suggest a different redox-driven proton-pumping mechanism and provide clues to explain the higher activity of family-C HCOs at low oxygen concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buschmann, Sabine -- Warkentin, Eberhard -- Xie, Hao -- Langer, Julian D -- Ermler, Ulrich -- Michel, Hartmut -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):327-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1187303. Epub 2010 Jun 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysik, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heme/chemistry ; Histidine/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Periplasm/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protons ; Pseudomonas stutzeri/*enzymology ; Tyrosine/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉One-pot oxidative transformation of alcohols into esters is very attractive, but metal-based catalysts are used in the reported routes. We discovered that the basic ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] OAc) could effectively catalyze this kind of reaction using O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as an oxidant without any other catalysts or additives. The oxidative self-esterification of benzylic alcohols or aliphatic alcohols and cross-esterification between benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols could all be achieved with high yields. Detailed study revealed that the cation with acidic proton and basic acetate anion could simultaneously form multiple hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of the alcohols, which catalyzed the reaction very effectively. As far as we know, this is the first work to carry out this kind of reaction under metal-free conditions.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Parameters sensitivity analysis of DO in water quality model of QUAL2K (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: QUAL2K is a comprehensive longitudinal one-dimension steady-state water quality model, which considers the effect on dissolved oxygen (DO) through nitrogen circulation, algae growth and sediment oxidation process. And this model integrated hydrological model and temperature model, so it is widely adopted in the overseas. Because of its complexity and multiple parameters, the application of this model is restricted in China. Parameters optimization is inevitable in the usage of the water quality model. The modified Morris screening method is used and DO is selected as study index to proceed sensitivity analysis and further optimize related parameters. The high sensitive parameters, sensitive parameters and low sensitive parameters are determined.
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Light emission from silicon (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-02
    Description: The possibility induction of light emission from silicon, an indirect bandgap material in which radiative transitions are unlikely, raises several interesting and technologically important possibilities, especially the fabrication of a truly integrated optoelectronic microchip. In this article, the natural considerations that constrain silicon from emitting light efficiently are examined, as are several engineered solutions to this limitation. These include intrinsic and alloy-induced luminescence; radiatively active impurities; quantum-confined structures, including zone folding and the recent developments in porous silicon; and a hybrid approach, the integration of direct bandgap materials onto silicon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iyer, S S -- Xie, Y H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):40-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Research on Structural Strength of 7800 PCTC under Flexible Design (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2018-08-21
    Description: In this paper, we use the finite element software MSC·PATRAN and MSC·NASTRAN to establish the FEM model. Then we analyze the racking condition strength under the conditions of inclined shipping, and discuss the stress of the hull structure, the distribution of the hot spot and the deformation of the deflection under the flexible design concept. Some general conclusions under the design concept are obtained, which will be expected to contribute to the development of the design concept of the whole ship flexible structure.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 10
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    Fuel-powered artificial muscles (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: Artificial muscles and electric motors found in autonomous robots and prosthetic limbs are typically battery-powered, which severely restricts the duration of their performance and can necessitate long inactivity during battery recharge. To help solve these problems, we demonstrated two types of artificial muscles that convert the chemical energy of high-energy-density fuels to mechanical energy. The first type stores electrical charge and uses changes in stored charge for mechanical actuation. In contrast with electrically powered electrochemical muscles, only half of the actuator cycle is electrochemical. The second type of fuel-powered muscle provides a demonstrated actuator stroke and power density comparable to those of natural skeletal muscle and generated stresses that are over a hundred times higher.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebron, Von Howard -- Yang, Zhiwei -- Seyer, Daniel J -- Kozlov, Mikhail E -- Oh, Jiyoung -- Xie, Hui -- Razal, Joselito -- Hall, Lee J -- Ferraris, John P -- Macdiarmid, Alan G -- Baughman, Ray H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Organs ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Biomimetic Materials ; Bionics ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electrochemistry ; *Electrodes ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Lifting ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Robotics ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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