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  • Springer  (125)
  • Geological Society of America (GSA)
  • 2015-2019  (39)
  • 1995-1999  (89)
  • 1950-1954  (2)
  • 1915-1919  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ammonium ions on the depolarization-induced and direct activation of the contractile apparatus in mechanically skinned fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 17 (1996), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanically skinned fibre preparations from the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat were used to test whether a rise in myoplasmic [NH4 +] in the range 2–10 mm interferes with the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling in fast-twitch mammalian muscle. Under our conditions (pH 7.10, Mg2+ 1 mm, temperature 23° C), [NH4 +] up to 10 mm had little effect on the Ca+-activated force and on the peak of the t-system depolarization-induced force response. However, the duration of the depolarization-induced force response was decreased significantly at [NH4 +] ≥2 mm. From these data we conclude that the intracellular accumulation of NH4 + is not likely to play a major role in fatigue. Nevertheless, the build up of NH4 + during fatigue, may have a significant inhibitory effect on the force output by decreasing the duration of the t-system depolarization-induced activation of the contractile apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154055
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfluorometric analyses of glycogen in freshly dissected, single skeletal muscle fibres of the cane toad using a mechanically skinned fibre preparation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 19 (1998), S. 631-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The main objective of this study was to analyse glycogen in single muscle fibres, using a recently developed microfluorometric method which detects subpicomol amounts of NADPH, glucose and glycogen (as glucosyl units) (detection limit 0.16–0.17pmol in a 25nl sample) without fluorochrome amplification. The fibres were freshly dissected from the twitch region of the iliofibularis muscle of the cane toad (Bufo marinus), and were mechanically skinned under paraffin oil to gain access to the intracellular compartments. The results show that: (1) glycogen concentrations in toad skeletal muscle fibres range between 25.8 and 369mmol glucosyl units/litre fibre volume; (2) there is a large variation in glycogen content between individual fibres from the iliofibularis muscle of one animal; (3) there are seasonal differences in the glycogen content of toad single muscle fibres; (4) the total amount of glycogen in single muscle fibres of the toad does not decrease significantly when storing the tissue, under paraffin oil, at 20–25°C for up to 6h or at 4°C for up to 24h; and (5) 15–26% of fibre glycogen can be washed in an aqueous solution at pH 5–7, within 5min, while 74–85% of fibre glycogen remains associated with the washed skinned fibre, even after 40min exposure of the skinned fibre preparation to the aqueous environment. The retention of most glycogen in the fibre preparation after mechanical removal of the plasma membrane and extensive washing indicates that in toad skeletal muscle fibres the largest proportion of glycogen is tightly bound to intracellular structures. The results also show that the skinned muscle fibre preparation is well suited for microfluorometric glycogen determination, since low molecular weight non-glycogen contributors to the fluorescence signal can be removed from the myoplasmic space prior to the glycogen hydrolysis step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005377030193
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pollination intensity on the vigor of the sporophytic and gametophytic generation of Cucurbita texana (1997)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 10 (1997), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Cucurbita texana ; Pollen ; Pollen performance ; Pollen competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We examined the effects of pollen competition (pollen load size) on sporophytic vigor and gametophytic performance in Cucurbita texana, a wild gourd, while controlling for alternative interpretations of the data. Under field conditions we compared the vigor of progeny produced from large and small pollen loads and examined the in vitro performance of the pollen produced by the progeny. We found that the progeny from large pollen loads germinated faster and had a greater reproductive output (male flowers and fruits) than progeny produced from small pollen loads. In addition, we found that the pollen produced on plants derived from large pollen loads grew faster in vitro than the pollen produced on plants derived from small pollen loads. These findings indicate that pollen competition affects the performance of the resulting sporophytic generation and the microgametophytes they produce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050092
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in sporophytic and gametophytic vigor in wild and cultivated varieties of Cucurbita pepo and their F1 and F2 generations (1998)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 11 (1998), S. 265-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Cucurbita ; Pollen tube growth ; Pollen performance ; Hybridization ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This study examines sporophytic and gametophytic vigor in wild and cultivated varieties of Cucurbita pepo L. and their hybrids in order to determine whether hybrid vigor extends to the microgametophyte generation. It also examines the variation in sporophytic and gametophytic vigor to discern the non-genetic influences of pollen provisioning by the sporophyte on pollen performance from the genetic influences of the microgametophyte’s own genotype on pollen performance. A cultivated and a wild C. pepo and their F1 and the F2 generations were grown under field conditions and flower and fruit production were monitored over one summer. We found that the four types of plants differed significantly in the number of male and female flowers and the number of fruits they produced. The F1 plants produced significantly more male flowers and marginally more female flowers and fruits than the parental lines. To estimate gametophytic vigor pollen was germinated in vitro and pollen tube length measured after 30 min. We found that pollen tubes from the F1 plants had significantly greater growth than tubes from the parental lines or the F2 generation, indicating that hybrid vigor extends to the microgametophytic generation. By partitioning the variance of pollen tube growth into ’within’ and ’among’ plant components of variation, we were able to show that the genotype of the microgametophyte influences pollen performance in vitro, but that expression of hybrid vigor in the microgametophyte is likely to be due to an environmental effect related to provisioning of the pollen grains during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004970050152
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Barbiturates on Facilitative Glucose Transporters are Pharmacologically Specific and Isoform Selective (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 169 (1999), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Barbiturates — Glucose transport — Anesthetics — Pharmacologic specificity — Isoform selectivity — Binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Barbiturates inhibit GLUT-1-mediated glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier, in cultured mammalian cells, and in human erythrocytes. Barbiturates also interact directly with GLUT-1. The hypotheses that this inhibition of glucose transport is (i) selective, preferring barbiturates over halogenated hydrocarbon inhalation anesthetics, and (ii) specific, favoring some GLUT-# isoforms over others were tested. Several oxy- and thio-barbiturates inhibited [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake by GLUT-1 expressing murine fibroblasts with IC50s of 0.2–2.9 mm. Inhibition of GLUT-1 by barbiturates correlates with their overall lipid solubility and pharmacology, and requires hydrophobic side chains on the core barbiturate structure. In contrast, several halogenated hydrocarbons and ethanol (all ≤10 mm) do not significantly inhibit glucose transport. The interaction of these three classes of anesthetics with purified GLUT-1 was evaluated by quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence and displayed similar specificities and characteristics. The ability of barbiturates to inhibit other facilitative glucose transporters was determined in cell types expressing predominantly one isoform. Pentobarbital inhibits [3H]-2-deoxyglucose and [14C]-3-O-methyl-glucose uptake in cells expressing GLUT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-3 with IC50s of ∼1 mm. In contrast, GLUT-4 expressed in insulin-stimulated rat adipocytes was much less sensitive than the other isoforms to inhibition by pentobarbital (IC50 of 〉10 mm). Thus, barbiturates selectively inhibit glucose transport by some, but not all, facilitative glucose transporter isoforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005900
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weakly nonlinear stability analyses of one-dimensional Turing pattern formation in activator-inhibitor/immobilizer model systems (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 33 (1995), S. 771-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Turing patterns ; CIMA/starch ; Brussellator/immobilizer ; Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems ; One-dimensional nonlinear stability analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The development of one-dimensional Turing patterns characteristic of the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid/starch reaction as well as analogous Brussellator/immobilizer and Schnackenberg/immobilizer model systems is investigated by means of a weakly nonlinear stability analysis applied to the appropriately scaled governing equations. Then the theoretical predictions deduced from these pattern formation studies are compared with experimental evidence relevant to the Turing diffusive instabilities under examination in order to explain more fully the transition to such stationary symmetry-breaking spatial structures when the temperature or pool species concentrations vary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187282
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pollen selection on progeny vigor in a Cucurbita pepo × C. texana hybrid (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Microgametophyte selection ; Pollen selection ; Pollen competition ; Cucurbita texana ; Cucurbita pepo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   We examined the effects of pollen selection for rapid pollen-tube growth on progeny vigor. First, we crossed a wild gourd (Cucurbita texana) to a cultivated zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv `Black Beauty') to produce an F1 and then an F2 generation. Half of the F1 seeds were produced by depositing small loads of C. texana pollen onto the stigmas of C. pepo. These small pollen loads were insufficient to produce a full complement of seeds and, consequently, both the fast- and the slow-growing pollen tubes were permitted to achieve fertilization. An F2 generation was then produced by depositing small loads of F1 pollen onto stigmas of F1 plants. The F2 seeds resulting from two generations of small pollen loads are termed 'the non-selected line' because there was little or no selection for pollen-tube growth rate on these plants. The other half of the F1 and F2 seeds were produced by depositing large pollen loads (〉10000 pollen grains) onto stigmas and then allowing only the first 1% or so of the pollen tubes that entered the ovary to fertilize the ovules. We did this by excising the styles at the ovary at 12–15 h after pollination. The resulting F2 seeds are termed `the selected line' because they were produced by two generations of selection for only the fastest growing pollen tubes. Small pollen loads from the F2 plants, both the selected and the non-selected lines, were then deposited onto stigmas of different C. pepo flowers, and the vigor of the resulting seeds was compared under greenhouse and field conditions. The results showed that the seeds fertilized by pollen from the selected line had greater vegetative vigor as seedlings and greater flower and fruit production as mature plants than the seeds fertilized by pollen from the non-selected line. This study demonstrates that selection for fast pollen-tube growth (selection on the microgametophyte) leads to a correlated increase in sporophyte (progeny) vigor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pollen selection on progeny vigor in a Cucurbita pepo x C. texana hybrid (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Microgametophyte selection ; Pollen selection ; Pollen competition ; Cucurbita texana ; Cucurbita pepo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of pollen selection for rapid pollen-tube growth on progeny vigor. First, we crossed a wild gourd (Cucurbita texana) to a cultivated zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv ‘Black Beauty’) to produce an F1 and then an F2 generation. Half of the F1 seeds were produced by depositing small loads of C. texana pollen onto the stigmas of C. pepo. These small pollen loads were insufficient to produce a full complement of seeds and, consequently, both the fast- and the slow-growing pollen tubes were permitted to achieve fertilization. An F2 generation was then produced by depositing small loads of F1 pollen onto stigmas of F1 plants. The F2 seeds resulting from two generations of small pollen loads are termed the non-selected line because there was little or no selection for pollen-tube growth rate on these plants. The other half of the F1 and F2 seeds were produced by depositing large pollen loads (〉10 000 pollen grains) onto stigmas and then allowing only the first 1% or so of the pollen tubes that entered the ovary to fertilize the ovules. We did this by excising the styles at the ovary at 12–15 h after pollination. The resulting F2 seeds are termed ‘the selected line’ because they were produced by two generations of selection for only the fastest growing pollen tubes. Small pollen loads from the F2plants, both the selected and the non-selected lines, were then deposited onto stigmas of different C. pepo flowers, and the vigor of the resulting seeds was compared under greenhouse and field conditions. The results showed that the seeds fertilized by pollen from the selected line had greater vegetative vigor as seedlings and greater flower and fruit production as mature plants than the seeds fertilized by pollen from the non-selected line. This study demonstrates that selection for fast pollen-tube growth (selection on the microgametophyte) leads to a correlated increase in sporophyte (progeny) vigor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221902
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fifty new microsatellite loci for the wheat genetic map (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 946-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Wheat ; Microsatellite markers ; Genetic map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has low levels of RFLP. Simple sequence repeats, however, show high levels of polymorphism and are therefore especially useful in intervarietal breeding applications. We present 53 newly mapped microsatellite loci for the wheat genetic map, 41 primary loci and 12 additional loci from these same primer pairs. Markers have been accredited with a quality score on a scale of 1–5 which describes the complexity of the amplification product profile from each primer pair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050975
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Storm Water Outfalls Adjacent to Urban Areas and Petroleum Refineries in San Francisco Bay, California (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1999), S. 290-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed in storm water collected from 15 outfalls in San Francisco Bay, California, considered representative of areas located adjacent to petroleum refineries and mixed urban/commercial/residential land uses. Storm water sampling was conducted hourly over a 12-h period at two outfalls located near the city of Oakland and the suburban community of Benicia, which represent urban and mixed urban/light industrial land uses, respectively. Sampling was conducted hourly to determine temporal changes in the concentrations and distributions of PCDD/Fs during the first major rainstorm event of the 1995/96 winter season. In addition, storm water sampling was conducted in December 1995 and February/April 1996 at six publicly owned treatment work (POTW) outfalls located adjacent to developed, undeveloped, mixed residential/commercial, and industrial lands. Storm water sampling also was conducted at five outfalls located adjacent to petroleum refineries. The sampling results were used to examine changes in PCDD/F loadings to San Francisco Bay at the onset and midway through the winter rainy season and to characterize differences in PCDD/F concentrations, if any, between refinery and nonrefinery areas. The concentrations of tetra- through octa-chlorinated homologues and 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners were assayed in filtered storm water samples according to US EPA Method 1613A. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used as an exploratory technique to examine the similarities and differences in the distributions of PCDD/Fs in storm water from different outfalls. The sampling results showed few significant differences between storm water discharged from outfalls located in mixed urban/commercial/residential areas and outfalls located adjacent to petroleum refineries. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were below the analytical limits of detection in all storm water samples, with the exception of samples collected after the sixth hour of sampling at the Oakland outfall. Fingerprint patterns were generally dominated by the higher chlorinated PCDD/F congeners including OCDD, OCDF, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. Total TEQs were generally below US EPA ambient water quality criteria and aquatic ecotoxicology guideline values. The results of this study strongly suggest that discrete sampling of storm water outfalls is insufficient to characterize the concentrations and distributions of persistent hydrophobic contaminants such as PCDD/Fs. In addition to surface water runoff from the city of Oakland, other nonindustrialized urban locations may represent important sources of PCDD/Fs to San Francisco Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900517
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