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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (373)
  • 1980-1984  (373)
  • 1983  (373)
  • 1
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    The fate of amoco cadiz oil (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: The Amoco Cadiz oil spill (223,000 metric tons) of March 1978 is the largest and best studied tanker spill in history. Of the total oil lost, 30,000 tons (13.5 percent) rapidly became incorporated into the water column, 18,000 tons (8 percent) were deposited in subtidal sediments, 62,000 tons (28 percent) washed into the intertidal zone, and 67,000 tons (30 percent) evaporated. While still at sea, approximately 10,000 tons of oil were degraded microbiologically. After 3 years, the most obvious effects of the spill have passed, although hydrocarbon concentrations remain elevated in those estuaries and marshes that were initially most heavily oiled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gundlach, E R -- Boehm, P D -- Marchand, M -- Atlas, R M -- Ward, D M -- Wolfe, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):122-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17769199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    The thymus-adrenal connection: thymosin has corticotropin-releasing activity in primates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Determination of thermal histories of archeological cereal grains with electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The thermal histories of archeological cereal grains were examined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Studies with modern samples of heated cereal grain showed that the parameters of the electron spin resonance signal characterize the maximum temperature to which the sample had previously been heated. This technique has applicability in archeology and other disciplines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillman, G C -- Robins, G V -- Oduwole, D -- Sales, K D -- McNeil, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17806726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teillaud, J L -- Desaymard, C -- Giusti, A M -- Haseltine, B -- Pollock, R R -- Yelton, D E -- Zack, D J -- Scharff, M D -- 5T32GM7288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI05231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10702/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):721-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/*immunology ; *Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Genes ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Anti-T-cell reagents for human bone marrow transplantation: ricin linked to three monoclonal antibodies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-04
    Description: Three new reagents that react against human T cells were synthesized by covalently linking the toxin ricin to monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens on the surface of T lymphocytes. Each of these immunotoxins selectively inhibited T-cell proliferation when the cells were incubated in the presence of lactose. Multipotent human stem cells were inhibited only at much higher concentrations. Mixtures of all three immunotoxins were more effective than any one alone. These reagents have the potential for preventing graft-versus-host disease in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vallera, D A -- Ash, R C -- Zanjani, E D -- Kersey, J H -- LeBien, T W -- Beverley, P C -- Neville, D M Jr -- Youle, R J -- CA-25097/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-31618/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-31685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 4;222(4623):512-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Ricin/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nicarbazin complex yields dinitrocarbanilide as ultrafine crystals with improved anticoccidial activity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: Nicarbazin, a drug used to control the protozoal disease coccidiosis in poultry, is a complex of the highly insoluble drug 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide with 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. The structures of this and other 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide complexes have not been determined, but an analogous 2:1 complex of 4,4'-dinitrodiphenylamine with 1,4-diacetylpiperazine has been prepared in which the only possible bonds are hydrogen bonds between the amide carbonyls and amino hydrogens. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that micron-size crystals of nicarbazin disintegrate in water to form much smaller dinitrocarbanilide crystals. Similar complex dissolution in the gut of poultry may account for the greater effectiveness of dinitrocarbanilide when administered as complexed rather than uncomplexed drug. Particle size problems associated with other highly insoluble drugs and pesticides may be resolved by the use of nicarbazin-like complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, E F -- Brown, R D -- Brown, J E -- Kazazis, D M -- Leanza, W J -- Nichols, J R -- Ostlind, D A -- Rodino, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):630-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbanilides/*administration & dosage ; Chickens ; Coccidiostats ; Crystallization ; Intestinal Absorption ; Nicarbazin/*administration & dosage ; Poultry Diseases/*prevention & control ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 7
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    Increased chromosomal mutation rate after hybridization between two subspecies of grasshoppers (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Hybridization between two chromosomally distinct subspecies of the grasshopper Caledia captiva results in a high incidence of novel chromosomal rearrangements among the backcross progeny. Rearrangements are restricted to those chromosomes derived from the F1 hybrid parent. Chromosomal involvement is nonrandom with the same rearrangement occurring repeatedly in different backcrosses. A single individual can also generate an array of different rearrangements among its offspring. Several of the rearrangements have also been found in natural populations. The nonrandom and recurrent nature of these chromosomal mutations at high frequencies provides a plausible explanation for the establishment and fixation of chromosomal rearrangements in natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, D D -- Wilkinson, P -- Coates, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1165-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Grasshoppers/*genetics ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mutation
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Expression of naphthalene oxidation genes in Escherichia coli results in the biosynthesis of indigo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: A fragment of plasmid NAH7 from Pseudomonas putida PpG7 has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. Growth of the recombinant Escherichia coli in nutrient medium results in the formation of indigo. The production of this dye is increased in the presence of tryptophan or indole. Several bacteria that oxidize aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols also oxidize indole to indigo. The results suggest that indigo formation is due to the combined activities of tryptophanase and naphthalene dioxygenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ensley, B D -- Ratzkin, B J -- Osslund, T D -- Simon, M J -- Wackett, L P -- Gibson, D T -- M29909/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):167-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Coloring Agents/metabolism ; Dioxygenases ; Escherichia coli/*genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Indigo Carmine ; Indoles/*biosynthesis ; Multienzyme Complexes/*genetics ; Naphthalenes/metabolism ; Oxygenases/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Pseudomonas/genetics
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  • 9
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    Phaseolin gene from bean is expressed after transfer to sunflower via tumor-inducing plasmid vectors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-04
    Description: Sequences coding for the bean seed protein phaseolin were inserted into transferred DNA regions of tumor-inducing plasmids. Constructions were devised in which the coding region of phaseolin was fused in the correct reading frame with the coding region of octopine synthase and placed under the transcriptional control of the octopine synthase promoter. Other plasmids were prepared to permit expression of the phaseolin-encoding sequences from the flanking phaseolin promoter region. The RNA transcribed in sunflower cells transformed with these constructions was characterized by hybridization procedures, SI nuclease mapping, and by translation in vitro of extracted RNA. These tests showed that the genomic intervening sequences were correctly excised. Immunoreactive phaseolin polypeptides were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by antibody hybridization to electrophoretically separated protein extracts of sunflower tissues isolated from crown gall tumors and of transformed sunflower cells grown in tissue culture. These results demonstrate the expression of a plant gene after transfer to a taxonomically distinct botanical family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murai, N -- Kemp, J D -- Sutton, D W -- Murray, M G -- Slightom, J L -- Merlo, D J -- Reichert, N A -- Sengupta-Gopalan, C -- Stock, C A -- Barker, R F -- Hall, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 4;222(4623):476-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17746179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Is there any chlorine monoxide in the stratosphere? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: A ground-based search for stratospheric chlorine monoxide was carried out during May and October 1981 with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer in the solar absorption mode. Lines due to stratospheric nitric acid and tropospheric carbonyl sulfide were detected at about 0.2 percent absorptance levels, but the expected 0.1 percent lines of chlorine monoxide in this same region were not seen. Stratospheric chlorine monoxide is less abundant by at least a factor of 7 than is indicated by in situ measurements, and the upper limit for the integrated vertical column density of chlorine monoxide is 2.3 x 10(13) molecules per square centimeter at the 95 percent confidence level. These results imply that the release of chlorofluorocarbons may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone than is currently thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumma, M J -- Rogers, J D -- Kostiuk, T -- Deming, D -- Hillman, J J -- Zipoy, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17815195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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