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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (442)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (442)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1993  (442)
  • 1
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    Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-19
    Description: Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Zhang, M H -- Potter, G L -- Barker, H W -- Colman, R A -- Dazlich, D A -- Del Genio, A D -- Esch, M -- Fraser, J R -- Galin, V -- Gates, W L -- Hack, J J -- Ingram, W J -- Kiehl, J T -- Lacis, A A -- Le Treut, H -- Li, Z X -- Liang, X Z -- Mahfouf, J F -- McAvaney, B J -- Meleshko, V P -- Morcrette, J J -- Randall, D A -- Roeckner, E -- Royer, J F -- Sokolov, A P -- Sporyshev, P V -- Taylor, K E -- Wang, W C -- Wetherald, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 19;262(5137):1252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Cooperative formation of inorganic-organic interfaces in the synthesis of silicate mesostructures (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-03
    Description: A model is presented to explain the formation and morphologies of surfactant-silicate mesostructures. Three processes are identified: multidentate binding of silicate oligomers to the cationic surfactant, preferential silicate polymerization in the interface region, and charge density matching between the surfactant and the silicate. The model explains present experimental data, including the transformation between lamellar and hexagonal mesophases, and provides a guide for predicting conditions that favor the formation of lamellar, hexagonal, or cubic mesostructures. Model Q(230) proposed by Mariani and his co-workers satisfactorily fits the x-ray data collected on the cubic mesostructure material. This model suggests that the silicate polymer forms a unique infinite silicate sheet sitting on the gyroid minimal surface and separating the surfactant molecules into two disconnected volumes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, A -- Schuth, F -- Huo, Q -- Kumar, D -- Margolese, D -- Maxwell, R S -- Stucky, G D -- Krishnamurty, M -- Petroff, P -- Firouzi, A -- Janicke, M -- Chmelka, B F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 3;261(5126):1299-303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    Structure of the regulatory complex of Escherichia coli IIIGlc with glycerol kinase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-29
    Description: The phosphocarrier protein IIIGlc is an integral component of the bacterial phosphotransferase (PTS) system. Unphosphorylated IIIGlc inhibits non-PTS carbohydrate transport systems by binding to diverse target proteins. The crystal structure at 2.6 A resolution of one of the targets, glycerol kinase (GK), in complex with unphosphorylated IIIGlc, glycerol, and adenosine diphosphate was determined. GK contains a region that is topologically identical to the adenosine triphosphate binding domains of hexokinase, the 70-kD heat shock cognate, and actin. IIIGlc binds far from the catalytic site of GK, indicating that long-range conformational changes mediate the inhibition of GK by IIIGlc. GK and IIIGlc are bound by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, with only one hydrogen bond involving an uncharged group. The phosphorylation site of IIIGlc, His90, is buried in a hydrophobic environment formed by the active site region of IIIGlc and a 3(10) helix of GK, suggesting that phosphorylation prevents IIIGlc binding to GK by directly disrupting protein-protein interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, J H -- Faber, H R -- Worthylake, D -- Meadow, N D -- Roseman, S -- Pettigrew, D W -- Remington, S J -- 5-R37 GM38759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 42618-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 29;259(5095):673-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Glycerol Kinase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Models, Structural ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 4
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    Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Better characterization of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients with primary infection has important implications for the development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine because vaccine strategies should target viral isolates with the properties of transmitted viruses. In five HIV-1 seroconverters, the viral phenotype was found to be uniformly macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing. Furthermore, the viruses were genotypically homogeneous within each patient, but a common signature sequence was not discernible among transmitted viruses. In the two cases where the sexual partners were also studied, the sequences of the transmitted viruses matched best with minor variants in the blood of the transmitters. There was also a stronger pressure to conserve sequences in gp120 than in gp41, nef, and p17, suggesting that a selective mechanism is involved in transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, T -- Mo, H -- Wang, N -- Nam, D S -- Cao, Y -- Koup, R A -- Ho, D D -- AI24030/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI25541/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27742/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV Antigens/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity/microbiology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; Sexual Partners ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 5
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    Chemical loss of ozone in the arctic polar vortex in the winter of 1991-1992 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide, bromine monoxide, and ozone are extrapolated globally, with the use of meteorological tracers, to infer the loss rates for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) in the winter of 1991-1992. The analysis indicates removal of 15 to 20 percent of ambient ozone because of elevated concentrations of chlorine monoxide and bromine monoxide. Observations during AASE II define rates of removal of chlorine monoxide attributable to reaction with nitrogen dioxide (produced by photolysis of nitric acid) and to production of hydrochloric acid. Ozone loss ceased in March as concentrations of chlorine monoxide declined. Ozone losses could approach 50 percent if regeneration of nitrogen dioxide were inhibited by irreversible removal of nitrogen oxides (denitrification), as presently observed in the Antarctic, or without denitrification if inorganic chlorine concentrations were to double.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salawitch, R J -- Wofsy, S C -- Gottlieb, E W -- Lait, L R -- Newman, P A -- Schoeberl, M R -- Loewenstein, M -- Podolske, J R -- Strahan, S E -- Proffitt, M H -- Webster, C R -- May, R D -- Fahey, D W -- Baumgardner, D -- Dye, J E -- Wilson, J C -- Kelly, K K -- Elkins, J W -- Chan, K R -- Anderson, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1146-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    Effects of oral administration of type II collagen on rheumatoid arthritis (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-24
    Description: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory synovial disease thought to involve T cells reacting to an antigen within the joint. Type II collagen is the major protein in articular cartilage and is a potential autoantigen in this disease. Oral tolerization to autoantigens suppresses animal models of T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, including two models of rheumatoid arthritis. In this randomized, double-blind trial involving 60 patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis, a decrease in the number of swollen joints and tender joints occurred in subjects fed chicken type II collagen for 3 months but not in those that received a placebo. Four patients in the collagen group had complete remission of the disease. No side effects were evident. These data demonstrate clinical efficacy of an oral tolerization approach for rheumatoid arthritis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trentham, D E -- Dynesius-Trentham, R A -- Orav, E J -- Combitchi, D -- Lorenzo, C -- Sewell, K L -- Hafler, D A -- Weiner, H L -- AG00294/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MO1 RR01032/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1727-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*drug therapy/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*drug therapy/immunology ; Collagen/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebo Effect ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 7
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    WT1-mediated growth suppression of Wilms tumor cells expressing a WT1 splicing variant (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-24
    Description: A human Wilms tumor cell line (RM1) was developed to test the tumor suppressor activity of WT1, a zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in the developing human kidney and is mutationally inactivated in a subset of Wilms tumors. Transfection of each of four wild-type WT1 isoforms suppressed the growth of RM1 cells. The endogenous WT1 transcript in these cells was devoid of exon 2 sequences, a splicing alteration that was also detected in varying amounts in all Wilms tumors tested but not in normal kidney. Production of this abnormal transcript, which encodes a functionally altered protein, may represent a distinct mechanism for inactivating WT1 in Wilms tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haber, D A -- Park, S -- Maheswaran, S -- Englert, C -- Re, G G -- Hazen-Martin, D J -- Sens, D A -- Garvin, A J -- CA37887/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA58596/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; Genes, Wilms Tumor/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; WT1 Proteins ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics/*pathology
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  • 8
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    Pliocene paleoclimate and East antarctic ice-sheet history from surficial ash deposits (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-30
    Description: The preservation, age, and stratigraphic relation of an in situ ashfall layer with an underlying desert pavement in Arena Valley, southern Victoria Land, indicate that a cold-desert climate has persisted in Arena Valley during the past 4.3 million years. These data indicate that the present East Antarctic Ice Sheet has endured for this time and that average temperatures during the Pliocene in Arena Valley were no greater than 3 degrees C above present values. One implication is that the collapse of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet due to greenhouse warming is unlikely, even if global atmospheric temperatures rise to levels last experienced during mid-Pliocene times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marchant, D R -- Swisher, C C 3rd -- Lux, D R -- West, D P Jr -- Denton, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 30;260(5108):667-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17812227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    The crystal structure of lysin, a fertilization protein (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-17
    Description: Lysin, a protein from abalone sperm, creates a hole in the envelope of the egg, permitting the sperm to pass through the envelope and fuse with the egg. The structure of lysin, refined at 1.9 angstroms resolution, reveals an alpha-helical, amphipathic molecule. The surface of the protein exhibits three features: two tracks of basic residues that span the length of the molecule, a solvent-exposed cluster of aromatic and aliphatic amino acids, and an extended amino-terminal hypervariable domain that is species-specific. The structure suggests possible mechanisms of action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, A -- McRee, D E -- Vacquier, V D -- Stout, C D -- HD12986/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037-1093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mollusca ; Mucoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Vitelline Membrane/metabolism
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  • 10
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    Crystal structure of a synthetic triple-stranded alpha-helical bundle (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-26
    Description: The x-ray crystal structure of a peptide designed to form a double-stranded parallel coiled coil shows that it is actually a triple-stranded coiled coil formed by three alpha-helices. Unlike the designed parallel coiled coil, the helices run up-up-down. The structure is stabilized by a distinctive hydrophobic interface consisting of eight layers. As in the design, each alpha-helix in the coiled coil contributes one leucine side chain to each layer. The structure suggests that hydrophobic interactions are a dominant factor in the stabilization of coiled coils. The stoichiometry and geometry of coiled coils are primarily determined by side chain packing in the solvent-inaccessible interior, but electrostatic interactions also contribute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lovejoy, B -- Choe, S -- Cascio, D -- McRorie, D K -- DeGrado, W F -- Eisenberg, D -- 31299/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 26;259(5099):1288-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1570.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8446897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Leucine/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Tropomyosin/chemistry/ultrastructure
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