ALBERT

Beschreibung: Auf der Basis von Messungen mit Apfelwicklerkontrollkästen wurden unter anderem anhand von Korrelationsanalysen der Einfluß der Temperatur auf das Schlüpfen des Apfelwicklers, sowie den Apfelwicklerflug untersucht. Als Ergebnis wird unter anderem eine Temperatursummenregel präsentiert. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Temperatursummenregel für den Massenflug der ersten Apfelwicklergeneration im Jahr. KATASTER-DETAIL: Mit dem Beginn des Massenfluges der ersten Generation ist zu rechnen, wenn ab einer Temperatursumme von 283°C (Basis 6°C) ab Huflattichblüte bzw. 136°C (Basis 8°C) ab Stachelbeerblüte niederschlags- und windarme Tage mit Tagesmitteltemperaturen 〉=15°C auftreten.

Beschreibung: Der Autor versucht den Massenflug der 1.Generation des Apfelwicklers und das Maximum des Apfelwicklerfluges weiterer Generationen durch eine Temperatursummenregel zu erklären. Hierbei wurden gute Ergebnisse erzielt. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Aufstellung einer Temperatursummenregel, durch die ein Termin ermittelt werden kann, ab dem, bei Eintreten weiterer Bedingungen, mit dem Massenflug der 1.Apfelwicklergeneration gerechnet werden muss KATASTER-DETAIL: Beginn des Massenfluges -〉 wenn ab Temperatursumme 283°C (Basis 6°C) ab Huflattichblüte bzw. Temperatursumme 136°C (Basis 8°C) ab Stachelbeerblüte relativ warme, nds.- und windschwache Tage mit Tagesmitteltemperaturen 〉 15°C auftreten (wobei mind. 12-14h 〉 15°C und 6-8h 〉 20°C herrschen müssen); Für weitere Apfelwicklergenerationen sind Perioden mit relativ warmen, nds.- und windschwachen Tage mit Tagesmitteltemperaturen 〉 15°C (wobei mind. 12-14h 〉 15°C und 6-8h 〉 20°C herrschen müssen) wichtig

Beschreibung: The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand 〈150 micron in size contains approx. 55% crystalline material consistent with a basaltic heritage, and approx. 45% X-ray amorphous material. The amorphous component of Rocknest is Fe-rich and Si-poor, and is the host of the volatiles (H2O, O2, SO2, CO2, and Cl) detected by the Surface Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument and of the fine-grained nanophase oxide (npOx) component first described from basaltic soils analyzed by MER. The similarity between soils and aeolian materials analyzed at Gusev crater, Meridiani Planum and Gale crater implies locally sourced, globally similar basaltic materials, or globally and regionally sourced basaltic components deposited locally at all three locations.

Beschreibung: Optical spectra and properties of radio galaxies

Beschreibung: Two-stage temperature stabilized circuit using two transistors is described. Increase in temperature causes the base-to-emitter voltage of n-p-n transistor to become less positive whereas the base-to-emitter voltage of p-n-p transistor becomes less negative, so the temperature-induced variation in V sub 1 and V sub 2 cancel out.

Beschreibung: Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars.

Beschreibung: The eolian bedform within Gale Crater referred to as "Rocknest" was investigated by the science instruments of the Curiosity Mars rover. Physical, chemical and mineralogical results are consistent with data collected from soils at other landing sites, suggesting a globally-similar composition. Results from the Curiosity payload from Rocknest should be considered relevant beyond a single, localized region with Gale Crater, providing key insights into planetary scale processes.

Beschreibung: A significant portion of the soil of the Rocknest dune is crystalline and is consistent with derivation from unweathered basalt. Minerals and their compositions are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from the CheMin instrument on MSL Curiosity. Basalt minerals in the soil include plagioclase, olivine, low- and high-calcium pyroxenes, magnetite, ilmenite, and quartz. The only minerals unlikely to have formed in an unaltered basalt are hematite and anhydrite. The mineral proportions and compositions of the Rocknest soil are nearly identical to those of the Adirondack-class basalts of Gusev Crater, Mars, inferred from their bulk composition as analyzed by the MER Spirit rover.

Beschreibung: The Alpha Particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) on the Curiosity rover in Gale Crater [1] is the 4th such instrument to have landed on Mars [2]. Along the rover's traverse down-section toward Glenelg (through sol 102), the APXS has examined four rocks and one soil [3]. Gale rocks are geochemically diverse and expand the range of Martian rock compositions to include high volatile and alkali contents (up to 3.0 wt% K2O) with high Fe and Mn (up to 29.2% FeO*).

Beschreibung: Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the main activity-dependent neurotrophin in the human nervous system. BDNF is implicated in production of new neurons from dentate gyrus stem cells (hippocampal neurogenesis), synapse formation, sprouting of new axons, growth of new axons, sprouting of new dendrites, and neuron survival. Alterations in the amount or activity of BDNF can produce significant detrimental changes to cortical function and synaptic transmission in the human brain. This can result in glial and neuronal dysfunction, which may contribute to a range of clinical conditions, spanning a number of learning, behavioral, and neurological disorders. There is an extensive body of work surrounding the BDNF molecular network, including BDNF gene polymorphisms, methylated BDNF gene promoters, multiple gene transcripts, varied BDNF functional proteins, and different BDNF receptors (whose activation differentially drive the neuron to neurogenesis or apoptosis). BDNF is also closely linked to mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1alpha, which can influence brain and muscle metabolic efficiency. BDNF AS A HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT COUNTERMEASURE TARGET Earth-based studies reveal that BDNF is negatively impacted by many of the conditions encountered in the space environment, including oxidative stress, radiation, psychological stressors, sleep deprivation, and many others. A growing body of work suggests that the BDNF network is responsive to a range of diet, nutrition, exercise, drug, and other types of influences. This section explores the BDNF network in the context of 1) protecting the brain and nervous system in the space environment, 2) optimizing neurobehavioral performance in space, and 3) reducing the residual effects of space flight on the nervous system on return to Earth